WEBVTT

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Yuzingizga qo'lingizni tekkizing.

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Qani sinab ko'ringchi.

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Nimani his qilyapsiz?

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Yumshoqmi? Mayinmi?

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Siz o'zingizni his qilyapsiz, 
shunday emasmi?

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Aslida esa unday emas.

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Siz barmoqlarizda va yuzlaringizda 
yashaydigan minglab mikroskopik

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mavjudodlarni his qilyapsiz.

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Siz bugun havo orqali kelgan mayda

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zamburug' moddalarni his qilyapsiz.

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Ular bizning allergiyamizni qo'zg'aydi

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va chrindi hidiga ega.

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Siz bizning terimizda yashaydigan 
100 milliardlab bakteriya

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hujayralarini his qilyapsiz.

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Ular terimizdagi yo'g'lardan oziqlanib 
yog' o'rnini qoplamoqda

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va tana hidini ishlab chiqarmoqda.

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Ehtimol, siz kecha hojatxonaga kirgan 
paytingizdagi fekaliya

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bakteriyasini ushlamoqdasiz,

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yoki kecha sizga sepilgan suv 
quvurlarida yashaydigan

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bakteriyalarni his qilyapsiz.

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Uzr.

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(Kulgu)

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Balkim siz yuzimizda yashaydigan 
ikki xil parazitlarga

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mikroskopik salom

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berayotgandirsiz.

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Ular kechasi bilan yuzimiz bo'ylab 
aylanib chiqadi

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va burnimiz uchida yotadi.

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(Kulgu)

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Ularni ko'plari hozir o'zlarini ichlarini
sizning teshiklaringiz bo'shatyapdi.

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(Kulgu)

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Endi barmoqlarizga qarang.

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Qanday his qilyapsiz? Rasvo?

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Yuvib tashlash uchun sovun kerakmi?

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Siz hozir shunday his qilyapsiz

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lekin kelajakda siz bunday his qilmaysiz.

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Ohirgi 100 yil davomida

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bizga yaqin turgan mikroskopik olam bilan

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hammamiz raqobatdosh munosabatda bo'ldik.

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Agar uyingizda parazit yoki 
rakovinangizda

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bakteriyalar bor desam,

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bunga inson yaratgan yechim bor, ya'ni

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bunday mavjudodlarni yo'q qiladigan

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vosita.

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Hozirgi kunda biz ko'plab mikroskopik 
mavjudodlarni yo'q qilishga kurashamiz.

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Ammo bu bilan biz yer yuzidagi eng 
zo'r texnologiya manbaini

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inkor qilmoqdamiz.

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Ohirgi 100 yil davomida, insoniyat 
bakteriya muammolar yechimini kuzatdi,

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lekin kelasi bir asrda bakteriyalarning 
insoniyat muammosi yechimi kuzatiladi.

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Men olimman va izlanuvchi olimlar bilan

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Shimoliy Karolina va Kolorado 
universitetlarida

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bizga eng yaqin hamda yashirin va 
no'malum atrof-muhitda mavjud bo'lgan;

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bizning yotog'imiz ostida, bizning 
bog'imizda

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yoki bizning kindigimizda mavjud 
mikroskopik hayotni

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fosh qilish ustida ishlayman.

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Men bu sohada ishlaganimni sababi 
biz bizga yaqin bo'lgan

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mikroskopik hayot haqida juda 
ham kam bilamiz.

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Bir necha yil muqaddam hech 
qaysi olim bizga yaxshi

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tanish bo'lgan xonadonimizda 
qanday parazit yoki

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mikroorganizm turishini aytolmasdi.

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Shuning uchun men va boshqa jamoalar

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paxta o'ralgan gurgurt cho'plari, 
pinsetlar va

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mikroskopik mavjudotlarni fosh qilishda

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foydalaniladigan DNK metodlari 
bilan qurollanganmiz.

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Bu sohada biz o'rgimchakdan 
tortib suvarak va

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patda yashovchi kichik burgagacha

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bo'lgan parazitlarning 600dan ortiq

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turini aniqladik.

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Bundan tashqari biz bizning chang 
bosgan yumshoq o'yinchoqlarimizda va kiyim

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javonimiz hamda dushxonamizda yashaydigan

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100 000 ortiq parazit va bakteriyalarni
aniqladik.

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Biz yanada chuqurroq kirdik va

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har bitta parazitning tanasi ichida

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yashaydigan mikroorganizmlarni o'rgandik.

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Har bitta parazidda, masalan, arida,

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biz hali kashf qilinmagan

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yuzlab tirik mavjudodlarni 
kuzatishimiz mumkin.

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Mana biologik kosmos qayerda!

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Siz kurib turgan mavjudodlarning ko'pini

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nomi yo'q hali.

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Atrofimizdagi olamning ko'p qismi hali 
no'malum.

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Men birinchi marta yangi kashf qilingan 
mavjudotni nomlashga

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to'g'ri kelganini eslayman.
Bu qog'oz arida yashovchi parazit edi.

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U yumshoq va mayin edi,

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va men uni "mukur nidikola" deb atadim,

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lotin tilida birovning inida yashovchi 
deganini bildiradi.

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Bu uning dinozavr ichida katta 
bo'layotganligining rasmi,

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chunki hammaning fikricha dinozavrlar 
juda ham zo'r.

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Men magistratura bosqichida 
o'qiyotgan paytimda

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men yangi mavjudodlar hayoti haqida 
topganimda juda ham hayajonda edim.

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Men dadamni oldiga bordim va

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"Dada. men mavjudodlarning yangi turlarini
topdim" dedim.

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U kulib,

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"Bu yahshi. Men o'ylaymanki sen ularga 
davo ham topding" dedi.

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(Kulgu)

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"Buni davolash."

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Hozir dadam meni eng katta muxlisim,

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shuning uchun u mening yangi hayot 
shaklini o'ldirishni xohlagan payti

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men uni farzand va olim sifatida

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uyaltirib qo'yganimni anglab yetdim.

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Labaratoriyalarda hamda odamlarning 
bog'ida ishlab yurgan

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va mikroskopik mavjudodlarning katalogini 
tuzgan paytlarimda, men unda

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mening asl ishim nimadan 
iboratligini aytmaganman.

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Maqsad atrofimizdagi mikroskopik hayotni

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o'ldirish uchun texnologiya topishdan 
iborat emas.

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Mening maqsadim bizni asrash uchun 
mikroskopik hayotdan texnologiya topish.

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Bizning xonadonimizda mavjud mikroskopik 
hayotning 100 000 yangi turlari mavjud.

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Bu degani 100 000 ta insoniyat 
muammolarining yechimi manbaidir.

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Men shunday kichik, bitta
hujayraga ega bo'lgan mavjudot

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kuchli narsa qila olishi

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mumkinligiga ishonish

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qiyinligini bilaman, lekin

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ular qila oladi.
Bu mavjudotlar o'z atrof muhitini

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kimyoviy arsenalga aylantira oladigan

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mikroskopik alkimyogardir.

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Bu ular har qanday muhitda yashay 
oladi degani va atrofidagi

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istalgan narsadan ozuqa 
sifatida foydalana oladi.

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Bu ularning zaharli moddadan to plastik
chiqindigacha bo'lgan har qanday narsani

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iste'mol qila oladi va ular yog' va quvvat
batareykasi kabi chiqindi mahsulotlarini

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ishlab chiqara oladi.
Ular hatto asl tillaning kichik

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bo'laklariniyam ishlab chiqara oladi.
Ular iste'molga yaroqsiz mahsulotni

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yaroqli mahsulotga, alkogolni 
shakarga aylantira

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oladi. Ular shokoladga ta'm berish va

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tuproqqa kuch berish qudratiga ega.

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Men sizlarga aytamanki,

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kelasi 100 yil davomida ushbu
mikroskopik mavjudotlarning bizning

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ko'p muammolarimizni hal etishini

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kuzatishimiz mumkin.
Bizda muammolar ko'p.

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Bizda har kunlik badbo'y kiyim va 
yoqimsiz taom bor.

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Shu bilan birga ulkan muammolarimiz bor:

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kassaliklar, atrof muhit ifloslanishi 
va urushlar.

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Shuning uchun mening vazifam
nafaqat

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atrofimizdagi mikroskopik hayotni katalog
qilishdan iborat

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balkim bizga aynan nima yordam bera
olishini aniqlashdir.

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Sizlarga bir misol aytaman.

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Biz zararkunanda va

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uyimizda uchraydigan ko'plab 
arilardan boshladik.

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Arining ichida hali to'liq o'rganilmagan 
noyob qobiliyatga ega bo'lgan pivo

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tayyorlay oladigan mikro-

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organizmlardan boshladik.

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Bunday xususiyatga sayyoramizda 
faqatgina bir necha mavjudodlar ega.

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To'g'risini aytganda, bozorda olgan 
har qanday pivongiz

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faqatgina uchta mikroorganizm turlari 
orqali tayyorlangan.

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Lekin bizning mavjudodlarimiz asal va 
tortning ta'mini beradigan

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ajoyib pivo tayyorlay oladi.

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Arining qornida yashovchi mikroorganizm 
turlari sayyoramizdagi

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boshqa har qanday 
mikroorganizmdan yaxshiroq

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nordon pivo tayyorlay oladi.

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Hozirgi kunda to'rtta mikroorganizm turi 
pivo tayyorlay oladi.

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Zararkunandaning pivo tayyorlashini 
eshitib endi

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kelajakdagi pivoni ta'tib 
ko'rish haqida o'ylab ko'ring.

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Ikkinchi misol sifatida shuni

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aytamanki, odamlarning bog'ida loy qazib
olish uchun izlanuvchi

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olimlar bilan ishladim. Biz u yerda yangi
antibiotiklar tayyorlay oladigan mikro-

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organizmlarni kashf qildik. 
Bunday antibiotiklar dunyoning eng

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yomon superparazitlarini o'ldira oladi. 
Bu kashf qilingan ajoyib

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narsa edi, lekin bir sir bor:

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ohirgi 60 yil davomida

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bozordagi antibiotiklarning ko'plari

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shunga o'xshash tuproq 
bakteriyasidan kelgan.

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Har kuni siz va men, xonada o'tirgan 
va sayyoramizdagi

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har bir odam

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huddi shunga o'xshash bakteriyalar 
yordamida saqlanadi.

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Siz loyni eshitib

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endi dori darmon haqida o'ylab ko'ring.

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Ehtimol eng yahshi misol, afsuski 
birinchi bor

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sigir gungidan topilganligi 
uchun shunday atalgan

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hovuzda yashaydigan mikroorganizmlarni
o'rganayotgan hamkasblarimdan chiqadi.

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Bu faqatgina sichqonga yedirilganda travma
dan keyingi stress buzilishi vaksinasini

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o'rnini bosadi va boshqa hech qanday 
muzokaraga munosib

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hususiyati mavjud emas.

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Bu qo'rquvga qarshi vaksinadir.

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Hovuz paraziti haqida eshitdingiz 
endi umid qiling.

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Bundan tashqari ko'plab mikrobik 
misollar mavjud,

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lekin bugun barini gapirishga 
vaqt yetmaydi.

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Men sizga faqatgina uchta mikroorganizmdan
kelgan yechimlar haqida gapirdim.

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Tasavvur qilib ko'ring, sizning chang
bosgan yumshoq o'yinchog'ingizdagi 100 000

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mavjudot nima qila oladi.

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Kelajakda ular sizni jozibaliroq 
yoki aqlliroq

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qilishi mumkin, yo balkim

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ko'proq yashashingizga yordam berar.

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Yana birbor barmoqlaringizga qarang.

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Barcha noma'lum bo'lgan 
mikroskopik mavjudotlar

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haqida bir o'ylab ko'ring.

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Kelajakda ular nima qilishi, yaratishi, 
kimningdir

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hayotini saqlab qolish

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qobiliyatiga ega bo'lishi haqida
bir o'ylang.

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Barmoqlaringizni qanday his 
qilyapsiz

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endi?
Biroz qudratliroqmi?

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Buning sababi siz kelajakni his qilyapsiz.

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Rahmat

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(qarsaklar)