0:00:00.000,0:00:04.000
Mountain biking in Israel

0:00:04.000,0:00:06.000
is something that I do with great passion

0:00:06.000,0:00:09.000
and commitment.

0:00:09.000,0:00:11.000
And when I'm on my bike,

0:00:11.000,0:00:13.000
I feel that I connect

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with the profound beauty of Israel,

0:00:16.000,0:00:18.000
and I feel that I'm united

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with this country's history

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and biblical law.

0:00:24.000,0:00:26.000
And also, for me,

0:00:26.000,0:00:28.000
biking is a matter of empowerment.

0:00:28.000,0:00:30.000
When I reach the summit

0:00:30.000,0:00:32.000
of a steep mountain in the middle of nowhere,

0:00:32.000,0:00:34.000
I feel young,

0:00:34.000,0:00:37.000
invincible, eternal.

0:00:37.000,0:00:40.000
It's as if I'm connecting with some legacy

0:00:40.000,0:00:42.000
or with some energy

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far greater than myself.

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You can see my fellow riders

0:00:46.000,0:00:48.000
at the end of the picture,

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looking at me with some concern.

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And here is another picture of them.

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Unfortunately, I cannot show their faces,

0:00:56.000,0:00:58.000
neither can I disclose their true names,

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and that's because my fellow riders

0:01:00.000,0:01:02.000
are juvenile inmates,

0:01:02.000,0:01:04.000
offenders

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spending time in a correction facility

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about 20 minutes' ride from here --

0:01:09.000,0:01:11.000
well, like everything in Israel.

0:01:13.000,0:01:16.000
And I've been riding with these kids once a week,

0:01:16.000,0:01:19.000
every Tuesday, rain or shine, for the last four years

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and by now, they've become a very big part of my life.

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This story began four years ago.

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The correction facility where they are locked up

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happens to be right in the middle

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of one of my usual trips,

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and it's surrounded by barbed wires

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and electric gates and armed guards.

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So on one of these rides,

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I talked my way into the compound

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and went to see the warden.

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I told the warden

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that I wanted to start a mountain biking club in this place

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and that basically I wanted to take the kids

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from here to there.

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And I told him, "Let's find a way

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in which I'll be able to take out 10 kids once a week

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to ride with in the summer in the country."

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And the warden was quite amused,

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and he told me he thought that I was a nut

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and he told me,

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"This place is a correction facility. These guys are serious offenders.

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They are supposed to be locked up.

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They aren't supposed to be out at large."

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And yet, we began to talk about it,

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and one thing led to another.

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And I can't see myself

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going into a state prison in New Jersey

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and making such a proposition,

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but this being Israel,

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the warden somehow made it happen.

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And so two months later,

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we found ourselves "at large" --

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myself,

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10 juvenile inmates

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and a wonderful fellow named Russ,

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who became a very good friend of mine

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and my partner in this project.

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And in the next few weeks, I had the tremendous pleasure

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of introducing these kids

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to the world of total freedom,

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a world consisting of magnificent vistas

0:02:57.000,0:02:59.000
like these --

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everything you see here is obviously in Israel --

0:03:02.000,0:03:04.000
as well as close encounters

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with all sorts of small creatures

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coming in all sorts of sizes,

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colors, shapes, forms

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and so on.

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In spite of all this splendor,

0:03:16.000,0:03:19.000
the beginning was extremely frustrating.

0:03:19.000,0:03:21.000
Every small obstacle,

0:03:21.000,0:03:23.000
every slight uphill,

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would cause these fellows

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to stop in their tracks and give up.

0:03:28.000,0:03:31.000
So we had a lot of this going on.

0:03:31.000,0:03:33.000
I found out that they had a very hard time

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dealing with frustration and difficulties --

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not because they were physically unfit.

0:03:37.000,0:03:40.000
But that's one reason why they ended up where they were.

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And I became increasingly more and more agitated,

0:03:43.000,0:03:45.000
because I was there

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not only to be with them,

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but also to ride and create a team

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and I didn't know what to do.

0:03:51.000,0:03:53.000
Now, let me give you an example.

0:03:53.000,0:03:56.000
We're going downhill in some rocky terrain,

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and the front tire of Alex

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gets caught in one of these crevasses here.

0:04:01.000,0:04:03.000
So he crashes down,

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and he gets slightly injured,

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but this does not prevent him from jumping up

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and then starting to jump up and down on his bike

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and curse violently.

0:04:12.000,0:04:15.000
Then he throws his helmet in the air.

0:04:15.000,0:04:18.000
His backpack goes ballistic in some other direction.

0:04:18.000,0:04:20.000
And then he runs to the nearest tree

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and starts to break branches and throw rocks

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and curse like I've never heard.

0:04:26.000,0:04:29.000
And I'm just standing there,

0:04:29.000,0:04:31.000
watching this scene

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with a complete disbelief,

0:04:33.000,0:04:36.000
not knowing what to do.

0:04:36.000,0:04:38.000
I'm used to algorithms

0:04:38.000,0:04:41.000
and data structures

0:04:41.000,0:04:44.000
and super motivated students,

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and nothing in my background

0:04:46.000,0:04:48.000
prepared me to deal

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with a raging, violent adolescent

0:04:51.000,0:04:53.000
in the middle of nowhere.

0:04:53.000,0:04:55.000
And you have to realize that these incidents

0:04:55.000,0:04:57.000
did not happen in convenient locations.

0:04:57.000,0:05:00.000
They happened in places like this,

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in the Judean Desert,

0:05:02.000,0:05:05.000
20 kilometers away from the nearest road.

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And what you don't see in this picture

0:05:07.000,0:05:10.000
is that somewhere between these riders there,

0:05:10.000,0:05:12.000
there's a teenager sitting on a rock,

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saying, "I'm not moving from here. Forget it.

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I've had it."

0:05:16.000,0:05:18.000
Well, that's a problem

0:05:18.000,0:05:21.000
because one way or another, you have to get this guy moving

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because it's getting dark soon and dangerous.

0:05:24.000,0:05:27.000
It took me several such incidents to figure out what I was supposed to do.

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At the beginning, it was a disaster.

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I tried harsh words and threats

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and they took me nowhere.

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That's what they had all their lives.

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And at some point I found out,

0:05:38.000,0:05:40.000
when a kid like this gets into a fit,

0:05:40.000,0:05:42.000
the best thing that you can possibly do

0:05:42.000,0:05:45.000
is stay as close as possible to this kid,

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which is difficult,

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because what you really want to do is go away.

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But that's what he had all his life,

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people walking away from him.

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So what you have to do is stay close

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and try to reach in

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and pet his shoulder

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or give him a piece of chocolate.

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So I would say, "Alex, I know that it's terribly difficult.

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Why don't you rest for a few minutes

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and then we'll go on."

0:06:08.000,0:06:11.000
"Go away you maniac-psychopath.

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Why would you bring us to this goddamn place?"

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And I would say, "Relax, Alex.

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Here's a piece of chocolate."

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And Alex would go, "Arrrrggg!"

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Because you have to understand

0:06:24.000,0:06:26.000
that on these rides we are constantly hungry --

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and after the rides also.

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And who is this guy, Alex, to begin with?

0:06:33.000,0:06:35.000
He's a 17-year-old.

0:06:35.000,0:06:37.000
When he was eight,

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someone put him on a boat in Odessa

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and sent him, shipped him to Israel

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on his own.

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And he ended up in south Tel Aviv

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and did not have the good luck

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to be picked up by a [unclear]

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and roamed the streets

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and became a prominent gang member.

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And he spent the last 10 years of his life

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in two places only,

0:07:00.000,0:07:03.000
the slums and the state prison,

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where he spent the last two years

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before he ended up sitting on this rock there.

0:07:08.000,0:07:10.000
And so this kid

0:07:10.000,0:07:13.000
was probably abused,

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abandoned, ignored, betrayed

0:07:16.000,0:07:18.000
by almost every adult along the way.

0:07:18.000,0:07:20.000
So, for such a kid,

0:07:20.000,0:07:23.000
when an adult that he learns to respect stays close to him

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and doesn't walk away from him

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in any situation,

0:07:27.000,0:07:30.000
irrespective of how he behaves,

0:07:30.000,0:07:33.000
it's a tremendous healing experience.

0:07:33.000,0:07:36.000
It's an act of unconditional acceptance,

0:07:36.000,0:07:38.000
something that he never had.

0:07:38.000,0:07:40.000
I want to say a few words about vision.

0:07:40.000,0:07:43.000
When I started this program four years ago,

0:07:43.000,0:07:46.000
I had this original plan

0:07:46.000,0:07:48.000
of creating a team

0:07:48.000,0:07:50.000
of winning underdogs.

0:07:50.000,0:07:53.000
I had an image of Lance Armstrong

0:07:53.000,0:07:55.000
in my mind.

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And it took me exactly two months

0:07:58.000,0:08:00.000
of complete frustration

0:08:00.000,0:08:02.000
to realize that this vision

0:08:02.000,0:08:04.000
was misplaced,

0:08:04.000,0:08:06.000
and that there was another vision

0:08:06.000,0:08:08.000
supremely more important

0:08:08.000,0:08:11.000
and more readily available.

0:08:11.000,0:08:14.000
It all of a sudden dawned on me, in this project,

0:08:14.000,0:08:16.000
that the purpose of these rides

0:08:16.000,0:08:18.000
should actually be

0:08:18.000,0:08:20.000
to expose the kids

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to one thing only: love.

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Love to the country, to the uphill

0:08:25.000,0:08:27.000
and the downhill,

0:08:27.000,0:08:30.000
to all the incredible creatures that surround us --

0:08:30.000,0:08:32.000
the animals, the plants,

0:08:32.000,0:08:34.000
the insects --

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love and respect

0:08:36.000,0:08:38.000
to other fellow members in your team,

0:08:38.000,0:08:40.000
in your biking team,

0:08:40.000,0:08:42.000
and most importantly,

0:08:42.000,0:08:44.000
love and respect to yourself,

0:08:44.000,0:08:46.000
which is something

0:08:46.000,0:08:48.000
that they badly miss.

0:08:48.000,0:08:50.000
Together with the kids,

0:08:50.000,0:08:53.000
I also went through a remarkable transformation.

0:08:53.000,0:08:55.000
Now, I come from a cutthroat world

0:08:55.000,0:08:57.000
of science and high technology.

0:08:57.000,0:09:00.000
I used to think that reason and logic

0:09:00.000,0:09:02.000
and relentless drive

0:09:02.000,0:09:04.000
were the only ways to make things happen.

0:09:04.000,0:09:06.000
And before I worked with the kids,

0:09:06.000,0:09:08.000
anything that I did with them,

0:09:08.000,0:09:10.000
or anything that I did with myself,

0:09:10.000,0:09:12.000
was supposed to be perfect,

0:09:12.000,0:09:15.000
ideal, optimal,

0:09:15.000,0:09:19.000
but after working with them for some time,

0:09:19.000,0:09:22.000
I discovered the great virtues of empathy

0:09:22.000,0:09:24.000
and flexibility

0:09:24.000,0:09:26.000
and being able to start with some vision,

0:09:26.000,0:09:29.000
and if the vision doesn't work, well nothing happened.

0:09:29.000,0:09:32.000
All you have to do is play with it, change it a little bit,

0:09:32.000,0:09:35.000
and come up with something that does help, that does work.

0:09:35.000,0:09:37.000
So right now, I feel more

0:09:37.000,0:09:39.000
like these are my principles,

0:09:39.000,0:09:41.000
and if you don't like them,

0:09:41.000,0:09:43.000
I have others.

0:09:43.000,0:09:45.000
(Laughter)

0:09:45.000,0:09:50.000
(Applause)

0:09:50.000,0:09:52.000
And one of these principles

0:09:52.000,0:09:54.000
is focus.

0:09:54.000,0:09:56.000
Before each ride

0:09:56.000,0:09:58.000
we sit together with the kids,

0:09:58.000,0:10:00.000
and we give them one word

0:10:00.000,0:10:02.000
to think about during the ride.

0:10:02.000,0:10:05.000
You have to focus their attention on something

0:10:05.000,0:10:07.000
because so many things happen.

0:10:07.000,0:10:09.000
So these are words like "teamwork"

0:10:09.000,0:10:11.000
or "endurance"

0:10:11.000,0:10:13.000
or even complicated concepts

0:10:13.000,0:10:15.000
like "resource allocation"

0:10:15.000,0:10:17.000
or "perspective," a word that they don't understand.

0:10:17.000,0:10:19.000
You know, perspective

0:10:19.000,0:10:21.000
is one of these critically important

0:10:21.000,0:10:23.000
life-coping strategies

0:10:23.000,0:10:26.000
that mountain biking can really teach you.

0:10:26.000,0:10:28.000
I tell kids

0:10:28.000,0:10:31.000
when they struggle through some uphill

0:10:31.000,0:10:33.000
and feel like they cannot take it anymore,

0:10:33.000,0:10:36.000
it really helps to ignore the immediate obstacles

0:10:36.000,0:10:38.000
and raise your head and look around

0:10:38.000,0:10:40.000
and see how the vista around you grows.

0:10:40.000,0:10:43.000
It literally propels you upwards.

0:10:43.000,0:10:45.000
That's what perspective is all about.

0:10:45.000,0:10:47.000
Or you can also look back in time

0:10:47.000,0:10:49.000
and realize that you've already conquered

0:10:49.000,0:10:52.000
steeper mountains before.

0:10:52.000,0:10:55.000
And that's how they develop self-esteem.

0:10:55.000,0:10:57.000
Now, let me give you an example of how it works.

0:10:57.000,0:11:00.000
You stand with your bike at the beginning of February.

0:11:00.000,0:11:03.000
It's very cold, and you're standing in one of these rainy days,

0:11:03.000,0:11:05.000
and it's drizzling

0:11:05.000,0:11:08.000
and cold and chilly,

0:11:08.000,0:11:11.000
and you're standing in, let's say, Yokneam.

0:11:11.000,0:11:14.000
And you look up at the sky through a hole in the clouds

0:11:14.000,0:11:17.000
you see the monastery at the top of the Muhraka --

0:11:17.000,0:11:19.000
that's where you're supposed to climb now --

0:11:19.000,0:11:22.000
and you say, "There's no way that I could possibly get there."

0:11:22.000,0:11:25.000
And yet, two hours later

0:11:25.000,0:11:28.000
you find yourself standing on the roof of this monastery,

0:11:28.000,0:11:31.000
smeared with mud,

0:11:31.000,0:11:33.000
blood and sweat.

0:11:33.000,0:11:35.000
And you look down at Yokneam;

0:11:35.000,0:11:37.000
everything is so small and tiny.

0:11:37.000,0:11:39.000
And you say, "Hey, Alex. Look at this parking lot where we started.

0:11:39.000,0:11:41.000
It's that big.

0:11:41.000,0:11:43.000
I can't believe that I did it."

0:11:43.000,0:11:45.000
And that's the point

0:11:45.000,0:11:47.000
when you start loving yourself.

0:11:48.000,0:11:50.000
And so we talked about

0:11:50.000,0:11:52.000
these special words that we teach them.

0:11:52.000,0:11:55.000
And at the end of each ride, we sit together

0:11:55.000,0:11:57.000
and share moments

0:11:57.000,0:12:00.000
in which those special words of the day

0:12:00.000,0:12:02.000
popped up and made a difference,

0:12:02.000,0:12:04.000
and these discussions

0:12:04.000,0:12:06.000
can be extremely inspiring.

0:12:06.000,0:12:08.000
In one of them, one of the kids once said,

0:12:08.000,0:12:10.000
"When we were riding on this ridge

0:12:10.000,0:12:12.000
overlooking the Dead Sea --

0:12:12.000,0:12:15.000
and he's talking about this spot here --

0:12:15.000,0:12:17.000
"I was reminded

0:12:17.000,0:12:19.000
of the day when I left my village in Ethiopia

0:12:19.000,0:12:22.000
and went away together with my brother.

0:12:22.000,0:12:24.000
We walked 120 kilometers

0:12:24.000,0:12:26.000
until we reached Sudan.

0:12:26.000,0:12:29.000
This was the first place where we got some water and supplies."

0:12:29.000,0:12:32.000
And he goes on saying, and everyone looks at him like a hero,

0:12:32.000,0:12:34.000
probably for the first time in his life.

0:12:34.000,0:12:37.000
And he says -- because I also have volunteers riding with me,

0:12:37.000,0:12:39.000
adults, who are sitting there

0:12:39.000,0:12:42.000
listening to him --

0:12:42.000,0:12:44.000
and he says, "And this was just the beginning

0:12:44.000,0:12:46.000
of our ordeal

0:12:46.000,0:12:48.000
until we ended up in Israel.

0:12:48.000,0:12:50.000
And only now," he says,

0:12:50.000,0:12:52.000
"I'm beginning to understand where I am,

0:12:52.000,0:12:54.000
and I actually like it."

0:12:54.000,0:12:56.000
Now I remember, when he said it,

0:12:56.000,0:12:58.000
I felt goosebumps on my body,

0:12:58.000,0:13:01.000
because he said it overlooking the Moab Mountains here in the background.

0:13:01.000,0:13:03.000
That's where Joshua descended

0:13:03.000,0:13:05.000
and crossed the Jordan

0:13:05.000,0:13:08.000
and led the people of Israel into the land of Canaan

0:13:08.000,0:13:10.000
3,000 years ago

0:13:10.000,0:13:12.000
in this final leg

0:13:12.000,0:13:15.000
of the journey from Africa.

0:13:15.000,0:13:17.000
And so, perspective

0:13:17.000,0:13:19.000
and context and history

0:13:19.000,0:13:21.000
play key roles

0:13:21.000,0:13:23.000
in the way I plan my rides

0:13:23.000,0:13:25.000
with the kids.

0:13:25.000,0:13:27.000
We visit Kibbutzim

0:13:27.000,0:13:30.000
that were established by Holocaust survivors.

0:13:30.000,0:13:33.000
We explore ruins

0:13:33.000,0:13:36.000
of Palestinian villages,

0:13:36.000,0:13:39.000
and we discuss how they became ruins.

0:13:39.000,0:13:42.000
And we go through numerous remnants

0:13:42.000,0:13:44.000
of Jewish settlements, Nabatic settlements,

0:13:44.000,0:13:46.000
Canaanite settlements --

0:13:46.000,0:13:48.000
three-, four, five-thousand years old.

0:13:48.000,0:13:50.000
And through this tapestry,

0:13:50.000,0:13:53.000
which is the history of this country,

0:13:53.000,0:13:55.000
the kids acquire

0:13:55.000,0:13:57.000
what is probably the most important

0:13:57.000,0:13:59.000
value in education,

0:13:59.000,0:14:03.000
and that is the understanding that life is complex,

0:14:03.000,0:14:06.000
and there's no black and white.

0:14:06.000,0:14:08.000
And by appreciating complexity,

0:14:08.000,0:14:10.000
they become more tolerant,

0:14:10.000,0:14:13.000
and tolerance leads to hope.

0:14:14.000,0:14:16.000
I ride with these kids once a week,

0:14:16.000,0:14:18.000
every Tuesday.

0:14:18.000,0:14:21.000
Here's a picture I took last Tuesday -- less than a week ago --

0:14:21.000,0:14:23.000
and I ride with them tomorrow also.

0:14:23.000,0:14:26.000
In every one of these rides

0:14:26.000,0:14:29.000
I always end up standing in one of these incredible locations,

0:14:29.000,0:14:32.000
taking in this incredible landscape around me,

0:14:32.000,0:14:34.000
and I feel blessed and fortunate

0:14:34.000,0:14:36.000
that I'm alive,

0:14:36.000,0:14:38.000
and that I sense every fiber

0:14:38.000,0:14:40.000
in my aching body.

0:14:40.000,0:14:42.000
And I feel blessed and fortunate

0:14:42.000,0:14:44.000
that 15 years ago

0:14:44.000,0:14:46.000
I had the courage to resign

0:14:46.000,0:14:48.000
my tenured position at NYU

0:14:48.000,0:14:50.000
and return to my home country

0:14:50.000,0:14:52.000
where I can do these incredible rides

0:14:52.000,0:14:54.000
with this group of troubled kids

0:14:54.000,0:14:56.000
coming from Ethiopia

0:14:56.000,0:14:59.000
and Morocco and Russia.

0:14:59.000,0:15:01.000
And I feel blessed and fortunate

0:15:01.000,0:15:03.000
that every week, every Tuesday --

0:15:03.000,0:15:06.000
and actually every Friday also --

0:15:06.000,0:15:09.000
I can once again celebrate

0:15:09.000,0:15:12.000
in the marrow of my bones

0:15:12.000,0:15:15.000
the very essence of living in Israel on the edge.

0:15:15.000,0:15:17.000
Thank you.

0:15:17.000,0:15:24.000
(Applause)