[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.72,0:00:04.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An evolutionary biologist\Nat Purdue University
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.01,0:00:07.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,named William Muir studied chickens.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.52,0:00:09.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was interested in productivity --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.25,0:00:11.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think it's something\Nthat concerns all of us --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.54,0:00:14.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's easy to measure in chickens\Nbecause you just count the eggs.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.83,0:00:16.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.53,0:00:19.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He wanted to know what could make\Nhis chickens more productive,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.94,0:00:22.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so he devised a beautiful experiment.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.87,0:00:27.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chickens live in groups, so first of all,\Nhe selected just an average flock,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.33,0:00:30.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he let it alone for six generations.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.72,0:00:32.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But then he created a second group
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.81,0:00:35.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the individually\Nmost productive chickens --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.32,0:00:38.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you could call them superchickens --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.27,0:00:40.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he put them together in a superflock,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.38,0:00:45.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and each generation, he selected\Nonly the most productive for breeding.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.42,0:00:47.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After six generations had passed,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.97,0:00:49.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what did he find?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.72,0:00:53.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, the first group, the average group,\Nwas doing just fine.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.55,0:00:56.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were all plump and fully feathered
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.07,0:00:58.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and egg production\Nhad increased dramatically.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.70,0:01:00.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What about the second group?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.42,0:01:03.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, all but three were dead.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.25,0:01:06.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They'd pecked the rest to death.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.41,0:01:07.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.99,0:01:13.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The individually productive chickens\Nhad only achieved their success
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.50,0:01:18.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by suppressing the productivity\Nof the rest.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.83,0:01:22.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, as I've gone around the world\Ntalking about this and telling this story
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.52,0:01:24.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in all sorts of organizations\Nand companies,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.78,0:01:27.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people have seen\Nthe relevance almost instantly,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.35,0:01:29.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they come up and they say\Nthings to me like,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.66,0:01:32.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"That superflock, that's my company."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.75,0:01:34.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.72,0:01:38.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or, "That's my country."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.23,0:01:40.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or, "That's my life."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.80,0:01:44.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All my life I've been told that the way\Nwe have to get ahead is to compete:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.72,0:01:48.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,get into the right school,\Nget into the right job, get to the top,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.75,0:01:52.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I've really never found it\Nvery inspiring.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.49,0:01:57.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've started and run businesses\Nbecause invention is a joy,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.28,0:02:00.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and because working alongside\Nbrilliant, creative people
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.60,0:02:02.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is its own reward.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.76,0:02:08.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I've never really felt very motivated\Nby pecking orders or by superchickens
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.40,0:02:10.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or by superstars.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.28,0:02:13.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But for the past 50 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.22,0:02:17.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've run most organizations\Nand some societies
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.45,0:02:19.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,along the superchicken model.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.96,0:02:23.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've thought that success is achieved\Nby picking the superstars,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.58,0:02:27.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the brightest men,\Nor occasionally women, in the room,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.73,0:02:31.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and giving them all the resources\Nand all the power.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.43,0:02:35.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the result has been just the same\Nas in William Muir's experiment:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.49,0:02:40.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,aggression, dysfunction and waste.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.46,0:02:44.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If the only way the most productive\Ncan be successful
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.57,0:02:47.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is by suppressing\Nthe productivity of the rest,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.75,0:02:51.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then we badly need to find\Na better way to work
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.24,0:02:54.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a richer way to live.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.51,0:02:58.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.92,0:03:02.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what is it that makes some groups
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.92,0:03:06.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,obviously more successful\Nand more productive than others?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.70,0:03:09.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, that's the question\Na team at MIT took to research.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.97,0:03:12.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They brought in hundreds of volunteers,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.40,0:03:15.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they put them into groups, and they\Ngave them very hard problems to solve.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.89,0:03:18.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what happened was exactly\Nwhat you'd expect,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.62,0:03:21.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that some groups were very much\Nmore successful than others,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.93,0:03:25.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but what was really interesting\Nwas that the high-achieving groups
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.46,0:03:28.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were not those where they had\None or two people
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.11,0:03:31.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with spectacularly high I.Q.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.15,0:03:34.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nor were the most successful groups\Nthe ones that had the highest
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.75,0:03:37.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,aggregate I.Q.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.12,0:03:42.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead, they had three characteristics,\Nthe really successful teams.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.99,0:03:48.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First of all, they showed high degrees\Nof social sensitivity to each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.63,0:03:52.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is measured by something called\Nthe Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.23,0:03:54.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's broadly considered\Na test for empathy,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.72,0:03:56.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the groups that scored highly on this
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.91,0:03:58.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,did better.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.86,0:04:03.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Secondly, the successful groups\Ngave roughly equal time to each other,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.97,0:04:06.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that no one voice dominated,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.32,0:04:09.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but neither were there any passengers.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.10,0:04:11.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And thirdly, the more successful groups
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.82,0:04:14.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had more women in them.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.16,0:04:16.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.16,0:04:20.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, was this because women\Ntypically score more highly on
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.44,0:04:22.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.31,0:04:25.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so you're getting a doubling down\Non the empathy quotient?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.04,0:04:27.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or was it because they brought\Na more diverse perspective?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.80,0:04:31.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't really know, but the striking\Nthing about this experiment
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.95,0:04:36.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that it showed what we know, which is\Nsome groups do better than others,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.38,0:04:38.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but what's key to that
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.73,0:04:42.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is their social connectedness\Nto each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.54,0:04:46.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how does this play out\Nin the real world?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.38,0:04:51.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, it means that what happens\Nbetween people really counts,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.72,0:04:55.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because in groups that are highly\Nattuned and sensitive to each other,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.52,0:04:58.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ideas can flow and grow.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.78,0:05:02.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People don't get stuck.\NThey don't waste energy down dead ends.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.77,0:05:07.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An example: Arup is one of the world's\Nmost successful engineering firms,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.48,0:05:10.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it was commissioned to build\Nthe equestrian center
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.13,0:05:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the Beijing Olympics.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.00,0:05:13.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, this building had to receive
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.83,0:05:19.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,two and a half thousand\Nreally highly strung thoroughbred horses
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.12,0:05:21.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were coming off long-haul flights,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.21,0:05:24.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,highly jet-lagged,\Nnot feeling their finest.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.69,0:05:28.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the problem\Nthe engineer confronted was,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.10,0:05:31.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what quantity of waste to cater for?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.54,0:05:37.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, you don't get taught this\Nin engineering school -- (Laughter) --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.18,0:05:40.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's not really the kind of thing\Nyou want to get wrong,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.39,0:05:43.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so he could have spent months\Ntalking to vets, doing the research,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.85,0:05:45.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tweaking the spreadsheet.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.65,0:05:48.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead, he asked for help
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.80,0:05:53.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he found someone who had designed\Nthe Jockey Club in New York.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.28,0:05:57.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The problem was solved in less than a day.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.40,0:06:00.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Arup believes that\Nthe culture of helpfulness
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.19,0:06:02.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is central to their success.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.28,0:06:07.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, helpfulness sounds really anemic,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.40,0:06:11.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's absolutely core\Nto successful teams,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.50,0:06:16.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it routinely outperforms\Nindividual intelligence.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.12,0:06:20.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Helpfulness means I don't\Nhave to know everything,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.32,0:06:25.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I just have to work among people\Nwho are good at getting and giving help.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.60,0:06:31.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At SAP, they reckon that you can answer\Nany question in 17 minutes.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.13,0:06:35.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there isn't a single\Nhigh-tech company I've worked with
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.13,0:06:40.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that imagines for a moment\Nthat this is a technology issue,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.57,0:06:45.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because what drives helpfulness\Nis people getting to know each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.77,0:06:50.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now that sounds so obvious, and we think\Nit'll just happen normally,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.78,0:06:52.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it doesn't.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.41,0:06:55.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I was running\Nmy first software company,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.70,0:06:57.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I realized that we were getting stuck.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.74,0:07:01.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was a lot of friction,\Nbut not much else,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.52,0:07:06.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I gradually realized the brilliant,\Ncreative people that I'd hired
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.40,0:07:08.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,didn't know each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.36,0:07:12.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were so focused\Non their own individual work,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.24,0:07:15.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they didn't even know\Nwho they were sitting next to,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.97,0:07:18.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it was only when I insisted\Nthat we stop working
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.54,0:07:21.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and invest time in getting\Nto know each other
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.12,0:07:24.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we achieved real momentum.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.81,0:07:27.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, that was 20 years ago,\Nand now I visit companies
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.41,0:07:30.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that have banned coffee cups at desks
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.31,0:07:34.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they want people to hang out\Naround the coffee machines
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.30,0:07:36.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and talk to each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.14,0:07:38.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Swedes even have\Na special term for this.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.65,0:07:42.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They call it fika, which means\Nmore than a coffee break.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.01,0:07:45.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It means collective restoration.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.61,0:07:48.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At Idexx, a company up in Maine,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.72,0:07:51.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they've created vegetable gardens\Non campus so that people
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.52,0:07:53.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from different parts of the business
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.77,0:07:58.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can work together and get to know\Nthe whole business that way.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.64,0:08:00.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Have they all gone mad?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.99,0:08:04.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Quite the opposite -- they've figured out\Nthat when the going gets tough,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.54,0:08:06.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it always will get tough
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.58,0:08:09.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you're doing breakthrough work\Nthat really matters,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.30,0:08:11.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what people need is social support,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.97,0:08:15.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they need to know who to ask for help.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.20,0:08:19.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Companies don't have ideas;\Nonly people do.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.94,0:08:22.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what motivates people
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.54,0:08:27.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are the bonds and loyalty and trust\Nthey develop between each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.57,0:08:31.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What matters is the mortar,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.26,0:08:33.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not just the bricks.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.30,0:08:36.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, when you put all of this together,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.27,0:08:39.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what you get is something\Ncalled social capital.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.43,0:08:44.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Social capital is the reliance\Nand interdependency that builds trust.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.98,0:08:48.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The term comes from sociologists\Nwho were studying communities
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.47,0:08:52.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that proved particularly resilient\Nin times of stress.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.41,0:08:57.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Social capital is what\Ngives companies momentum,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.96,0:09:03.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and social capital\Nis what makes companies robust.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.18,0:09:06.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What does this mean in practical terms?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.85,0:09:10.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It means that time is everything,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.76,0:09:15.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because social capital\Ncompounds with time.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.43,0:09:20.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So teams that work together longer\Nget better, because it takes time
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.53,0:09:26.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to develop the trust you need\Nfor real candor and openness.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.46,0:09:29.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And time is what builds value.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.62,0:09:32.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When Alex Pentland\Nsuggested to one company
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.88,0:09:35.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they synchronize coffee breaks
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.59,0:09:39.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that people would have time\Nto talk to each other,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.50,0:09:42.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,profits went up 15 million dollars,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.98,0:09:46.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and employee satisfaction\Nwent up 10 percent.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.83,0:09:49.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not a bad return on social capital,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.93,0:09:53.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which compounds even as you spend it.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.96,0:10:00.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, this isn't about chumminess,\Nand it's no charter for slackers,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.02,0:10:04.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because people who work this way\Ntend to be kind of scratchy,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.66,0:10:08.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,impatient, absolutely determined\Nto think for themselves
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.69,0:10:12.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because that's what their contribution is.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.68,0:10:17.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Conflict is frequent\Nbecause candor is safe.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.28,0:10:23.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's how good ideas\Nturn into great ideas,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.47,0:10:26.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because no idea is born fully formed.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.57,0:10:29.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It emerges a little bit\Nas a child is born,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.90,0:10:34.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kind of messy and confused,\Nbut full of possibilities.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.49,0:10:40.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's only through the generous\Ncontribution, faith and challenge
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.61,0:10:43.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they achieve their potential.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.89,0:10:47.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's what social capital supports.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.46,0:10:52.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, we aren't really used\Nto talking about this,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.23,0:10:56.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about talent, about creativity,\Nin this way.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.20,0:10:59.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're used to talking about stars.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.26,0:11:04.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I started to wonder,\Nwell, if we start working this way,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.37,0:11:06.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,does that mean no more stars?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.44,0:11:09.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I went and I sat in on the auditions
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.80,0:11:13.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the Royal Academy\Nof Dramatic Art in London.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.66,0:11:16.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what I saw there really surprised me,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.89,0:11:21.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the teachers weren't looking\Nfor individual pyrotechnics.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.79,0:11:26.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were looking for what happened\Nbetween the students,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.48,0:11:30.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because that's where the drama is.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.59,0:11:32.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when I talked\Nto producers of hit albums,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.88,0:11:36.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they said, "Oh sure, we have\Nlots of superstars in music.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.10,0:11:39.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's just, they don't last very long.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.22,0:11:43.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the outstanding collaborators\Nwho enjoy the long careers,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.22,0:11:47.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because bringing out the best in others\Nis how they found the best
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.43,0:11:49.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in themselves."
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.69,0:11:52.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when I went to visit companies\Nthat are renowned
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.12,0:11:54.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for their ingenuity and creativity,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.18,0:11:57.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I couldn't even see any superstars,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.11,0:12:01.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because everybody there really mattered.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.44,0:12:04.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when I reflected on my own career,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.33,0:12:08.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the extraordinary people\NI've had the privilege to work with,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.25,0:12:13.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I realized how much more\Nwe could give each other
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.80,0:12:18.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we just stopped trying\Nto be superchickens.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.82,0:12:24.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) (Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.97,0:12:31.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once you appreciate\Ntruly how social work is,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.35,0:12:34.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a lot of things have to change.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.44,0:12:38.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Management by talent contest\Nhas routinely pitted
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.53,0:12:40.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,employees against each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.99,0:12:45.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, rivalry has to be replaced\Nby social capital.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.36,0:12:49.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For decades, we've tried\Nto motivate people with money,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.48,0:12:52.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though we've got\Na vast amount of research that shows
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.36,0:12:56.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that money erodes social connectedness.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.85,0:13:02.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, we need to let people\Nmotivate each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.65,0:13:07.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And for years, we've thought that leaders\Nwere heroic soloists who were expected,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.57,0:13:10.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all by themselves,\Nto solve complex problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.73,0:13:14.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, we need to redefine leadership
Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.28,0:13:18.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as an activity in which\Nconditions are created
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.34,0:13:24.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which everyone can do their most\Ncourageous thinking together.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.30,0:13:27.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We know that this works.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:28.21,0:13:32.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When the Montreal Protocol called\Nfor the phasing out of CFCs,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.50,0:13:36.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the chlorofluorocarbons implicated\Nin the hole in the ozone layer,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.85,0:13:39.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the risks were immense.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.33,0:13:42.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CFCs were everywhere,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.23,0:13:44.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and nobody knew if a substitute\Ncould be found.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.36,0:13:50.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But one team that rose to the challenge\Nadopted three key principles.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:51.29,0:13:54.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first was the head of engineering,\NFrank Maslen, said,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:54.65,0:13:57.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there will be no stars in this team.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.98,0:14:00.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need everybody.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.26,0:14:02.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everybody has a valid perspective.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.48,0:14:07.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Second, we work to one standard only:
Dialogue: 0,0:14:07.71,0:14:10.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the best imaginable.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:10.59,0:14:13.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And third, he told his boss,\NGeoff Tudhope,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:13.63,0:14:15.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that he had to butt out,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:15.60,0:14:18.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because he knew\Nhow disruptive power can be.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:18.86,0:14:21.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, this didn't mean Tudhope did nothing.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.69,0:14:23.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He gave the team air cover,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.43,0:14:27.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he listened to ensure\Nthat they honored their principles.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.19,0:14:34.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it worked: Ahead of all the other\Ncompanies tackling this hard problem,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:34.26,0:14:37.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this group cracked it first.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.74,0:14:40.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And to date, the Montreal Protocol
Dialogue: 0,0:14:40.34,0:14:46.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the most successful international\Nenvironmental agreement
Dialogue: 0,0:14:46.06,0:14:47.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ever implemented.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:49.40,0:14:51.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was a lot at stake then,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:51.94,0:14:54.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there's a lot at stake now,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.68,0:14:59.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we won't solve our problems\Nif we expect it to be solved
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.21,0:15:01.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by a few supermen or superwomen.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:01.81,0:15:05.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now we need everybody,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:05.31,0:15:11.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it is only when we accept\Nthat everybody has value
Dialogue: 0,0:15:11.54,0:15:18.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we will liberate the energy\Nand imagination and momentum we need
Dialogue: 0,0:15:18.59,0:15:23.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to create the best beyond measure.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:23.36,0:15:26.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:26.10,0:15:30.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)