[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.00,0:00:11.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The subject I wanted to talk to you about
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.00,0:00:15.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is why we are worried\Nabout climate change.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.35,0:00:18.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Climate change
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.70,0:00:24.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a thing that happens and has happened\Nsince the beginning of the Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.00,0:00:27.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is what we call the climate system.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.00,0:00:29.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, why a climate system?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.00,0:00:34.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The sun, which is the source\Nof energy of this whole system,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.00,0:00:39.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the one that gives us energy,\Nradiates energy to our system.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.61,0:00:45.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our system is composed\Nby the Earth, the ocean, the ices,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.84,0:00:48.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the atmosphere, the vegetation...
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.00,0:00:51.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All these subsystems or little pieces\Nof this climate system
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.00,0:00:53.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,interact with each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.68,0:00:56.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then we receive this radiation.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.00,0:00:59.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Earth also emits radiation
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.00,0:01:03.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is trapped by the famous\Ngreenhouse gases.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.00,0:01:05.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These gases,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.00,0:01:08.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,part of those that make up the atmosphere,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.00,0:01:12.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are responsible for making\Nour living possible today,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.00,0:01:15.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for giving us a nice temperature.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.47,0:01:17.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Greenhouse gases
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.00,0:01:22.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are natural gases that exist\Nin the atmosphere.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.53,0:01:25.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's here where we have\Nto start realizing
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.00,0:01:28.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that all of these subsystems\Ninteract with each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.00,0:01:32.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I mean is that if you change\Nany of these components,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.98,0:01:37.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this will affect the other\Ncomponents in some way.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.00,0:01:41.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, if you change the amount of radiation\Nthat gets into the system,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.00,0:01:44.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the amount of radiation\Nthat gets out of it,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.00,0:01:47.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the amount of ice\Nthat could reflect radiation,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.00,0:01:50.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,any of these changes\Nno matter how little they may seem,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.00,0:01:54.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will affect
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.25,0:01:57.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the climate in our planet.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.00,0:02:00.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, we know our climate has changed.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.00,0:02:03.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It can change for two main reasons:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.66,0:02:05.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,natural reasons,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.00,0:02:10.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for climate has naturally changed\Nover millions of years.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.00,0:02:15.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've been through ice ages\Nand interglacial periods, glacial ones...
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.00,0:02:18.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We all remember all of this is measured
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.00,0:02:22.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in hundreds or tens of thousands of years.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.82,0:02:27.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But climate can also change artificially
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.00,0:02:30.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or inducted by the particular\Naction of man.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.00,0:02:34.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's there where we start worrying,\Nthis is what we worry about.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.00,0:02:39.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Man is interacting with climate\Nin a way that is changing it
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.48,0:02:42.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why are we so sure about this?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.51,0:02:47.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are so sure because of this graphic,\Nthat seems a little too complex.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.00,0:02:50.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is what we have to show.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.34,0:02:51.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We scientists,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.73,0:02:53.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from our international organizations,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.00,0:02:56.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this subject is discussed world-wide.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.62,0:02:59.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can show, with that black curve,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.00,0:03:02.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what's the temperature observed
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.44,0:03:05.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since the beginning\Nof the 18th century up to date.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.64,0:03:08.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the mean temperature\Nobserved globally.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.93,0:03:12.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, we are able to know
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.89,0:03:14.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how this temperature has changed
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.72,0:03:17.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,due to natural changes.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.42,0:03:18.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.94,0:03:22.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,changes in the amount of radiation\Nthat enters the system,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.38,0:03:24.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,due to changes in the Sun,\Nsuch as sunspots
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.58,0:03:27.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and other changes the Sun suffers\Nin the amount of radiation it emits.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.93,0:03:32.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These changes would produce\Nthe temperature following the blue curve.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.26,0:03:34.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As you see it is quite\Nbelow the black curve.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.00,0:03:39.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In order to reproduce\Nreal temperature values,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.09,0:03:44.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have to include man-made\Nchanges in the analysis.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.55,0:03:47.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are able to know that these two curves
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.02,0:03:51.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are separated because of man-made actions.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.72,0:03:54.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we were just having natural changes
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.57,0:03:57.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,temperature should be\Nmuch lower than today's.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.00,0:04:02.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we can see differences\Nof, for instance,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.18,0:04:05.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more than half degree or one degree\NCelsius, that seems little,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.50,0:04:08.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because this is a mean temperature\Nof the whole planet.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.35,0:04:10.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Global mean temperature:\Nsummer, winter, poles, equator.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.00,0:04:14.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of these, merged,\Ngive us this mean temperature,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.96,0:04:17.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that may seem not so worrying.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.87,0:04:19.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, what are we really worried about?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.90,0:04:24.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We see these changes,\Nwe see how temperature,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.75,0:04:28.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the upper chart, has risen
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.17,0:04:30.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since 1850 until present.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.36,0:04:33.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We see it has a little\Nincrease every year.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.25,0:04:35.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it is increasing.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.18,0:04:37.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We see this accompanied not just\Nby temperature changes,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.00,0:04:40.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also by increases in the sea level.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.54,0:04:44.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why does the sea level rise?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.24,0:04:49.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The main cause for sea level\Nincreases is this:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.00,0:04:52.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the temperature\Nof the atmosphere rises,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.60,0:04:54.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the temperature of the water also rises.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.00,0:04:57.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The temperature of the ocean rises.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.19,0:05:00.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when temperature rises,\Nthere's an increase in volume.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.00,0:05:03.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As sea volume increases,\Nits level does so too.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.00,0:05:05.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is the main cause.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.94,0:05:08.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, ice melting also contributes,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.10,0:05:09.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that's not the main cause.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.89,0:05:13.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we see how it has systematically\Nrisen through the years.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.00,0:05:16.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we see how, in the chart below,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.32,0:05:22.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the snow coat decreases, for example,\Nin the northern hemisphere.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.01,0:05:29.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That means we know there have been\Nchanges in the whole climate system,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.00,0:05:34.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are more easily illustrated,\Nfor instance, by this case.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.73,0:05:37.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a glacier in Bolivia,\Nthe Chacaltaya,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.00,0:05:41.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that has been photographed\Nin four occasions.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.68,0:05:47.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We see the glacier in 1940,\Nin the first picture up on the left.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.52,0:05:49.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Next one is from 1982.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.92,0:05:53.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Next is from 1996,\Nand the last one is from 2005.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.01,0:05:58.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can see how the area covered
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.24,0:06:01.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by this glacier has decreased.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.03,0:06:04.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a direct effect\Nof the temperature increase in this area.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.00,0:06:07.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is Bolivia,\Nand that is a tropical glacier.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.00,0:06:10.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is how we can show the impact it has.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.00,0:06:15.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We clearly see that the increase\Nof temperature locally,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.34,0:06:20.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,although it seemed it had risen\Njust a little through the last centuries
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.51,0:06:23.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,-- only a degree Celsius\Nin almost more than one century --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.00,0:06:26.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the impact of these changes,\Non a local scale,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.00,0:06:28.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is much stronger.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.55,0:06:30.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, in the case of glaciers,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.00,0:06:32.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if one glacier disappears,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.100,0:06:36.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is a serious impact\Non the surrounding population.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.27,0:06:39.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Generally, the people\Nthat live around glaciers
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.00,0:06:43.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,drink their meltwaters.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.52,0:06:44.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Meltwaters from glaciers.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.99,0:06:47.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The water they usually use,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.00,0:06:50.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as for drinking,\Nfeeding, or cultivate,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.71,0:06:51.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,comes from these glaciers.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.00,0:06:56.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If the glacier does not freeze in winter,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.66,0:06:59.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there will be no water\Nfor these people in summer.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.69,0:07:02.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, we are observing this.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.82,0:07:08.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But how do we feel day by day\Nthat the temperature has risen?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.08,0:07:14.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've seen recent pictures\Nof the heat wave in Moscow.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.00,0:07:19.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The heat wave that hit Moscow in July,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.16,0:07:22.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and all the surrounding area in Russia,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.89,0:07:25.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had a big impact on the population.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.66,0:07:29.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The amount of deaths due
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.18,0:07:35.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to fire pollution\Nand high temperatures doubled.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.00,0:07:38.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This had also happened\Nnot so many years before.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.00,0:07:40.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2003,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.88,0:07:43.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was another heat wave in Europe,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.88,0:07:47.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very significant, where 15 thousand\Npeople died in Paris
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.00,0:07:50.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only because of the high temperatures.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.58,0:07:55.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Europe is, therefore, having\Nmore and more heat waves.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.06,0:07:56.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what does this mean?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.00,0:08:00.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're not necessarily having\Nthe temperatures that Male suffered.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.12,0:08:04.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It doesn't mean Moscow had temperatures\Nabove 40 or 50 degrees Celsius.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.00,0:08:07.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's measured in another way.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.20,0:08:09.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we see is that
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.10,0:08:12.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,temperature goes above certain level,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.00,0:08:15.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an amount of times per month.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.52,0:08:18.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example: in Moscow in July,\Na maximum temperature of 25 ºC
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.62,0:08:24.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is exceeded normally nine days per month.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.16,0:08:27.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happened that July?\NIt was exceeded 31 days.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.00,0:08:31.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every single day in that July\Nexceeded that threshold.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.00,0:08:34.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, day by day, what we feel
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.00,0:08:40.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that we have more and more days\Nwith high temperatures
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.00,0:08:43.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and less days with temperatures\Nbelow the threshold,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.00,0:08:46.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with cold and fresh temperatures.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.00,0:08:49.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is an example from Moscow,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.14,0:08:52.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but our research team here\Nworks on data from Argentina.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.00,0:08:55.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What has happened in Argentina?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.19,0:08:57.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do we know that has happened here?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.88,0:09:00.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In our country and\Nin the South America region,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.00,0:09:07.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've had, systematically,\Nless and less temperatures
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.00,0:09:09.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,under a threshold.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.39,0:09:13.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, we have less\Nand less low temperatures.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.00,0:09:17.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Especially in summer, we have\Na smaller amount of fresh nights.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.00,0:09:20.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That typical fresh summer night,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.46,0:09:23.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,well, that happens much less often.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.09,0:09:26.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And every time we have more cases\Nof warm temperatures
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.74,0:09:29.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in months that used to be milder
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.100,0:09:32.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as fall or spring.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.38,0:09:35.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, hotter days have spread over the year
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.100,0:09:41.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to October, to March,\Neven to April and May.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.22,0:09:44.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, we clearly feel that everyday.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.64,0:09:48.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not necessarily very high temperatures,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.33,0:09:51.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but especially temperatures\Nabove the threshold.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.61,0:09:54.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we've recently had\Nanother extreme event
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.00,0:09:57.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the city of Buenos Aires\Nand its surroundings,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.00,0:10:00.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were the southeast blows.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.50,0:10:02.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is a southeast blow?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.31,0:10:06.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a wind coming from the southeast,\Nor east, that is very persistent
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.32,0:10:09.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and does not allow the river\Nto flow into the Atlantic Ocean.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.32,0:10:12.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we don't necessarily have\Nmore and more southeast blows.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.00,0:10:15.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happens is that this southeast blow,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.00,0:10:18.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,added to a higher river level,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.14,0:10:20.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,produces a bigger impact.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.04,0:10:23.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, a change in climate will not
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.04,0:10:27.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,necessarily produce an equal impact.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.62,0:10:30.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The main consequences of the reports
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.00,0:10:33.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we submit
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.00,0:10:36.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that the poorest countries\Nare the ones to suffer more.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.00,0:10:39.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The countries with less\Nresources, less prepared,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.00,0:10:42.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,faced to the same extreme climatic event
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.00,0:10:45.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will have more losses.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.00,0:10:47.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They've had more losses
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.87,0:10:50.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and more serious consequences.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.94,0:10:53.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This has nothing to do\Nwith climate change,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.84,0:10:56.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the Haiti earthquake\Ncompared to the Chile earthquake
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.71,0:10:58.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,showed significant differences.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.00,0:11:01.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do we know about future climate?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.00,0:11:04.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This chart, that seems\Na little complicated,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.10,0:11:05.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,perhaps you've already seen it.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.64,0:11:07.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We know what is going to happen
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.32,0:11:09.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a very level of certainty.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.57,0:11:12.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we know that temperature,\Nthat's been rising,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.15,0:11:16.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that first black curve you see\Non the left, lower part of the graph,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.73,0:11:18.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's what has happened.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.14,0:11:19.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is going to happen?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.80,0:11:22.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It will depend on how society reacts,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.46,0:11:23.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what measures it takes.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.00,0:11:26.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To see which one of those curves,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.29,0:11:28.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if the red, the green,\Nthe blue or the fuchsia one,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.00,0:11:30.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is going to be our future.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.00,0:11:33.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We know there will be\Nan increase in temperature.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.02,0:11:36.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we know this increase will be higher
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.21,0:11:37.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the northern hemisphere.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.85,0:11:40.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because the northern hemisphere\Nis a continental hemisphere.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.69,0:11:42.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The southern hemisphere\Nhas a larger sea surface,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.00,0:11:44.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it reacts more slowly.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.49,0:11:48.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, again, impacts could be different.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.06,0:11:50.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're not necessarily related
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.29,0:11:53.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to how big the increase\Nof temperature will be.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.87,0:11:55.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, we know...
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.72,0:11:59.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are reports that show\Nall these types of results.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.00,0:12:04.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And all of these results emerge\Nfrom the reports of the IPCC,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.00,0:12:06.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that stands for
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.00,0:12:10.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.88,0:12:14.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a United Nations panel,\Ncreated over 20 years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.42,0:12:16.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which has obtained the Nobel Peace Prize
Dialogue: 0,0:12:16.68,0:12:18.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,along with Al Gore
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.00,0:12:22.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a couple of years ago,\Nfor its accomplishments.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.00,0:12:24.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a panel formed by experts.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.50,0:12:28.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am a part of this panel,\NI was part of the former report
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.00,0:12:31.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I will be part of the one\Nwe are initiating this year.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.00,0:12:36.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these results, given its accuracy,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.00,0:12:39.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are elaborated through many years.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.00,0:12:42.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just for you to know, the last report
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.00,0:12:44.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,came to light in 2007.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.00,0:12:46.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was a huge worldwide impact,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.00,0:12:49.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a lot of interest\Nin what results we were publishing.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.00,0:12:52.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That report was begun in 2004.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.00,0:12:55.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The next one is going\Nto be released in 2013.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.00,0:12:58.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we have to have a first\Ndraft for next march,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.00,0:13:02.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it is largely revised by experts.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.00,0:13:07.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every result is contrasted\Nwith different published works.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.00,0:13:10.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, what's the doubt?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.00,0:13:14.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why are there sometimes\Ndoubts about climate change?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.00,0:13:17.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are doubts\Nbecause developed countries,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.00,0:13:20.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those which elaborate future policies,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:21.00,0:13:24.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,take into account these reports.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.55,0:13:28.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From the results of the IPCC reports,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.00,0:13:34.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,policies are made for the future,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:34.12,0:13:36.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these are the big things we have to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.00,0:13:38.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What can we do about it?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.00,0:13:40.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, there are two main areas:
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.00,0:13:42.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,adapt to the change,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.00,0:13:46.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and/or try to relieve it.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.74,0:13:47.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What does this mean?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.90,0:13:50.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Adapting to the change:\Nwe know the change is happening.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:51.00,0:13:52.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We know the change will happen.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.00,0:13:55.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The better we know,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.00,0:13:59.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the more we know, and more precisely
Dialogue: 0,0:13:59.40,0:14:01.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how much the temperature will increase,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.42,0:14:03.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how will rains in the Pampas rise,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.32,0:14:05.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or how much it will stop\Nraining in Mendoza,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.00,0:14:07.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or in northern Patagonia.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.00,0:14:09.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The more we know about it,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:10.00,0:14:12.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the better we will be able\Nto adapt to these changes.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:13.00,0:14:14.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:15.00,0:14:19.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,man himself adapts\Nto those gradual changes.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.59,0:14:21.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But basically, what we have to do
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.80,0:14:24.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is work to relieve the change.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.80,0:14:27.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To try to stop emitting,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.00,0:14:31.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to stop rising the concentrations\Nof these greenhouse gases.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.67,0:14:37.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, we mainly need to stop\Nemitting carbon dioxide,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:38.00,0:14:41.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that comes from the use of oil.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.00,0:14:46.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From our homes, to save energy.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.02,0:14:49.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Try not to waste electric power
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.00,0:14:52.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by refrigerating large buildings
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.00,0:14:55.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are architecturally very well built,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:56.00,0:14:57.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but are not eco-friendly,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:58.02,0:15:01.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they need, for instance,\Na lot of refrigeration.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:01.30,0:15:04.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's well known that buildings
Dialogue: 0,0:15:04.32,0:15:07.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is where the cost-benefit of change\Nmakes a big impact.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.00,0:15:11.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, we know a lot of this stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:12.00,0:15:14.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're published in the reports.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:14.60,0:15:17.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, what is that worries us\Nso much about climate change?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:18.00,0:15:19.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mainly, what worries us the most
Dialogue: 0,0:15:19.98,0:15:21.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that no measures are being taken.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:22.00,0:15:25.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That no policies are being made\Nfor these changes,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:26.00,0:15:28.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to adapt to the change,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:28.65,0:15:31.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that the impacts do not\Nresult so negatively.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:31.31,0:15:36.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And even to, in some way,\Ntake advantage of some of these changes
Dialogue: 0,0:15:37.00,0:15:38.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for our country and our region.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.99,0:15:41.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:42.00,0:15:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)