[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:15.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Sound off till 0:39, \Nactual session starts at 2:04)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.53,0:01:08.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Indistinct conversations)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.01,0:01:18.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Moderator) So we've got one hour\Nand a quarter.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.00,0:01:31.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(confused voices)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.43,0:01:34.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do we know\Nwhen these things are going to be turned on?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.15,0:01:57.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(confused voices)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.54,0:02:01.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What? OK? Right.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.55,0:02:07.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Moderator) Ladies and Genltemen, \Ncan I ask everyone
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.37,0:02:09.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to take their seats, please?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.91,0:02:13.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're about to begin, \Nso if you're visiting the bar,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.12,0:02:18.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can you charge your glasses and return \Nto your seats, and then we'll begin.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.31,0:02:20.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've got an hour and a quarter\Nfor this debate.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.58,0:02:36.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, can I -- Welcome everybody to\Nthe Online Educa OEB debate.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.51,0:02:42.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not sure what number this is\Nin the series of debates that we've had,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.72,0:02:44.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think it may be getting up to our 10th.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.74,0:02:49.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I can tell you is that in the time\Nthat we've been having these debates
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.73,0:02:53.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that I've been chairing them, \Nmy eyesight has now gone so bad
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.87,0:02:57.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I can't possibly read any notes\Nthat I have without using glasses, so
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.94,0:03:02.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think we must be on at least our 10th.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.45,0:03:07.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I can also tell you is that \NOnline Educa itself, OEB,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.67,0:03:11.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this year is celebrating \Nits 21st anniversary.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.51,0:03:14.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I think that perhaps deserves\Na round of applause.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.55,0:03:22.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So happy birthday to Online Educa --\N(Applause) -- this fantastic conference.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.96,0:03:30.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And 21 years ago was a very difficult --\Nvery different world indeed,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.98,0:03:35.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when one thinks about the scale and scope\Nof change that there --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.85,0:03:39.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that has taken place in the last 21 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.50,0:03:50.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One statistic I was reading recently was \Nthat in the UK, in 1994, 21 years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.34,0:03:57.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there were only 67 mobile phones\Nper 1000 people.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.70,0:04:02.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But only ten years later, in 2004,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.11,0:04:05.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there were more mobiles in the UK \Nthan people.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.84,0:04:10.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that pattern of spread \Nof mobile communications alone
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.34,0:04:15.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has spread across the world and \Nin Africa, for instance,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.41,0:04:17.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those of you who have been to \NElearning Africa will have heard about
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.76,0:04:22.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the spread of mobile communications\Nacross the African continent.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.41,0:04:26.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in terms of the scale \Nof technological change,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.09,0:04:28.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the spread of that change \Nacross the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.42,0:04:33.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the change in that short period of time,\Nin these past 21 years alone,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.38,0:04:35.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has been enormous, and we heard about
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.95,0:04:40.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the scale of it in the opening \Nplenary session this morning.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.40,0:04:45.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We live in a world that is globalized,\Ninterconnected, hyperlinked
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.46,0:04:51.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that scale of change that we're \Nexperiencing and have experienced
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.62,0:04:56.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the last 21 years, is going to\Ngather pace and continue.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.30,0:05:02.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And all that is going to create a huge \Nchallenge for education and training,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.55,0:05:04.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is going to be at the heart
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.97,0:05:09.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of dealing with both the positive and \Nnegative aspects of that change.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.64,0:05:14.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's why the motion that we're \Ndealing with today, in this debate,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.72,0:05:20.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is so important, and why the whole subject\Nof giving young people the skills
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.32,0:05:23.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they need to cope with \Nthe challenges of this new world
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.59,0:05:30.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we all are going to --\Nthat we are creating, is so important.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.51,0:05:34.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've got four speakers, \Nfour panel speakers
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.96,0:05:37.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to open the debate this evening
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.90,0:05:41.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm going to ask each of them \Nto speak for 10 minutes,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.09,0:05:43.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then I'm going to --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.90,0:05:47.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,-- two of them will speak for the motion, \Nobviously,and two against --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.64,0:05:51.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then I will throw open the debate \Nto all of you,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.14,0:05:55.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but if you want to intervene\Nwhilst they are speaking,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.75,0:05:58.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we're having \Na parliamentary-style debate,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.67,0:06:01.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then you can try to intervene on them
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.72,0:06:04.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if they want to take \Nyour intervention,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.97,0:06:07.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then they can do so, but it will be\Nentirely up to you.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.51,0:06:12.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if they don't, then you can draw\Nwhatever conclusions you want from that.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.28,0:06:16.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I want to ensure that \Nwe keep the flow going,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.05,0:06:20.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I'm not going to let you bully them\Nbut I'm going to allow you,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.08,0:06:21.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you want to make a particular point,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.66,0:06:24.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or if you want to make \Na short intervention, to do so.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.22,0:06:28.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then after they've spoken, we'll\Nthrow open the debate to the floor
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.95,0:06:31.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you can make your contribution,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.68,0:06:34.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but do please realize that time \Nis of the essence,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.28,0:06:37.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so please try to keep it short and \Nto the point, succinct.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.99,0:06:41.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the kind of debate equivalent\Nof texting.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.54,0:06:44.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, no long rambling contributions,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.38,0:06:46.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I will cut you off \Nif you try to do that.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.38,0:06:48.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, very short contributions, please.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.88,0:06:53.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then I'll ask each of our --\NI'll ask one speaker from each side
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.15,0:06:59.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to sum up, and then we will take a vote,\Nand we'll do that by a show of hands.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.49,0:07:04.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I've also made it clear \Nto all the speakers that they may
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.50,0:07:09.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,say things that they don't necessarily \Nwant to be held to in the future,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.26,0:07:10.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I hope that you will understand that,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.80,0:07:15.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that this is an opportunity for us \Nto explore some of the issues,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.21,0:07:17.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but don't take it all too seriously,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.64,0:07:21.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and don't come and accuse people of saying\Nthings that you would --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.56,0:07:25.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they might not necessarily always \Nwant to be held to.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.16,0:07:31.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With that in mind, I'm going to ask\Nour first speaker, who is Jo Swinson.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.03,0:07:37.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jo Swinson, who is the former Minister\Nfor business, innovation and skills
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.27,0:07:42.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the UK's coalition government of\N2010 to 2015,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.74,0:07:45.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to speak first for the motion.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.47,0:07:53.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Jo, since leaving Parliament, \Nhas begun a new career
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.13,0:07:57.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and is involved in an award within\Na data intelligence company
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.80,0:08:00.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called Clear Returns
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.31,0:08:07.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she is an expert on the challenges \Nand opportunities of the digital age.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.51,0:08:09.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, over to you, Jo.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.50,0:08:12.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Jo Swinson) Thank you very much indeed,\NHarold.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.33,0:08:18.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'm absolutely delighted to be here\Nin Berlin at OEB.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.23,0:08:22.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A bit of a first, actually, the first\Ntechnology-related conference
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.88,0:08:26.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I've been to where there is a queue\Nin the ladies' loos!
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.86,0:08:31.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have to say I was particularly pleased \Nby that, not only as a feminist,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.84,0:08:35.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also as a Brit who appreciates\Nthe art of queuing.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.52,0:08:37.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it was good on two fronts.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.51,0:08:44.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, "This house believes that \N21st century skills aren't being taught,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.08,0:08:47.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and they should be." is the motion\Nthat I want to convince you
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.79,0:08:49.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to support this evening.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.47,0:08:54.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We absolutely need to be equipping\Nour young people,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.76,0:08:58.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and indeed, people at every stage\Nof their lives,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.44,0:09:02.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the skills that they need \Nfor the 21st century.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.62,0:09:05.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And our education systems, \Nand our wider society,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.84,0:09:08.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have an important role to play in this.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.63,0:09:13.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I will put it to you, this evening,\Nthat when it comes to technical skills,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.33,0:09:15.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it comes to social skills,\Nand vitally,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.82,0:09:19.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it comes to capacity \Nto embrace change,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.93,0:09:24.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are not yet rising to that challenge\Nsufficiently.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.06,0:09:29.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are very specific skills, \Nthere are gaps in science and technology
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.92,0:09:31.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are not being properly filled.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.87,0:09:36.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These shortages are causing\Nsignificant problems
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.05,0:09:38.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for businesses, for employers.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.72,0:09:43.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Half of engineering companies say that\Nthey have delayed taking forward
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.76,0:09:47.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,new products or services, because \Nthey have vacancies
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.75,0:09:52.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are so hard to fill, because\Nthe skills are not there to recruit.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.36,0:09:58.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Digital start-ups are often in real need\Nof software developers
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.35,0:10:00.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they cannot find sufficiently.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.44,0:10:05.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And companies of all sizes, grappling with\Ncybersecurity challenges
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.56,0:10:10.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,struggle to have the skills that they need\Nto take on those important issues.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.35,0:10:16.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As Harold mentioned, I'm now a director\Nof a company called Clear Returns.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.54,0:10:21.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's been going for about three years,\Nbased in Glasgow, and uses data analytics
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.93,0:10:27.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help retailers understand the problems\Nthey have with product returns
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.02,0:10:30.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and therefore successfully cutting \Nthe costs for retailers,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.37,0:10:33.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and resulting in better \Ncustomer satisfaction.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.38,0:10:39.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in our technology team of 17 people,\Nthere are 12 different nationalities
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.28,0:10:45.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not one of those people went through\Nthe school education system in the UK,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.64,0:10:49.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the skills are not up to scratch.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.84,0:10:53.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, there have been some improvements\Nand as to 2014,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.59,0:10:58.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,computer science has been introduced into\Nthe curriculum in the UK,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.04,0:11:00.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that is not the end of the matter,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.39,0:11:05.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because 11% of computer science graduates\Nare unemployed.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.28,0:11:10.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, that's one of the highest \Nunemployment rates
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.48,0:11:12.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for any subject discipline,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.04,0:11:16.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at a time when we have a huge shortage\Nof these very skills.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.80,0:11:20.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Something is going very wrong \Nwhen that is the case.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.83,0:11:23.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is not just about\Nteaching people to code.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.41,0:11:27.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fashionable though that \Nundoubtedly is at the moment
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.11,0:11:31.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it is necessary that we do have \Npeople who can code.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.12,0:11:34.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's not some kind of silver bullet\Non its own.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.86,0:11:39.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually, it's the building blocks \Nthat we need to be putting in place,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.34,0:11:42.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the things that lie before you get\Nto the point of coding,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.81,0:11:46.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the logic, the basic maths, \Nenhancing those skills,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.82,0:11:49.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that people can put \Nthose building blocks together
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.91,0:11:55.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and create an argument or a \Ntrain of thought or a mathematical proof,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.54,0:12:00.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or indeed, a piece of code that will\Ninstruct a machine to do something.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.64,0:12:04.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yet our maths skills \Nare also going backwards.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.67,0:12:08.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A King's College, London, study found that\Ncompared to the 1970's
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.23,0:12:13.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,young people today are significantly less\Nwell equipped in the field of mathematics.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.11,0:12:17.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's also worth pointing out \Nthat we are missing out,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.58,0:12:22.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it comes to teaching these skills\Non almost half of the population.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.02,0:12:27.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Only one in five A-level physics students\Nis a girl.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.75,0:12:31.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When it comes to computer science,\Nthat figure drops to 1 in 10.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.23,0:12:34.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, it's wonderful to be at \Na technology conference
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.68,0:12:36.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where there is a queue \Nin the ladies' loos,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.12,0:12:40.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but even at this conference, if you\Nhave a look at the speakers' brochure,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.23,0:12:44.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only 8 of the 35 main speakers are women,\Nso where are the women?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.67,0:12:47.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are missing out \Non that important talent
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.65,0:12:51.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who are not then getting the skills\Nthat we need for the 21st century
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.18,0:12:53.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to enable all of our economies \Nto flourish.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.40,0:12:58.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're also not doing well enough\Nat the social skills
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.48,0:13:01.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which have always been imported --\Nimportant,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.33,0:13:04.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I would argue, are even more so\Nin the context of the 21st century.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.47,0:13:10.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Employers have long complained that\Nthey get coming into the work place
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.22,0:13:12.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are not yet ready for work.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.75,0:13:15.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have to say there is that thing \NI've observed,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.72,0:13:18.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when new graduates starting out\Nin the work place
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.54,0:13:21.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,seem to be allergic to \Nusing the telephone
Dialogue: 0,0:13:21.10,0:13:23.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the purpose it was originally\Ndesigned for.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.40,0:13:28.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've lost count of the number of times\Nwhen, speaking to a member of staff
Dialogue: 0,0:13:28.85,0:13:31.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the particular project \Nthat they are trying to make happen,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.86,0:13:33.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it seems sort of stuck, and I say:
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.85,0:13:36.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"And what happened \Nwhen you asked that person about it?"
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.88,0:13:39.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Oh, I sent them an email and\Nthey didn't get back to me."
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.07,0:13:43.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, for all the wonders that\Ntechnology can undoubtedly do
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.100,0:13:48.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in helping us in our working life, when\Nyou want to get people to do something,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.01,0:13:54.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an email is very easy to ignore, and it is\Nmuch harder to just put to one side
Dialogue: 0,0:13:54.01,0:13:58.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a face-to-face person or contact, \Nor on the telephone.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.62,0:14:03.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And relationships are absolutely critical\Nto 21st century work places and skills:
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.74,0:14:08.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,getting things done, collaborating in \Nteams, motivating others.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.04,0:14:12.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yet when we assess children \Nand young people in the education system,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.36,0:14:15.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is genuinely done \Non a pure individual basis,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:15.76,0:14:19.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not looking at how they are actually\Noperating within a group setting.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.23,0:14:24.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when it comes to skills \Nin terms of relationships,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.30,0:14:28.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something like personal, social\Nand health education, which I would argue,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.60,0:14:33.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is absolutely essential to help young\Npeople learn to navigate relationships,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:33.49,0:14:36.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and important issues like consent\Nwhen it comes to sex,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:36.71,0:14:40.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's not even compulsory \Nin the UK curriculum.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:40.68,0:14:43.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In a world where ultimation is increasing,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.94,0:14:47.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where jobs that we've already seen through\Nthe Industrial Revolution,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.27,0:14:49.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that manual jobs have been replaced \Nby machines,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:49.44,0:14:54.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that with the next stage of technological\Nadvancement, many, many more,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.26,0:14:57.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in things like accountancy and \Nprofessional services,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:57.35,0:15:00.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are also going to be replaced \Nby algorithms,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.88,0:15:05.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the human social relationship skills\Nare going to be in even more demand
Dialogue: 0,0:15:05.84,0:15:08.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and therefore deserve much more attention.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:09.39,0:15:15.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And my final point is that we have not \Ndone enough to prepare people
Dialogue: 0,0:15:15.12,0:15:17.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the world of change.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.75,0:15:21.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A little while ago, I spoke at a School\NAward ceremony to 12-year olds
Dialogue: 0,0:15:21.99,0:15:24.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I was to explain to them \Nhow the world had changed
Dialogue: 0,0:15:24.100,0:15:26.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since I was there age.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:27.29,0:15:33.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one of the examples I used was\Nthe process of taking a photograph.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:34.35,0:15:39.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I described how, when I was 12,\Nyou would have a thing called a camera
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.93,0:15:43.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was all that it did, it was just\Nfor taking photographs,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:44.13,0:15:46.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you would have to get a piece of film,\Nphysically,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:46.79,0:15:50.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to load it into the camera machine,\Nyou'd had to do that pretty carefully,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:50.02,0:15:53.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because you didn't want to expose the film\Nand it was quite a fiddly process.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.21,0:15:57.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You wouldn't know whether the photos\Nyou were taking were any good.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:58.81,0:16:02.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You would have to take at least 24, \Nor sometimes 36,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:02.03,0:16:05.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,depending on which particular \Npiece of film you put into your camera,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:05.28,0:16:09.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before you would then take it along\Nto a pharmacist's or a chemist's shop,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:10.36,0:16:14.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pay some money and then go and do\Nsomething else for a few days,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:14.39,0:16:16.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at which point you could come back\Nand be presented
Dialogue: 0,0:16:16.44,0:16:18.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with your little envelope of photographs,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:18.19,0:16:20.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and see if any of them had turned out OK.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:20.81,0:16:22.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I was counting on these 12-year olds\Nlooked at me (check)
Dialogue: 0,0:16:22.92,0:16:25.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like I might well be lying to the,: \Nthis is how it worked,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:26.39,0:16:29.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of course these days, you know,\Nwithin a matter of seconds,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:29.24,0:16:31.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can take dozens of selfies \Nin your phone,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:31.20,0:16:33.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,apply however many Instagram filters\Nyou like,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:33.76,0:16:38.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and share it with the entire world,\Njust without leaving the spot.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:38.80,0:16:42.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The pace of change is accelerating hugely.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:43.36,0:16:49.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here in 2015, for us to consider \Nwhat even are 21st century skills,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:50.10,0:16:56.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is like going back to 1915 and trying\Nto imagine the space race, nuclear power,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:56.49,0:17:00.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the internet, or the kind of social change\Ngoing from a situation
Dialogue: 0,0:17:00.72,0:17:02.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where women didn't even have the vote,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:02.73,0:17:05.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to electing a woman as Prime Minister \Nin the UK,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:05.58,0:17:08.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the change with gay rights,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:08.34,0:17:11.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the ending of racial segregation\Nin the United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:12.24,0:17:16.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can't even conceive of all that \Nthe 21st century is going to bring.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:16.52,0:17:20.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, more than anything, with \Nthis huge pace of increasing knowledge,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:20.64,0:17:24.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more than anything, what we need to do\Nis equip people
Dialogue: 0,0:17:24.06,0:17:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to cope with and thrive \Non change and uncertainty.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:28.58,0:17:33.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And instead, we have bunches of kids being \Nprocessed through the education system
Dialogue: 0,0:17:33.04,0:17:36.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that doesn't look that different\Nto several decades ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:37.03,0:17:41.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we really do have a problem here,\Nin terms of the skills
Dialogue: 0,0:17:41.17,0:17:45.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we are teaching and more importantly,\Nnot teaching well enough.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:45.87,0:17:49.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whether it's technical skills, \Nwhether it's those social skills
Dialogue: 0,0:17:49.13,0:17:53.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or whether it's the vitally important\Nability to be resilient,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:53.04,0:17:55.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to recover from change and setbacks,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:55.16,0:17:59.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to apply yourself in a new way \Nto a new set of challenges and horizons.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:59.36,0:18:01.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are the things \Nwe must be focusing on,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:01.84,0:18:04.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we aren't yet rising \Nto that challenge.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:04.62,0:18:05.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Support the motion!
Dialogue: 0,0:18:05.84,0:18:15.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:18:16.08,0:18:18.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Moderator) OK, thank you very much\Nfor that, Jo.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:19.05,0:18:24.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our next speaker, who is going to speak\Nagainst the motion, is Allan Päll,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:25.30,0:18:28.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who is the Secretary General of \Nthe European Youth Forum,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:28.85,0:18:33.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is the representative body\Nfor youth organisations in Europe
Dialogue: 0,0:18:33.04,0:18:35.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he is an advocate for youth's rights.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:35.99,0:18:41.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He lead student unions in Estonia and\Nat the European level, and has advocated
Dialogue: 0,0:18:41.30,0:18:46.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for students' voices to be included\Nin educational policy. Allan, up to you:
Dialogue: 0,0:18:46.06,0:18:48.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Allan Päll) All right, \Nthank you very much, chair.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:48.46,0:18:53.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would like to very much support many\Nof the claims made by our opposition.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:53.49,0:18:58.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, when it comes to the question\Nand when it comes to this specific motion,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:58.04,0:19:03.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this house does not believe that \N21st century skills aren't being taught,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:03.38,0:19:06.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because, well, let me put it very bluntly\Nand very simply:
Dialogue: 0,0:19:06.96,0:19:13.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the whole notion of what are 21st century\Nskills is often just a bunch of nonsense,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:13.88,0:19:16.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if I would sum it up very briefly.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:16.11,0:19:18.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But let me go into it a bit more.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:18.68,0:19:22.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are many definitions of\Nwhat these skills could be
Dialogue: 0,0:19:22.84,0:19:28.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I fully agree that they do include\Neverything mentioned by the opposition.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:28.76,0:19:32.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, there are many other ways\Nof looking at it.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:32.06,0:19:35.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if we are to say whether these are \Nbeing taught or not,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:35.85,0:19:41.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even if we have a problem of the very\Ndefinition of what these skills are,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:41.08,0:19:45.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how can we say that they are \Nnot being taught so determinedly?
Dialogue: 0,0:19:46.91,0:19:52.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of the elements that can be \Nmentioned as 21st century skills
Dialogue: 0,0:19:52.99,0:19:58.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are simple things, as critical thinking,\Nproblem-solving, reasoning, analysis,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:58.63,0:20:04.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,research skills, creativity, curiosity,\Nperseverance, self-direction
Dialogue: 0,0:20:04.39,0:20:07.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,oral and written communication,\Nleadership,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:07.85,0:20:13.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,information and communication technology,\Nsocial justice, literacy,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:13.01,0:20:20.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,civic, ethical behavior, global awareness:\Nthe list goes on and on and on.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:20.83,0:20:26.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, indeed, many of those things, perhaps,\Nare not being taught enough,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:26.85,0:20:30.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or specifically enough, \Nin our educational systems.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:30.43,0:20:35.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that doesn't mean that \Nthis is not happening.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:35.17,0:20:37.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me ask you one simple question:
Dialogue: 0,0:20:37.08,0:20:41.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you believe that we don't acquire\Nmany of these skills
Dialogue: 0,0:20:41.82,0:20:46.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in our educational environment, \Nbe it in a formal setting
Dialogue: 0,0:20:46.71,0:20:51.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or a socializing moment \Nin your school or at university,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:51.19,0:20:58.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would we actually witness the pace\Nof change in society that we are seeing?
Dialogue: 0,0:20:58.52,0:21:02.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Almost all of us have gone through \Nthe educational system.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:02.15,0:21:07.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, we must get a lot of those skills\Nalso through that.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:07.50,0:21:11.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I do agree, though, \Nthat there is something to be said about
Dialogue: 0,0:21:11.51,0:21:17.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the question of how specific are we\Nwhen we look at those skills.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:17.12,0:21:20.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because that is true that most curricula --
Dialogue: 0,0:21:20.53,0:21:26.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,education is very much compartmentalized\Ninto very specific subject areas
Dialogue: 0,0:21:26.31,0:21:30.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're seeing an increasing trend\Nof those subject areas becoming
Dialogue: 0,0:21:30.66,0:21:32.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more and more specific.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:32.76,0:21:38.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And thus indeed, there is perhaps\Nnot enough emphasis on looking at,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:38.08,0:21:43.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or thinking really about are we acquiring\Nall those sets of skills
Dialogue: 0,0:21:43.76,0:21:49.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are important for our socialization,\Netc., our technical skills as well,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:49.28,0:21:51.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as mentioned by the opposition.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:51.98,0:21:55.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the things that I would like\Nto highlight is that
Dialogue: 0,0:21:55.40,0:21:59.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the schools and universities, and\Nvocational education and training
Dialogue: 0,0:21:59.91,0:22:04.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is not only about the formal \Nlearning outcomes
Dialogue: 0,0:22:04.08,0:22:07.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we are beginning to measure \Nmore and more.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:07.92,0:22:14.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is also about the social environment\Nat that very school or university
Dialogue: 0,0:22:14.14,0:22:17.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that determines a lot of \Nwhat education gives us.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:18.27,0:22:22.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In terms of specific skills \Nthat were mentioned by opposition
Dialogue: 0,0:22:22.52,0:22:28.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the lack of those skills, there are\Nmany variables perhaps to look at.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:28.68,0:22:32.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes indeed, we are missing out \Non engineers,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:32.49,0:22:39.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are missing out on also \Nstaff in medical sciences, in care.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:39.54,0:22:41.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We would need indeed many more people
Dialogue: 0,0:22:41.55,0:22:46.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to have those qualifications, \Nperhaps, indeed.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:46.04,0:22:49.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there is also a question of\Nwhat is education for
Dialogue: 0,0:22:49.83,0:22:53.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what are the requirements \Non the labor market.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:53.67,0:22:56.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And those two things, \Nalthough they interact,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:56.92,0:22:59.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they move at different paces.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:59.18,0:23:06.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So sometimes, we start to put blame\Nvery easily on the education system
Dialogue: 0,0:23:06.26,0:23:10.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for not delivering specific skills when, \Nfor example,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:10.20,0:23:12.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the structure of our education
Dialogue: 0,0:23:12.56,0:23:15.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,-- sorry, the structure of our economy\Nhas changed.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:15.94,0:23:20.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think here, it's an important\Nremark that we need to look at
Dialogue: 0,0:23:20.29,0:23:23.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,different experiences \Nof different countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:24.28,0:23:27.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you see countries where \Nunemployment levels,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:27.64,0:23:31.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even throughout the financial\Neconomic crises,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:31.04,0:23:35.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were record low, such as in Germany\Nand Austria.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:35.08,0:23:37.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if you look at youth \Nunemployment figures,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:37.92,0:23:42.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,youth unemployment also among \Nhighly educated young people,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:42.39,0:23:48.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in different areas, like Spain or Greece,\Nall around the Mediterranean,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:48.24,0:23:50.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they've been staggeringly high.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:50.71,0:23:54.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's not because \Nthe education systems failed,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:54.14,0:23:58.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's because the macro-economic systems\Nfailed them there,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:58.20,0:24:02.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in terms of not having enough job creation\Nfor all those skills.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:02.36,0:24:07.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course, there is something\Nto be said that when we train people
Dialogue: 0,0:24:07.84,0:24:10.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when we train minds \Nto think critically,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:10.100,0:24:16.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to come up with new and innovative ideas,\Nwe also change the world through that.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:16.04,0:24:19.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, we need to understand \Nthat interaction.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:19.20,0:24:24.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but certainly, when we look at \N21st century skills, well,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:24.27,0:24:28.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we are to define them with this broad\Nset of lists that I noted,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:28.91,0:24:33.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we certainly are gaining those skills,\Nbut perhaps, not specifically
Dialogue: 0,0:24:33.98,0:24:37.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not enough: that, we could agree.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:37.99,0:24:40.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When it comes to preparedness for change,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:40.88,0:24:46.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when are we ever prepared \Nfor the change to come, one might wonder.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:46.70,0:24:51.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Indeed, things, technologically, \Nare changing very fast.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:51.04,0:24:55.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And maybe our educational systems\Nare not embracing that technology
Dialogue: 0,0:24:55.71,0:24:58.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the same pace.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:58.11,0:25:01.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that doesn't mean that \Nif we would embrace
Dialogue: 0,0:25:01.63,0:25:06.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the use of that technology very quickly,\Nthat it would enhance immediately
Dialogue: 0,0:25:06.56,0:25:10.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the skills that we can describe as\N21st century skills,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:10.56,0:25:13.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as, for example, critical thinking.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:13.68,0:25:15.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are many advocates that say
Dialogue: 0,0:25:15.52,0:25:19.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we need to replace \Nsubject matter teaching completely
Dialogue: 0,0:25:19.64,0:25:22.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with horizontal level approaches.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:22.47,0:25:23.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that doesn't work.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:23.70,0:25:28.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we don't know the facts, how do we know\Nthat we are on the right path
Dialogue: 0,0:25:28.48,0:25:33.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with our decisions, how can we know\Nwhat really happened in the past,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:33.29,0:25:36.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not, how can we verify what is true?
Dialogue: 0,0:25:36.65,0:25:41.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when we look at the skills, we need\Nto look at the evidences
Dialogue: 0,0:25:41.48,0:25:45.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in terms of teaching preparedness \Nand pedagogy.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:45.79,0:25:49.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And yes, we agree: there is a lot \Nto be done there
Dialogue: 0,0:25:49.38,0:25:55.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in terms of measuring those essential\Nskills of socialization and communication,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:55.53,0:26:00.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,building relationships, and it is true \Nthat around, it's estimated,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:00.13,0:26:03.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around 50% of jobs in the service sector
Dialogue: 0,0:26:03.99,0:26:09.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are about to disappear in the next \N20 years and transform, hopefully,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:09.28,0:26:11.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into something completely new.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:11.48,0:26:19.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Finally, indeed, those skills, \Nwe can all agree,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:19.20,0:26:20.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need those skills.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:21.07,0:26:24.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there is an important element\Nof young people,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:24.85,0:26:28.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is a study that we have done\Nin the European Youth Forum,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:28.07,0:26:34.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they gain a lot of those skills also\Noutside, in non-formal education settings.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:34.72,0:26:39.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the key here is to see if we can bring\Nthose experiences
Dialogue: 0,0:26:39.16,0:26:42.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that young people gain from youth \Norganizations, activism,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:42.38,0:26:47.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into the formal education setting, \Nand thus make it much more open
Dialogue: 0,0:26:47.06,0:26:53.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to recognizing those prior experiences\Nas well, to overcome this shortage.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:53.79,0:26:54.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:54.91,0:27:02.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:27:02.48,0:27:04.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Moderator) Thank you very much, Allan.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:04.07,0:27:09.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our next speaker who is going to speak\Nfor the motion is Pedro De Bruyckere
Dialogue: 0,0:27:10.43,0:27:13.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who is an educational scientist
Dialogue: 0,0:27:13.59,0:27:17.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he has worked in Ghent in Belgium \Nsince 2001.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:17.81,0:27:23.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He co-wrote two books which debunk\Npopular myths on generation Y
Dialogue: 0,0:27:23.93,0:27:25.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and generation Z,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:25.50,0:27:30.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the latest one was entitled \N"I was 10 in 2015". Pedro:
Dialogue: 0,0:27:31.48,0:27:34.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Pedro De Bruyckere) OK. Good evening.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:34.23,0:27:38.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm a teacher, I'm a teacher trainer,\Nso I'm not used to standing still.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:38.40,0:27:41.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if you don't mind, I will move.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:42.47,0:27:46.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Allan, thank you very much for\Nmaking my point.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:46.81,0:27:50.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have to explain: I have to agree,\NI've written a book about it,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:50.85,0:27:54.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's no such thing \Nas 21st century skills.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:55.17,0:27:57.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's why they need to be taught.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:58.16,0:27:59.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have to explain this.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:59.36,0:28:05.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, if we go back in time, to see\Nthe origins of the 21st century skills,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:05.56,0:28:09.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'll end up with the liberal arts,\Nthe Septem Artes Liberales.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:10.33,0:28:14.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rhetoric, what we are doing right here,\Nthat's for me ancient history,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:14.92,0:28:16.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but still needed today.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:17.02,0:28:21.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the question is, \Nis this still being taught in school?
Dialogue: 0,0:28:21.58,0:28:27.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because, like ....... (check name) says,\Nmoreover we get a focus on the Three R's
Dialogue: 0,0:28:28.08,0:28:30.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,-- Reading, 'Riting, 'Rithmetics --
Dialogue: 0,0:28:30.64,0:28:35.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while most of the young people are\Nlooking to Snapchats.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:35.73,0:28:41.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But because of the focus, \Nbecause we want to test stuff,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:42.76,0:28:46.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the more important things \Nare being forgotten!
Dialogue: 0,0:28:46.64,0:28:50.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rhetoric, philosophy, for me, crucial.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:51.62,0:28:54.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To be honest, then, you don't have to look\Nat Ancient Times,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:54.49,0:28:56.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than you have to look at Medieval Times,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:56.56,0:28:59.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because then philosophy was added\Nto the Liberal Arts.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:00.30,0:29:03.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we need to train our children \Nbecause it's great to say:
Dialogue: 0,0:29:03.100,0:29:05.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Look at us: we've done it."
Dialogue: 0,0:29:06.47,0:29:11.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, but we are not talking about us,\Nbecause in 20 years' time, they will --
Dialogue: 0,0:29:11.90,0:29:18.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we will be old, boring and \Nother people need to sit there
Dialogue: 0,0:29:18.07,0:29:22.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and beyond stage, using rhetoric.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:22.24,0:29:24.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we need to prepare them.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:25.02,0:29:27.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not sure if we're doing a great job.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:29.41,0:29:31.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For instance, if we talk about technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:31.66,0:29:35.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,technology is often like sex ed\Nin education.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:35.36,0:29:38.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, you talk about \Nall the dangerous stuff
Dialogue: 0,0:29:38.50,0:29:41.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you never talk about the fun stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:43.84,0:29:47.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, it's very simple:
Dialogue: 0,0:29:47.39,0:29:54.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Don't do this, don't do that,\Ncertainly don't try that! Go ahead!"
Dialogue: 0,0:29:55.71,0:30:00.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And another -- for instance, McKinsey,\Nthe McKinsey report, 2014 McKinsey report,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:00.40,0:30:03.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,said there is\N-- and I agree again with you both --
Dialogue: 0,0:30:03.56,0:30:04.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is a mismatch.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:04.76,0:30:08.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is a mismatch between \Nwhat children study in school
Dialogue: 0,0:30:08.24,0:30:11.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and which topics they choose,\Nand what we need in the economy.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:12.07,0:30:17.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But at the same time, the employers said:
Dialogue: 0,0:30:17.35,0:30:21.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"You know, don't train them \Nto a specific job
Dialogue: 0,0:30:21.67,0:30:26.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"but train them in strategic \Nand communication skills."
Dialogue: 0,0:30:27.75,0:30:32.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, they have been around for ages\Nbut they are still important.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:32.64,0:30:35.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what do we do, for instance,\Nin many schools?
Dialogue: 0,0:30:35.87,0:30:39.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've been in schools in Holland, \Nin Germany, in --
Dialogue: 0,0:30:39.32,0:30:44.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know, we teach them how to write\Na job application.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:44.42,0:30:49.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We teach them how to perform\Na talk for a job.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:49.48,0:30:53.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do we teach them to write \Na LinkedIn profile?
Dialogue: 0,0:30:53.78,0:30:57.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No, what we say is "Never post\Na drunk photo on Facebook,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:58.15,0:31:01.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"because people will search you."
Dialogue: 0,0:31:01.30,0:31:03.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we don't say is:
Dialogue: 0,0:31:03.22,0:31:07.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"You know what? Post something good \Nabout yourself on Facebook,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:07.21,0:31:09.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"that isn't a selfie."
Dialogue: 0,0:31:09.60,0:31:11.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we think well, they will do this.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:12.22,0:31:15.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually, for instance research by\NJan van Dek (check):
Dialogue: 0,0:31:15.45,0:31:19.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's one of the stuff \Nthat our kids don't know.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:19.24,0:31:22.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if we don't teach them, who will?
Dialogue: 0,0:31:23.03,0:31:28.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's my point: we need to teach them\Nbasic skills like Jo said:
Dialogue: 0,0:31:28.22,0:31:30.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,communication skills, strategic skills.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:30.80,0:31:35.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you want to call them\N21st century skills because, by accident,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:35.78,0:31:39.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're living in the 21st century,\Nso be it.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:39.68,0:31:42.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)\NThank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:42.08,0:31:49.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:31:50.21,0:31:52.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Moderator) OK, \Nthank you very much, Pedro.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:53.09,0:31:59.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our final speaker who is going to speak\Nagainst the motion is Miles Berry,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:59.10,0:32:02.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who is the principal lecturer \Nin computing education
Dialogue: 0,0:32:02.85,0:32:06.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the University of Roehampton in the UK:\NMiles.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:07.10,0:32:09.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Miles Berry) Pleasure to be here,\Nreally is.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:09.52,0:32:12.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Philip and Gudrun, where are you guys?
Dialogue: 0,0:32:13.07,0:32:15.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, on the Twitter thing you say:
Dialogue: 0,0:32:15.32,0:32:18.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We need to talk about what the purpose\Nof education is, what is education for?"
Dialogue: 0,0:32:18.88,0:32:20.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's where I want to start.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:20.38,0:32:24.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to move back from the motion, \Nto think about what education is for.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:24.87,0:32:28.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And to do that, we need some understanding\Nof what education is.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:28.88,0:32:32.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've been in education \Nfor over 40 years now.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:32.91,0:32:35.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But even so, I checked.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:35.24,0:32:40.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the culture or development\Nof personal knowledge, or understanding,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:41.40,0:32:46.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,growth or character, \Nmoral and social qualities, etc.,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:46.71,0:32:50.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as contrasting with \Nthe imparting of a skill.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:51.04,0:32:53.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(blurred: check) ... is
Dialogue: 0,0:32:53.32,0:32:58.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, there's definitely a place \Nfor imparting skills,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:58.92,0:33:03.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that's training, not education,\Nand there is a difference.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:03.90,0:33:08.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My Roehampton students study education,\Nbut they are trained to teach.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:09.32,0:33:13.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,England's new computing curriculum\Neducates people about the principles,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:13.06,0:33:18.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the principles of computer science:\N(inaudible: check), I tell you.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:18.41,0:33:22.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(laughter) ... technology, I think \Nthe technology ran on me tonight,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:22.03,0:33:23.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's all right I'll give it...
Dialogue: 0,0:33:23.45,0:33:25.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(off) (unintelligible)
Dialogue: 0,0:33:25.37,0:33:31.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Berry) 21st century skill \N-- on knowledge -- (laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:33:31.31,0:33:35.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Knowledge that these things are the wrong\Nshape for my head: never mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:35.04,0:33:38.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, so: England's new computing curriculum\Nthat Jo has alluded to
Dialogue: 0,0:33:38.60,0:33:41.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,educates people about the principles\Nof computer science,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:41.96,0:33:44.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whereas we used to train them \Nto use Office software.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:44.68,0:33:46.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or think about sex.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:46.07,0:33:51.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Look, not like that: we rightly include\Nsex education on the curriculum in schools
Dialogue: 0,0:33:51.61,0:33:59.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we typically don't include training.\N(Laughter) Important skills.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:02.54,0:34:07.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do without the microphones. \N(Laughter) ... very well.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:08.64,0:34:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In England, our Education Act says\Nwhat education is for.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:13.55,0:34:18.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Firstly, it's to promote the spiritual,\Nmoral, cultural, mental and physical
Dialogue: 0,0:34:18.28,0:34:21.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,development of pupils and of society.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:21.47,0:34:24.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's to prepare pupils \Nfor the opportunities, responsibilities
Dialogue: 0,0:34:24.67,0:34:27.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and experiences of later life.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:27.40,0:34:30.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What else could education possibly be for?
Dialogue: 0,0:34:30.70,0:34:33.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In that, you just got to love laws\Nthat require you to do
Dialogue: 0,0:34:33.76,0:34:35.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what you'd want to do anyhow.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:36.37,0:34:39.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There does remain a question about\Nhow best to prepare pupils
Dialogue: 0,0:34:39.84,0:34:42.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for these opportunities, responsibilities\Nand experiences.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:43.08,0:34:48.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think the nob of the motion this evening\Nis about whether this should be done
Dialogue: 0,0:34:48.54,0:34:51.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through some sort of training\Nin 21st century skills
Dialogue: 0,0:34:52.15,0:34:56.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or by passing on the knowledge, \Nunderstanding and wisdom
Dialogue: 0,0:34:56.83,0:35:01.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of our generation to the next and I'd say,\Nthe latter.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:01.65,0:35:05.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've no problem with skills per se\Nin teaching.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:05.99,0:35:09.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Behavior management is a skill,\Ncoding is a skill,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:09.67,0:35:13.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so is searching for things on Google,\Nor even Bing.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:13.55,0:35:17.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK. I've some problem, though, with the\Nnotion that there are 21st century skills
Dialogue: 0,0:35:17.91,0:35:20.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'd agree with you on that.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:20.03,0:35:24.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But both of you have done a fine job\Nof demolishing that notion already.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:24.64,0:35:29.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've also some problem with the skills --\Nwith the notion that skills can transfer.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:30.32,0:35:33.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Skills are about accomplishing something.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:33.94,0:35:36.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a context to the skills,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:36.64,0:35:41.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I think we diminish specific skills\Nby attempting to generalize them.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:41.58,0:35:47.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It isn't critical thinking, \Nit's thinking critically about something.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:47.74,0:35:52.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not creativity, \Nit's creating something.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:52.56,0:35:54.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's not communication,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:54.24,0:35:58.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's communicating something\Nthrough some media.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:58.68,0:36:00.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The 'something' here matters.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:01.39,0:36:06.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's really not possible to teach skills\Nin the abstract fashion, without context.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:06.71,0:36:08.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the context is king.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:09.50,0:36:11.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whatever the specific domain,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:11.76,0:36:16.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,knowledge of that domain is necessary\Nfor expert skills.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:17.35,0:36:21.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My main problem, though, is that\Nwe've only a little time in school.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:21.34,0:36:25.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've other things to teach and\Nour students have other things to learn:
Dialogue: 0,0:36:25.68,0:36:27.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things like knowledge
Dialogue: 0,0:36:27.78,0:36:29.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and understanding
Dialogue: 0,0:36:29.49,0:36:30.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and wisdom.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:31.06,0:36:36.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Without these, skills are unlikely to be\Nof much practical benefit.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:37.26,0:36:38.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stephen Downes is here.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:39.56,0:36:45.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, nodding in his direction, I'd say,\Nlearning is about connecting things:
Dialogue: 0,0:36:45.16,0:36:47.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,neurons, ideas, people.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:47.50,0:36:49.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The computer scientists get this,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:49.01,0:36:54.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Google's page rank algorithm relies\Nnot so much on the content of the page,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:54.55,0:36:56.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the links between the pages.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:57.05,0:37:01.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The thing is then, the new stuff has to be\Nconnected to something.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:01.84,0:37:05.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Otherwise, it's just isolated factoids.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:05.28,0:37:08.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can't make sense of it, \Nwe can't use new knowledge
Dialogue: 0,0:37:09.06,0:37:14.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unless it's integrated into our existing\Nmental maps, our schema.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:14.67,0:37:18.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Put simply: it takes knowledge\Nto gain knowledge.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:19.27,0:37:25.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This apples to each of us as individuals,\Nbut it's also how civilization grows.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:25.63,0:37:27.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Human achievement is a cumulative thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:27.73,0:37:31.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,New knowledge doesn't normally contradict\Nwhat's gone before.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:32.21,0:37:33.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It builds on it.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:33.75,0:37:35.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If Newton saw further than others had,
Dialogue: 0,0:37:35.88,0:37:39.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was because he stood \Non the shoulders of giants.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:39.76,0:37:42.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What hope would there be \Nfor the next generation
Dialogue: 0,0:37:42.10,0:37:45.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if they had to discover everything \Nafresh for themselves?
Dialogue: 0,0:37:46.25,0:37:48.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The consequence of our building\Non what's gone before
Dialogue: 0,0:37:48.94,0:37:52.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that the pace of cultural, scientific\Nand technological change
Dialogue: 0,0:37:52.07,0:37:54.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,accelerates exponentially.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:55.03,0:38:00.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But even allowing for this acceleration\Nis knowledge, understanding and wisdom
Dialogue: 0,0:38:00.21,0:38:02.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which have done the test of time.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:02.19,0:38:04.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Less so, skills.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:04.39,0:38:09.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Expect new inventions and discoveries\Nover the next 85 years
Dialogue: 0,0:38:09.67,0:38:12.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and new practical skills to go with them.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:12.88,0:38:17.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But don't expect the foundational \Nshared knowledge of our civilization
Dialogue: 0,0:38:17.80,0:38:19.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to become irrelevant.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:19.92,0:38:24.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Indeed, it's on this very foundation\Nthat the new knowledge will be built.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:24.72,0:38:28.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not 21st century skills \Nthat young people need.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:28.73,0:38:32.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's 21st century knowledge, understanding\Nand wisdom.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:33.05,0:38:35.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Time, I think, for a quick case study.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:36.67,0:38:40.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The most successful education systems\Nand the top universities
Dialogue: 0,0:38:40.16,0:38:44.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,seem to organize their curriculum\Naround well knowledge-based subjects.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:44.92,0:38:50.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,England's new National Curriculum is\Nquite explicitly a knowledge-based one.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:50.43,0:38:54.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It sets out to provide pupils with \Nan introduction to the essential knowledge
Dialogue: 0,0:38:54.35,0:38:56.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they need to be educated as citizens,
Dialogue: 0,0:38:56.29,0:39:00.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to introduce them to the best\Nwhich has been thought and said.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:00.84,0:39:03.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the most radical things we've done\Nin that curriculum,
Dialogue: 0,0:39:03.78,0:39:06.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which many see as rather reactionary,
Dialogue: 0,0:39:06.15,0:39:10.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to have replaced the old ICT \Nwith a new subject: computing.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:10.71,0:39:13.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This includes an introduction \Nto the principles of computer science
Dialogue: 0,0:39:13.55,0:39:15.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for all, from age 5 up.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:15.18,0:39:16.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It has been my privilege \Nto be part of the team
Dialogue: 0,0:39:16.100,0:39:19.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,designing and implementing\Nthe new subject.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:19.60,0:39:23.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Under the old curriculum we offered\Na good grounding in tech skills,
Dialogue: 0,0:39:23.15,0:39:25.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,finding this online, \Nmaking a presentation,
Dialogue: 0,0:39:25.41,0:39:27.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,typing up stories, articles and reports.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:27.62,0:39:33.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes, even making a spreadsheet,\Noften about having a party.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:33.71,0:39:36.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do people really use spreadsheets\Nto plan parties?
Dialogue: 0,0:39:36.80,0:39:40.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are these fun parties? Are these \N-- OK (laughs)
Dialogue: 0,0:39:41.50,0:39:44.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was fine: pupils moved on to work\Nor the next phase of education
Dialogue: 0,0:39:44.62,0:39:46.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with some competence and confidence
Dialogue: 0,0:39:47.12,0:39:49.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and broadly speaking, were\Ndigitally literate.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:50.21,0:39:52.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our audit of new students \Nat Roehampton's
Dialogue: 0,0:39:52.09,0:39:54.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,suggests that broad portfolio skills,\N(check)
Dialogue: 0,0:39:54.52,0:39:58.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,two thirds regarded themselves as \Ncompetent, proficient or experts.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:58.48,0:40:02.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That said, it was all too often \Na bit -- well, dull.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:03.03,0:40:05.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a limit, or at least \Nthere should be a limit
Dialogue: 0,0:40:05.91,0:40:08.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the number of times you can \Nfind something out on the internet
Dialogue: 0,0:40:08.27,0:40:10.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and make a presentation about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:10.13,0:40:13.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Generally, it did precious little \Nto provide any real knowledge
Dialogue: 0,0:40:13.100,0:40:18.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or understanding of computation, \Ninformation theory or digital technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:19.33,0:40:24.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the same audit, less than 15%\Nof my new students
Dialogue: 0,0:40:24.24,0:40:27.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rated their understanding of \Ndigital technology
Dialogue: 0,0:40:27.24,0:40:29.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as competent, proficient or expert.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:30.09,0:40:31.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we started again.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:31.48,0:40:33.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We built on the idea of computing\Nas having three elements:
Dialogue: 0,0:40:33.93,0:40:37.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,computer science, information technology\Nand digital literacy,
Dialogue: 0,0:40:37.16,0:40:41.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the foundations, applications and\Nimplications of the discipline.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:41.20,0:40:43.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We took a leaf out of \NWilliam Morris's book:
Dialogue: 0,0:40:43.47,0:40:46.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Have nothing in your house that\Nyou do not know to be useful
Dialogue: 0,0:40:46.73,0:40:48.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"or believe to be beautiful."
Dialogue: 0,0:40:48.49,0:40:51.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And built a curriculum of things \Nthat would be useful,
Dialogue: 0,0:40:51.100,0:40:54.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also things that were interesting.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:54.51,0:40:57.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We took a view that the best way \Nto prepare pupils for a future
Dialogue: 0,0:40:57.65,0:41:02.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which digital technology looks \Nquite likely to remain important
Dialogue: 0,0:41:02.71,0:41:06.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was through providing a firm\Ncomputer science foundation,
Dialogue: 0,0:41:06.74,0:41:12.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things like logic, algorithms, \Nabstraction, networks, programming.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:12.44,0:41:19.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, coding would be important, but not\Nas a vocational skill for the IT industry,
Dialogue: 0,0:41:19.36,0:41:22.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but as the lab work for computing, \Nthe medium through which
Dialogue: 0,0:41:22.55,0:41:25.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ideas of computer science are created\Nand expressed.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:25.63,0:41:29.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Computing became part of our curriculum\N15 months ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:29.34,0:41:32.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's early days, but early indications\Nare very positive.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:32.100,0:41:35.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Teachers' professional development\Nhas been a challenge.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:36.32,0:41:41.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this hasn't been a challenge about\Npedagogical or technical skills.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:41.58,0:41:44.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Teachers know how to teach \Nand know how to use technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:44.63,0:41:47.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's just that they didn't know \Nmuch computer science.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:47.77,0:41:49.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are, by and large, willing to learn,
Dialogue: 0,0:41:49.95,0:41:52.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and many are quite enjoying \Nthe fast challenge.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:53.04,0:41:56.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't want to leave you \Nwith the idea that I think
Dialogue: 0,0:41:56.36,0:41:59.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,knowledge is the only thing\Nthat matters in education.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:59.90,0:42:03.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course it isn't: character matters.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:03.72,0:42:06.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm talking here about traits\Nand attitudes,
Dialogue: 0,0:42:07.12,0:42:15.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things such as curiosity and creativity\Nand courage of our 4-year old daughter.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:15.04,0:42:17.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She's a curious character.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:17.36,0:42:21.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She still has this sense of \Nwonder in the world about her,
Dialogue: 0,0:42:21.27,0:42:24.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that sense of Wow when she sees\Nor hears something new,
Dialogue: 0,0:42:24.12,0:42:27.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and still a willingness to explore,\Nexperiment and play.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:27.08,0:42:30.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She's at a great little primary school\Nand I shouldn't worry.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:30.88,0:42:35.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I do worry that her schooling \Nmight get in the way of her curiosity
Dialogue: 0,0:42:35.70,0:42:37.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it ought to be nurturing this.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:37.04,0:42:39.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As Plowden had it back in '67,
Dialogue: 0,0:42:39.71,0:42:42.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of the main educational tasks \Nof the primary school
Dialogue: 0,0:42:42.67,0:42:47.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to build on and strengthen children's\Nintrinsic interest in learning
Dialogue: 0,0:42:47.81,0:42:50.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and lead them to learn for themselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:50.41,0:42:51.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Moderator, off) 21st century skill?
Dialogue: 0,0:42:51.68,0:42:53.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Berry) But knowledge matters here.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:53.89,0:42:58.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's as Sophie learns more that I hope\Nshe'll want to learn even more.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:58.48,0:43:05.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With literacy motivation, and good WiFi,\Nshe can teach herself almost anything,
Dialogue: 0,0:43:05.03,0:43:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and does.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:06.42,0:43:07.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Creativity matters.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:08.53,0:43:10.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We learn not just though listening, \Nreading and exploring,
Dialogue: 0,0:43:10.67,0:43:12.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also through making.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:12.93,0:43:16.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't think there's some generic\Ncreativity skill, here.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:16.39,0:43:19.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I'd like my daughter to be creative\Nin her music and her computing
Dialogue: 0,0:43:19.42,0:43:21.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and her maths, and so on.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:21.54,0:43:25.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She's been making things for a while now,\Nbut as her knowledge grows,
Dialogue: 0,0:43:25.81,0:43:29.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm looking forward to her exploring\Nand drawing on that in her creative work.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:29.70,0:43:31.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Finally, courage.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:31.67,0:43:35.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She's a fearless explorer, with tons\Nof self-confidence.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:35.30,0:43:36.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Off whisper, inaudible)\N(Berry) OK.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:36.74,0:43:38.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want her school to encourage that.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:38.98,0:43:43.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,More importantly, I want her \Nto have the courage to tell the truth,
Dialogue: 0,0:43:43.08,0:43:46.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to stand up for those who can't stand up\Nfor themselves
Dialogue: 0,0:43:46.66,0:43:50.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to do the right thing, \Neven if it's not the popular thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:50.78,0:43:55.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, what should we be doing \Nto best prepare young people
Dialogue: 0,0:43:55.67,0:43:59.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the opportunities, responsibilities\Nand experiences of later life?
Dialogue: 0,0:44:00.66,0:44:02.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Passing on knowledge.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:02.68,0:44:04.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nurturing character.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:04.75,0:44:06.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sounds a bit old-fashioned, but honestly,
Dialogue: 0,0:44:06.81,0:44:10.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what better preparation \Nfor the rest of the 21st century?
Dialogue: 0,0:44:10.64,0:44:18.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.\N(Applause).
Dialogue: 0,0:44:18.90,0:44:20.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Moderator) Thank you very much,\NMiles.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:20.67,0:44:26.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right, it's now over to you and I think\Nwe've got about 25 minutes
Dialogue: 0,0:44:26.91,0:44:29.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for questions and contributions.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:29.48,0:44:33.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you ask a question, I'm going to ask\Nour panel speakers
Dialogue: 0,0:44:33.41,0:44:36.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not to answer it directly \Nbut to deal with it in their summing up,
Dialogue: 0,0:44:36.87,0:44:40.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just so that we can ensure that we have\Na decent flow.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:41.36,0:44:46.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you make a contribution, please,\Ntry to keep it fairly brief, well, brief,
Dialogue: 0,0:44:46.14,0:44:48.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that other people \Nhave a chance as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:48.19,0:44:50.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you've been very well-behaved so far.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:50.88,0:44:54.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Please don't feel that you need to be\Nquite so well-behaved now,
Dialogue: 0,0:44:54.59,0:44:56.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but now is your opportunity.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:56.44,0:44:59.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you want to speak, \Nplease just raise your hand.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:59.32,0:45:03.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bear in mind that if you're at the back,\Nit is slightly difficult to see you.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:03.15,0:45:05.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And can you, if I call you,
Dialogue: 0,0:45:05.03,0:45:08.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,please can you just wait \Ntill the microphone turns up.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:08.31,0:45:10.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who'd like to go first?
Dialogue: 0,0:45:13.83,0:45:17.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Would anybody like to ask a question\Nor comment?
Dialogue: 0,0:45:17.82,0:45:20.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, at the back on the left, there.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:25.27,0:45:30.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Participant 1) My question is short,\Nparticularly for Allan, I think.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:31.30,0:45:35.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why are critical thinking skills\Nimportant in the 21st century?
Dialogue: 0,0:45:39.17,0:45:43.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Moderator, off) OK. So that's one \Nfor Allan to deal with in his summing up.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:44.17,0:45:48.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anybody else, any-- \NYes, over on the right there, Yannis (check)
Dialogue: 0,0:45:50.43,0:45:51.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Participant 2) Thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:51.45,0:45:55.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think both sides of the motion \Nare saying it's not working.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:55.65,0:46:01.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So who's to blame, who or what is to blame\Nor who or what must we change?
Dialogue: 0,0:46:04.24,0:46:05.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Moderator, off) Thank you for that.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:06.50,0:46:10.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right, I'm looking for some contributions\Nnow, somebody who's --
Dialogue: 0,0:46:10.35,0:46:15.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, lady there, on the, \Njust by the aisle, there.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:15.100,0:46:17.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Participant 3) Whoops! OK.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:17.53,0:46:20.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hi, I just have a comment to all of you.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:20.51,0:46:24.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't see a huge difference \Nbetween your positions,
Dialogue: 0,0:46:24.01,0:46:28.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because you always seem to say,\Nit's important to have these,
Dialogue: 0,0:46:28.68,0:46:29.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whatever you call them.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:30.33,0:46:35.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Skills is a kind of a talent that you have\Nwhen you are born, or whatever.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:35.15,0:46:39.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You mentioned those things are important,\Nso what is actually the difference?
Dialogue: 0,0:46:39.56,0:46:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We just need to promote an environment
Dialogue: 0,0:46:42.00,0:46:48.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to let people develop \Nthose types of skills or talents.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:52.21,0:46:54.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Moderator) Yes, also on the aisle there.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:54.97,0:46:56.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Participant 4) Thank you. I want to --
Dialogue: 0,0:46:56.82,0:46:59.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Moderator) Would you mind just introduce\Nyourself briefly;
Dialogue: 0,0:46:59.60,0:47:02.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually, if people would just say \Nwho they are and where they're from,
Dialogue: 0,0:47:02.27,0:47:03.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that would be helpful as well.\N(Participant 4) OK.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:03.76,0:47:06.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm Denise Gaspard- Richard,\NI'm from the University
Dialogue: 0,0:47:06.82,0:47:09.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the West Indies and Caribbean--\N(Moderator) Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:09.67,0:47:10.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Participant 4) ..... Campus.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:10.87,0:47:16.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The board said to me, seemed to be saying\Nsomewhat of the same thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:16.20,0:47:18.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As you all were speaking, \NI kept thinking
Dialogue: 0,0:47:18.80,0:47:21.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about some employers' surveys \Nthat we have done
Dialogue: 0,0:47:21.91,0:47:25.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over a period of time in the Caribbean,
Dialogue: 0,0:47:25.15,0:47:27.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the ..... (check),
Dialogue: 0,0:47:27.11,0:47:32.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,soft skills are not really being taught \Nat University.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:32.44,0:47:35.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when a student comes out\Nin today work environment,
Dialogue: 0,0:47:35.89,0:47:38.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they can't carry out \Na decent conversation
Dialogue: 0,0:47:38.84,0:47:40.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and therefore they can't call up
Dialogue: 0,0:47:40.59,0:47:44.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,someone who is not getting\Nthe kind of service that they need,
Dialogue: 0,0:47:44.96,0:47:49.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they don't know how to communicate\Nin .............. (check) OK?
Dialogue: 0,0:47:49.53,0:47:54.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when I listened to Jo, I heard \Nsome of that coming out
Dialogue: 0,0:47:54.24,0:47:58.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm wondering if, probably, \Nwe have simply substituted
Dialogue: 0,0:47:58.35,0:48:02.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,social skills, or soft skills to call it\N21st century skills.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:02.99,0:48:05.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we have more or less seen \Nthe same thing
Dialogue: 0,0:48:05.48,0:48:11.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as we were seeing before we came up\Nwith this terminology. Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:12.23,0:48:13.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Moderator) Thank you for that.\NAnybody else?
Dialogue: 0,0:48:13.99,0:48:18.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, in the front row, there.\NJust down here, please.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:18.91,0:48:23.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is there a mike here in the front row\Non my right? That's it.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:25.51,0:48:27.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Participant 5) Thank you. \NMy name is Anne DeLorean (check)
Dialogue: 0,0:48:27.30,0:48:29.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the European Schoolnet in Brussels.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:29.67,0:48:36.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A comment: I think maybe we are missing\Nthe adaptive nature of human beings,
Dialogue: 0,0:48:37.36,0:48:42.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because society has progressed \Nthrough the ages because --
Dialogue: 0,0:48:42.66,0:48:45.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just because we are adaptive.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:46.51,0:48:51.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have not always had to be taught\Neverything we do,
Dialogue: 0,0:48:51.13,0:48:54.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we have to discover it a little bit.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:54.72,0:49:03.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think, as educators, what we need to do\Nis provide the -- at the area or the ethos
Dialogue: 0,0:49:03.51,0:49:07.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where this discovery can happen,
Dialogue: 0,0:49:07.59,0:49:12.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not necessarily that we have to provide\Nthe lessons to do it
Dialogue: 0,0:49:13.40,0:49:17.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but provide the means of discovery.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:18.98,0:49:23.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Moderator) Thank you. Let's have \Nanother one on the front, here.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:24.20,0:49:27.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lady on the front row \Non the left hand side here.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:31.25,0:49:35.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Participant 6) My name is Nikki Spalding,\Nfrom Higher Education Academy in the UK.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:35.51,0:49:38.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was wondering what do you think\Nis driving the rhetoric
Dialogue: 0,0:49:39.10,0:49:41.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,behind 21st century skills the most?
Dialogue: 0,0:49:41.18,0:49:46.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is it happy individuals and learners?\NHappy employers? Happy society?
Dialogue: 0,0:49:46.52,0:49:48.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or happy Government Treasury?
Dialogue: 0,0:49:51.24,0:49:52.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Moderator) Thank you for that.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:53.57,0:49:57.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, towards the back there, \Non the right hand side.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:09.78,0:50:11.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Participant 7) Lydia .... (check),\NPoland.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:12.06,0:50:17.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have concentrated on education\Nof young people.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:17.02,0:50:21.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what about education of people\Nat your age?
Dialogue: 0,0:50:21.76,0:50:28.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who and how (laugher) should you educate\Nthese 21st century skills or knowledge?
Dialogue: 0,0:50:29.80,0:50:34.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Moderator) Very good question indeed.\NSo, we'll come back to that one.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:34.08,0:50:40.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, we have a number on this side, in the\N-- where has the microphone gone?
Dialogue: 0,0:50:40.87,0:50:46.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, just at the front \Nof this little block there, thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:46.38,0:50:50.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Participant 8) Hi, my name is Mike Rauser (check), \Nfrom McKinsey and Company in Germany.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:50.67,0:50:52.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And my question is directed to Mr Berry.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:53.25,0:50:56.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where you've stressed \Nteaching specific skills,
Dialogue: 0,0:50:58.75,0:51:01.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,please correct me if I'm wrong, about\Nteaching specific skills in school.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:02.17,0:51:05.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do you account for situations where
Dialogue: 0,0:51:05.84,0:51:09.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a skill that may not even \Nhave been invented yet
Dialogue: 0,0:51:09.90,0:51:12.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,-- I'm thinking about say, \Nfrom an 1980 view point,
Dialogue: 0,0:51:12.71,0:51:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,15 years in the future, that\Nnobody knew what the internet was.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:17.00,0:51:20.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nobody knew it was going to be in there\N15 years later.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:21.45,0:51:23.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, very limited.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:26.71,0:51:30.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Off) I think the internet \Nwas invented in 1969.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:30.40,0:51:34.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(P8) (people speaking together) \NOK, I understand that, but in general--
Dialogue: 0,0:51:34.84,0:51:39.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Moderator) Can we -- If you could just \Ntry to make it a contribution
Dialogue: 0,0:51:39.28,0:51:42.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then they can respond \Nin their final remarks.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:42.24,0:51:46.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(P8) Sure enough\N(Moderator) OK (overlap)
Dialogue: 0,0:51:46.03,0:51:48.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(P8) -- that we don't know about\N15 years into the future,
Dialogue: 0,0:51:48.82,0:51:53.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or skills that are here now, that may\Nno longer be there 15 years into the future.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:53.63,0:51:55.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's hope that's a little clearer.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:55.44,0:51:56.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Moderator) OK, thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:56.60,0:52:00.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can I have some more contributions,\Nrather than questions?
Dialogue: 0,0:52:00.45,0:52:03.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anybody like to give their opinion?\NYes, on the --
Dialogue: 0,0:52:04.40,0:52:06.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think about the third row here.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:08.84,0:52:10.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Participant 9) So actually it's phrased\Nas a question,
Dialogue: 0,0:52:10.88,0:52:15.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but think of it as a contribution.\N(Moderator) Yes (laughter).
Dialogue: 0,0:52:15.77,0:52:17.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A rhetorical contribution.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:18.25,0:52:24.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(P9) So all of you have been arguing\Nfor or against 21st century skills
Dialogue: 0,0:52:24.70,0:52:26.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very convincingly.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:27.80,0:52:30.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you were always talking about\Nwhat they are,
Dialogue: 0,0:52:31.44,0:52:33.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not about what they aren't.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:34.03,0:52:38.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So maybe, if the question is phrased\Na bit differently,
Dialogue: 0,0:52:41.61,0:52:46.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you would need to make \Na more difficult point, so:
Dialogue: 0,0:52:47.19,0:52:50.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what do you think are skills that are\Nno longer relevant,
Dialogue: 0,0:52:50.49,0:52:56.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or knowledge that is no longer relevant\Nnow in the 21st century,
Dialogue: 0,0:52:56.52,0:52:59.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that was indeed very important\N200 years ago?
Dialogue: 0,0:53:00.38,0:53:03.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Moderator) What would your answer\Nto your own question be?
Dialogue: 0,0:53:03.16,0:53:06.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(P9) I would have to think about it.\N(Moderator) Right. (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:53:08.11,0:53:11.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right, at the -- right at the back,\Nwe've got two hands up there.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:12.25,0:53:18.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the back, somebody with a dark-colored\Njacket on -- that's it.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:18.53,0:53:20.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Participant 10) Mike Brown,
Dialogue: 0,0:53:20.06,0:53:23.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the National Institute \Nof Digital Learning in Ireland,
Dialogue: 0,0:53:23.04,0:53:25.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A question, but equally a contribution.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:26.28,0:53:28.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do you think, \Nwhat does the panel think,
Dialogue: 0,0:53:28.42,0:53:31.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,22nd century skills will be?
Dialogue: 0,0:53:31.18,0:53:35.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Particularly, particularly \Nif we fail to achieve
Dialogue: 0,0:53:35.47,0:53:38.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the post-2015 \NSustainable Development Goals?
Dialogue: 0,0:53:40.28,0:53:43.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Moderator) Right. Next to -- \Nat the back, there.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:44.07,0:53:46.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Participant 11) I think \Nwe've lost the plot.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:46.08,0:53:50.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,30 years ago, many students started\Novertaking the teachers in knowledge.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:50.72,0:53:57.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our school server was looked after\Nby students, pupils, rather than teachers,
Dialogue: 0,0:53:57.36,0:53:58.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they couldn't do it.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:58.64,0:54:00.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that happens all the while.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:00.38,0:54:03.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Medical patients are getting \Nmore knowledge than the doctors,
Dialogue: 0,0:54:03.86,0:54:06.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they search the internet\Nbefore they go to the doctor's
Dialogue: 0,0:54:06.30,0:54:07.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about their own disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:07.60,0:54:10.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I think we have got no chance,\Nwe can't teach anymore.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:11.51,0:54:15.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Moderator) OK, thank you for that.\NSomebody standing up there --
Dialogue: 0,0:54:15.66,0:54:19.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, with the hat on.\NHello, Clark (check)?
Dialogue: 0,0:54:19.15,0:54:22.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Participant 12) Yes. Hi, my name is \NElijah from Sweden
Dialogue: 0,0:54:22.31,0:54:26.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I work with a software company\Ndeveloping ideation software.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:27.36,0:54:31.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My contribution is that I wonder\Nif we should not dig even deeper
Dialogue: 0,0:54:31.20,0:54:34.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and see if this is a structural problem,\Nbecause I'd like to say that these skills
Dialogue: 0,0:54:34.62,0:54:36.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are being taught.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:36.11,0:54:39.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We see today that people are in two\Ndifferent types of networks:
Dialogue: 0,0:54:39.05,0:54:43.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they are in centralized or distributed\Nnetworks at work or at school,
Dialogue: 0,0:54:43.54,0:54:45.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but distributed in their spare time.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:46.12,0:54:48.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we see also that \Nthese different types of network
Dialogue: 0,0:54:48.49,0:54:51.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cultivate different types of values.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:51.30,0:54:53.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it could be an organizational problem,
Dialogue: 0,0:54:53.08,0:54:55.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also a value problem, \Nif we dig even deeper.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:56.12,0:54:59.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, \Nfrom advertising to conversation
Dialogue: 0,0:54:59.60,0:55:04.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from ownership to sharing,\Nfrom profit to growth --
Dialogue: 0,0:55:04.63,0:55:07.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sorry, from profit to sustainability,\Nand so on.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:07.03,0:55:10.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So my contribution is basically, maybe\Nthe problem is even deeper,
Dialogue: 0,0:55:10.91,0:55:13.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe it has to do about \Nhow we are organized,
Dialogue: 0,0:55:13.07,0:55:16.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the values that those organizations\Ncultivate.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:16.97,0:55:20.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Moderator) Thank you for that\N(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:55:20.94,0:55:25.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, down in the front block here,\Nin the middle.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:26.95,0:55:29.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Participant 13) I'm Cory Doctorow, \Nfrom the morning plenary.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:31.29,0:55:34.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It seems to me that education has been\Nrefactored over the last several decades
Dialogue: 0,0:55:34.96,0:55:38.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a kind of factory, \Nwhose product is educated children,
Dialogue: 0,0:55:38.31,0:55:39.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with teachers as employees,
Dialogue: 0,0:55:39.66,0:55:44.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the board of directors as the Ministry\Nof Education, God help us, Michael Gove,
Dialogue: 0,0:55:44.21,0:55:45.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the CEO.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:45.27,0:55:46.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And\N(laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:55:46.33,0:55:50.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it seems like, when you organize\Nsomething around the idea
Dialogue: 0,0:55:50.80,0:55:53.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the public are shareholders and that \Nwe're doing something that's a business,
Dialogue: 0,0:55:53.94,0:55:56.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have to have a quarterly report\Nwhere some numbers go up
Dialogue: 0,0:55:56.94,0:55:58.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to show that the business is thriving.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:58.66,0:56:00.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as a result, we are reify things
Dialogue: 0,0:56:00.40,0:56:02.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are not \Npedagogically supported,
Dialogue: 0,0:56:02.12,0:56:04.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like attendance and \Nstandardized test scores,
Dialogue: 0,0:56:04.88,0:56:08.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than things that are pedagogically\Nsupported as being real learning,
Dialogue: 0,0:56:08.94,0:56:12.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are often not quantifiable\Nand are difficult to recognize,
Dialogue: 0,0:56:12.68,0:56:16.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,except as a kind of creative fog\Nthat you see your students in,
Dialogue: 0,0:56:16.33,0:56:21.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where they are excited and \Nare really chasing knowledge.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:21.63,0:56:24.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so now we're -- can be obsessed\Nwith turning children into
Dialogue: 0,0:56:24.14,0:56:26.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,second-rate spreadsheets or \Nthird-rate spellcheckers,
Dialogue: 0,0:56:26.95,0:56:29.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead of teaching them arithmetic\Nand language.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:30.15,0:56:32.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It seems like a focus on skills,
Dialogue: 0,0:56:32.80,0:56:36.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without reference to the way \Nthat we frame education,
Dialogue: 0,0:56:36.13,0:56:37.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gets us nowhere.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:37.72,0:56:40.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Adding standardized tests' outcomes\Nwhere we look at
Dialogue: 0,0:56:40.59,0:56:43.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether or not you've acquired \N21st century skills,
Dialogue: 0,0:56:43.50,0:56:47.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ignores the fact that anything \Nthat you try to teach,
Dialogue: 0,0:56:47.75,0:56:50.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the only way you're evaluated\Nis with high-stake testing,
Dialogue: 0,0:56:51.64,0:56:52.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gives you nothing,
Dialogue: 0,0:56:52.57,0:56:55.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,except for someone who has been \Ncrammed full of a bunch of facts
Dialogue: 0,0:56:55.80,0:56:57.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they'll promptly forget\Nwhen they leave school,
Dialogue: 0,0:56:57.57,0:56:59.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and no synthetic capability.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:00.88,0:57:02.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Moderator) Thank you for that.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:02.27,0:57:06.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, on the side of this block here,\Non the left.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:09.29,0:57:12.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Participant 14) Thank you. \NI am ..... (check) from the Investor Malawi.\N
Dialogue: 0,0:57:13.74,0:57:17.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My question is, I don't know whether \Nwe know what we're talking about.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:18.95,0:57:22.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)\NIn Africa, we believe that
Dialogue: 0,0:57:22.67,0:57:24.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you don't know where you're going,
Dialogue: 0,0:57:24.37,0:57:26.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even the Lord can't take you there. (check)
Dialogue: 0,0:57:27.78,0:57:31.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are we changing education, \Nalthough we are using,
Dialogue: 0,0:57:31.40,0:57:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we attempt to coexist two educations,\Nor we are neglecting education. Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:38.37,0:57:42.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Moderator) Thank you. Yes, in the middle\Nof the front block again,
Dialogue: 0,0:57:42.37,0:57:44.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then I'll come over to this one.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:45.30,0:57:48.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Participant 15) Hi, Olaf ........ from ....\NUniversity of Applied Science.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:48.15,0:57:51.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a university of applied science,\Nwe're teaching skills like hell:
Dialogue: 0,0:57:51.98,0:57:56.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,social skills, soft skills,\Ntechnical skills, all this stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:56.18,0:57:58.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But maybe we are missing out the values\Nbehind these skills,
Dialogue: 0,0:57:58.49,0:58:01.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they aren't the things \Nin the future. (check)
Dialogue: 0,0:58:02.57,0:58:07.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Moderator) Thank you. Let's go\Ninto this block in the front here,
Dialogue: 0,0:58:08.24,0:58:13.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the right hand side, the -- the lady \Nthere, I think, just in front of the camera.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:14.34,0:58:15.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Participant 16) My name is\NLisa .......... (check)
Dialogue: 0,0:58:15.84,0:58:18.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I work at Rosetta Stone (check) \Nin the United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:18.36,0:58:23.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think my comment really builds on some \Nof the things that Cory Doctorow said.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:24.18,0:58:26.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You could argue that the premise \Nthat we are arguing
Dialogue: 0,0:58:26.86,0:58:28.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is actually the wrong question.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:28.80,0:58:33.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not important, we -- just teaching\Nthe 21st century skills isn't enough.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:33.52,0:58:36.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those skills have to be honed, practiced\Nand applied,
Dialogue: 0,0:58:36.07,0:58:37.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for them to do anything.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:37.53,0:58:39.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's not about the teaching, it's about
Dialogue: 0,0:58:39.09,0:58:41.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what should the students do \Nwith the teaching after that.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:42.85,0:58:45.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Moderator) Thank you for that.\NLet's have another one on this side.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:47.00,0:58:49.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One here on the front -- front row.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:53.88,0:58:56.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Participant 17) Good evening, I'm \N.......... (check) of the European Schoolnet,
Dialogue: 0,0:58:56.24,0:59:01.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to be also a bit provocative and\NI'm thinking about the role you mentioned.
Dialogue: 0,0:59:01.27,0:59:02.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's the role of education?
Dialogue: 0,0:59:02.88,0:59:06.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are we pushed by industry to deliver\Ncertain things or not?
Dialogue: 0,0:59:06.89,0:59:10.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'm thinking, what's the role\Nof the parents in all that?
Dialogue: 0,0:59:10.75,0:59:15.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is it maybe the role of the parents\Nto teach these kinds of things?
Dialogue: 0,0:59:15.77,0:59:18.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You talked, Miles, \Nabout character building
Dialogue: 0,0:59:19.04,0:59:21.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I think there are certain things\Nschool can do,
Dialogue: 0,0:59:21.72,0:59:26.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I have, at least for my generation,\Na little bit of feeling that parents, also
Dialogue: 0,0:59:26.44,0:59:31.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shift a little bit, sometimes,\Nthe responsibility to school,
Dialogue: 0,0:59:31.96,0:59:37.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to technology, and maybe it's time\Nto be a good parent again.
Dialogue: 0,0:59:38.23,0:59:40.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Moderator) Thank you for that.\N(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:59:40.08,0:59:43.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right at the back, there, \Non the right hand side,
Dialogue: 0,0:59:44.13,0:59:45.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,right at the back in the middle.
Dialogue: 0,0:59:48.77,0:59:51.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Participant 18) Hi: Bernard Sander\Nfrom New York University.
Dialogue: 0,0:59:52.62,0:59:55.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I grew up developing my own film,
Dialogue: 0,0:59:55.72,0:59:58.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,though I'm a pretty adequate digital\Nphotographer,
Dialogue: 0,0:59:58.36,1:00:03.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I did research using card catalogs and \Npaper indexes and microfiche,
Dialogue: 0,1:00:03.75,1:00:07.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I am a more than adequate \Ndigital researcher.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:08.56,1:00:11.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think the story is the same\Nfor most of the people in the room.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:11.29,1:00:14.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the question really is, what was\Ninadequate about my education?
Dialogue: 0,1:00:16.34,1:00:19.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nothing I did in the 20th century\Nhasn't prepared me
Dialogue: 0,1:00:19.59,1:00:22.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for what 21st century has begun.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:23.41,1:00:25.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as long as I'm competent
Dialogue: 0,1:00:26.31,1:00:30.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in my capacity to search \Nfor new information
Dialogue: 0,1:00:30.08,1:00:35.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in being willing to put any effort\Nto acquire new skills,
Dialogue: 0,1:00:36.03,1:00:38.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't feel that I'm unprepared,
Dialogue: 0,1:00:38.14,1:00:41.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I don't frankly think that any student\Nis really unprepared,
Dialogue: 0,1:00:41.06,1:00:42.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as long as they have that.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:42.72,1:00:50.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what is it that the 21st century brings\Nthat is so unique,
Dialogue: 0,1:00:50.99,1:00:53.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,other than the fact that \Nthey can make a mistake
Dialogue: 0,1:00:53.27,1:00:56.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and be seen by everybody all at once\Nin three seconds,
Dialogue: 0,1:00:57.13,1:00:59.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,right? you know, so that's fun.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:59.08,1:01:03.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But other than that little piece,\Nwhat's new?
Dialogue: 0,1:01:05.71,1:01:07.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Moderator) OK.Thank you for that.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:07.14,1:01:12.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right at the back, against the wall,\Nwith a red tie. That's it.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:16.35,1:01:17.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Participant 19) I'm Eric Balance (check)
Dialogue: 0,1:01:17.48,1:01:23.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm from the Education, Audiovisual\Nand Culture Executive Agency.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:24.18,1:01:26.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're talking about skills,
Dialogue: 0,1:01:27.48,1:01:32.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because our employers tell us \Nthat our kids don't have them.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:33.14,1:01:38.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why are we not asking about the skills,\Nnot the employers,
Dialogue: 0,1:01:38.06,1:01:40.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but society is asking for?
Dialogue: 0,1:01:45.64,1:01:49.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Moderator) Yes, next door \Nto the last speaker.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:50.38,1:01:51.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Participant 20) Kat Sanford (check) \Nfrom the UK.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:51.86,1:01:54.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've changed jobs now, \Nbut in a previous life
Dialogue: 0,1:01:54.23,1:01:58.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've worked with many, many teachers,\Nprimary and secondary,
Dialogue: 0,1:01:58.34,1:02:01.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they will tell you that \Nall of the skills you're talking about,
Dialogue: 0,1:02:01.92,1:02:06.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with creativity, adaptation, rhetoric,
Dialogue: 0,1:02:06.28,1:02:09.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of them are what they are \Ntrying to teach,
Dialogue: 0,1:02:09.56,1:02:12.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they are not delivering \Nstandardized tests.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:13.06,1:02:14.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the question is,
Dialogue: 0,1:02:14.73,1:02:18.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,do we want the education system to be\Ntold to do a certain thing
Dialogue: 0,1:02:18.83,1:02:21.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or are we trying to encourage it\Nfrom the inside?
Dialogue: 0,1:02:21.42,1:02:23.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because I think they are two \Ndifferent things.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:24.56,1:02:27.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Moderator) Yes (Applause).\NThank you for that.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:27.69,1:02:30.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the front row here, \Non the left hand side.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:33.18,1:02:35.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Participant 21) Yes, hello, \Nthis is Philip from IBA
Dialogue: 0,1:02:35.21,1:02:39.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I wonder if we're not discussing\Non a completely too advanced level.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:39.57,1:02:42.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I just got an email from the school\Nof my son, today,
Dialogue: 0,1:02:42.87,1:02:47.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the school council had decided\Nthat -- and that was the name --
Dialogue: 0,1:02:47.25,1:02:48.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that game boys should be left home.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:50.06,1:02:55.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which makes me think if what we're \Ndiscussing here is not way away
Dialogue: 0,1:02:55.29,1:02:57.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from what the reality looks like,
Dialogue: 0,1:02:57.88,1:03:01.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we're here sitting and discussing \Nreally interesting topics,
Dialogue: 0,1:03:01.72,1:03:06.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in our ideal state of mind,\Nit's something like that.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:06.17,1:03:09.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then I go out and see people like\NDonald Trump who are a result
Dialogue: 0,1:03:09.22,1:03:11.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of our education system,
Dialogue: 0,1:03:11.26,1:03:15.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is a reason for shutting \Nthe whole thing down, I think.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:15.83,1:03:18.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter, applause)
Dialogue: 0,1:03:18.65,1:03:23.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Moderator) Thank you for that. Yes,\Nanother one here, in the front block.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:30.16,1:03:35.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Participant 22) Hello, I come from \Nthe University of Oslo, Norway,
Dialogue: 0,1:03:35.94,1:03:37.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...... (check name).
Dialogue: 0,1:03:38.30,1:03:41.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was quite a lot of investigation \Nin Norway, a few years back.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:41.97,1:03:44.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They asked employers, I would like to go\Nto employers:
Dialogue: 0,1:03:45.31,1:03:47.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What kinds of skills are you looking for
Dialogue: 0,1:03:47.08,1:03:49.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"in a candidate that you consider \Nemploying?"
Dialogue: 0,1:03:49.96,1:03:53.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the first one was: \Nability to cooperate.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:53.98,1:03:56.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then we asked to ourselves,\Nare we doing that?
Dialogue: 0,1:03:56.54,1:04:01.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then the next one on the list was\Nability to attain new knowledge;
Dialogue: 0,1:04:01.98,1:04:05.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,next, ability to think independently\Nand critically;
Dialogue: 0,1:04:06.23,1:04:10.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,communication skills; ability \Nto use knowledge in new fields;
Dialogue: 0,1:04:10.95,1:04:14.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ability to establish contact \Nand building relations.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:14.16,1:04:19.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And again, we're not doing these things,\Nwe're not -- kind of.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:19.51,1:04:25.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Point 7 on the list was good theoretical\Nknowledge in your field of science.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:25.25,1:04:27.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's what we're doing all the time.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:27.20,1:04:29.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean it's great to see \Nso many people here
Dialogue: 0,1:04:29.45,1:04:36.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but let's face it, most people\Nare not here. (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,1:04:36.80,1:04:43.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That means that lectures -- I mean it's \Ngreat to see many people at this meeting,
Dialogue: 0,1:04:43.22,1:04:48.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,concerned with teaching in general,\Nbut the fact is that most lectures,
Dialogue: 0,1:04:49.25,1:04:53.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,say basic course in first year mathematic,\Nwhatever, at my university,
Dialogue: 0,1:04:53.34,1:04:57.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are being taught today in exactly \Nthe same way as when I was a student,
Dialogue: 0,1:04:58.44,1:04:59.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thirty years ago.
Dialogue: 0,1:04:59.76,1:05:02.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's why this conference \Nis important, and
Dialogue: 0,1:05:02.65,1:05:06.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's why we need to provide students --\Nsome people have to take responsibility
Dialogue: 0,1:05:06.44,1:05:10.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to provide students with the skills \Nthat employers need.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:11.74,1:05:13.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,1:05:13.06,1:05:14.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Moderator) Thank you.\NThere was another question
Dialogue: 0,1:05:14.24,1:05:17.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just near to the last speaker, \Nin the same block,
Dialogue: 0,1:05:17.55,1:05:22.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the lady there, just the row in front,\NI think.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:25.99,1:05:28.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Participant 23) Hi, Lisa, \Nwith the Global Business School Network.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:29.25,1:05:30.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And ........ (check)
Dialogue: 0,1:05:30.66,1:05:35.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,perhaps it's not just what skills \Nwe're teaching, but more so
Dialogue: 0,1:05:35.12,1:05:39.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what 21st century pedagogical skills\Nthat we're using, in that
Dialogue: 0,1:05:39.50,1:05:42.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes it's just as important\Nhow it's being taught
Dialogue: 0,1:05:42.51,1:05:43.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than what is being taught.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:43.67,1:05:46.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think back to my college and\Nin some of the courses,
Dialogue: 0,1:05:46.90,1:05:49.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes when I was going through\Nthe course catalog,
Dialogue: 0,1:05:49.22,1:05:53.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it wasn't how exciting the title was,\Nbut who was teaching it.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:53.80,1:05:58.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think that goes back to \Nsome of the test scores
Dialogue: 0,1:05:58.32,1:06:00.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that teachers are very focused on as well.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:00.56,1:06:02.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when I look at my daughter\Nwho has started school
Dialogue: 0,1:06:02.95,1:06:06.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what when I started school\Nabout 30 years ago,
Dialogue: 0,1:06:06.68,1:06:09.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and looking at how she is being taught
Dialogue: 0,1:06:09.89,1:06:12.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,-- taking away from ...... (check)\Nwhat should be included --
Dialogue: 0,1:06:12.30,1:06:16.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but a lot of that rote learning and a lot\Nof new skills they're using as well, so.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:19.11,1:06:22.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Moderator) OK, thank you, another one\Nin the ..... (check) over there
Dialogue: 0,1:06:23.34,1:06:25.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Participant 24) Hi, my name is ...... (check)
Dialogue: 0,1:06:25.41,1:06:27.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I work for UNESCO UNIPOP (check)
Dialogue: 0,1:06:27.85,1:06:30.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I just want to ask, \Nnot just for the panelists,
Dialogue: 0,1:06:30.52,1:06:32.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I think for everyone.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:32.21,1:06:36.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe after 20, 30 years or so, are we\Nstill going to talk about the same thing?
Dialogue: 0,1:06:36.85,1:06:40.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or are we going to -- what the idea\Nwould be the next topic
Dialogue: 0,1:06:40.18,1:06:42.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we're going to talk about?
Dialogue: 0,1:06:42.66,1:06:47.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I just also wanted to also reiterate\Nwhat our head of office is actually saying,
Dialogue: 0,1:06:47.20,1:06:49.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean -- ..... (check name) --
Dialogue: 0,1:06:49.56,1:06:55.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he always say that the world is not\Nhungry for more words, more resolutions,
Dialogue: 0,1:06:55.39,1:06:57.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more talks and more panel discussions.
Dialogue: 0,1:06:57.84,1:07:00.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The world is actually hungry \Nfor more actions.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:00.86,1:07:02.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:03.20,1:07:07.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Moderator) Thank you. We've got about\N5 minutes left for questions.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:07.62,1:07:11.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Please, so if you want to ask a question,\Njust stick your hand up
Dialogue: 0,1:07:11.75,1:07:14.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then we can get an idea: \NI think there is about three more.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:14.76,1:07:18.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, the man right at the back \Nby the aisle here,
Dialogue: 0,1:07:18.80,1:07:21.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the right hand side, please, first.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:23.51,1:07:26.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Participant 25) Hi, ............. (check name)\Nfrom London.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:26.18,1:07:29.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Miles mentioned knowledge and character,
Dialogue: 0,1:07:30.78,1:07:34.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think one thing left out here is values.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:35.30,1:07:38.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you know, we need knowledge\Nto do things,
Dialogue: 0,1:07:38.34,1:07:39.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need skills to do things,
Dialogue: 0,1:07:39.78,1:07:43.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we first have to agree at\Nwhat's worthy of doing.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:45.20,1:07:48.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Moderator) OK, thank you, and there was\Na question, again on the aisle, here,
Dialogue: 0,1:07:48.58,1:07:54.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the left hand side -- \Nlady just down here: that's it.
Dialogue: 0,1:07:55.29,1:07:59.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Participant 26) It's not really \Na question, but a challenge, maybe
Dialogue: 0,1:07:59.44,1:08:01.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the panelists.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:01.07,1:08:06.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I miss a little bit of diversity, so\Nmaybe more ethnical backgrounds,
Dialogue: 0,1:08:06.02,1:08:08.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,different ethnical backgrounds\Nlooking at the same question,
Dialogue: 0,1:08:08.87,1:08:12.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how is it that we are addressing this\Nin different contexts.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:12.28,1:08:17.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So maybe for the next plenary, we can have\Na bit more diversity.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:18.89,1:08:23.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Moderator) OK, and then there's --\Nthere are two, right at the back,
Dialogue: 0,1:08:23.04,1:08:24.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the right hand side.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:28.68,1:08:31.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Participant 27) .................... (check name)\NBelgrade, Serbia.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:32.88,1:08:39.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Part of the title of this panel is that\Nsoft skills, 21st century skills,
Dialogue: 0,1:08:39.90,1:08:41.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,should be taught.
Dialogue: 0,1:08:41.85,1:08:49.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My question is, is there any published\Nevidence as to what extent
Dialogue: 0,1:08:49.78,1:08:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,teaching them really changes \Nthe mastery of these skills?
Dialogue: 0,1:08:57.09,1:09:01.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Moderator) And I think, a final question,\Nagain right at the back --
Dialogue: 0,1:09:01.05,1:09:05.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,-- or a contribution -- right at the back\Non the -- here we are, that's it.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:06.64,1:09:09.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Participant 27) Thank you. My name is \NHeike Dratch (check name).
Dialogue: 0,1:09:09.16,1:09:12.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm working for GIZ (check)\Nan international cooperation organization.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:12.72,1:09:17.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And my -- what I'm lacking a bit here is,\Nin looking at 21st century skills,
Dialogue: 0,1:09:17.67,1:09:21.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and looking at Paris, \Nthe climate change conference,
Dialogue: 0,1:09:22.03,1:09:25.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so what kind of skills do we need, \Nto look into the future
Dialogue: 0,1:09:25.35,1:09:32.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and really see what we're doing now\Nis a future-oriented, sustainable activity.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:32.23,1:09:36.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what kind of skills are not taught,\Nin the sense of
Dialogue: 0,1:09:36.41,1:09:39.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,having a future orientation \Nof our behavior now
Dialogue: 0,1:09:39.39,1:09:41.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how we can change our behaviors.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:41.68,1:09:45.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is a -- probably \Nin the next 10, 20 years,
Dialogue: 0,1:09:45.26,1:09:48.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need answers for that, \Nhow we change our behavior
Dialogue: 0,1:09:48.35,1:09:50.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and seeing how it effects \Non what we're doing.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:51.95,1:09:54.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Moderator) OK, thank you \Nvery much for that,
Dialogue: 0,1:09:54.08,1:09:57.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and thank you everyone \Nfor your questions and contributions
Dialogue: 0,1:09:57.54,1:10:02.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,1:10:02.36,1:10:06.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm now going to ask one speaker from\Neach side to sum up,
Dialogue: 0,1:10:06.64,1:10:08.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to deal with the points \Nthat you've made
Dialogue: 0,1:10:08.79,1:10:13.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to make their final pitch \Nfor your votes.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:13.08,1:10:18.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, first of all, I will ask our speakers\Nagainst the motion to sum up.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:19.32,1:10:20.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You've got 5 minutes.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:20.97,1:10:21.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Allan Päll) Alright, thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:21.78,1:10:24.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm also very happy to hear \Nthe different nuances
Dialogue: 0,1:10:24.50,1:10:28.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and different arguments raised, \Nand I think that the question --
Dialogue: 0,1:10:28.42,1:10:31.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,questioning the very question itself\Nis a good one,
Dialogue: 0,1:10:31.76,1:10:34.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it is difficult to pin down.
Dialogue: 0,1:10:34.27,1:10:38.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would perhaps like to start with\Nthe broadest question, in terms of
Dialogue: 0,1:10:38.92,1:10:43.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what would the 22nd century skills be?
Dialogue: 0,1:10:43.17,1:10:46.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And unless the world will change \Ncompletely
Dialogue: 0,1:10:46.40,1:10:49.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or we will run out of resources\Non the planet,
Dialogue: 0,1:10:49.87,1:10:51.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or we will have a nuclear war,
Dialogue: 0,1:10:51.78,1:10:53.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,potentially, it will look similar,
Dialogue: 0,1:10:54.07,1:10:56.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it could also be that we are just\Nvegetables
Dialogue: 0,1:10:56.74,1:11:01.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,plugged into a matrix-like singularity \Nthat some are predicting.
Dialogue: 0,1:11:01.70,1:11:05.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then, of course, it would be\Ncompletely different, because
Dialogue: 0,1:11:05.21,1:11:07.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there would be no physical interaction.
Dialogue: 0,1:11:07.98,1:11:12.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So our mind needs to be open for even\Nfundamental, more fundamental changes
Dialogue: 0,1:11:12.92,1:11:14.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than we can even imagine.
Dialogue: 0,1:11:15.18,1:11:19.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, I think there was a --\None important reflection indeed,
Dialogue: 0,1:11:19.44,1:11:24.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about how do we teach\Nand what is the pedagogy
Dialogue: 0,1:11:24.40,1:11:27.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,used in hour educational system.
Dialogue: 0,1:11:27.54,1:11:32.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think our main problem, if we are \Nto look anyone who is to be blamed,
Dialogue: 0,1:11:32.27,1:11:37.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that -- is not education itself,\Nis not the educators or the teachers,
Dialogue: 0,1:11:37.56,1:11:42.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it may be indeed in this obsession\Nwith standards, standardized testing
Dialogue: 0,1:11:42.98,1:11:47.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also indeed, I would even go to argue,\Nwith qualifications.
Dialogue: 0,1:11:47.83,1:11:52.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, you might say, we want to be sure \Nthat you, as an engineer,
Dialogue: 0,1:11:52.25,1:11:55.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are properly qualified, or as a doctor.
Dialogue: 0,1:11:55.52,1:12:00.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, we need to be sure that you have made\N-- have a certain set of skills
Dialogue: 0,1:12:00.73,1:12:02.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be able to perform that job.
Dialogue: 0,1:12:02.68,1:12:07.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But then again, perhaps, the way\Nthat we conduct learning
Dialogue: 0,1:12:07.60,1:12:12.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is not recognizing the fact that learning\Nis not something
Dialogue: 0,1:12:12.14,1:12:15.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that an educational institution can have\Na monopoly over.
Dialogue: 0,1:12:15.99,1:12:20.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And thus, maybe, we need to open that up\Nmuch more and say that
Dialogue: 0,1:12:20.82,1:12:25.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need to recognize any kind of\Ncompetences, skills, values
Dialogue: 0,1:12:25.52,1:12:27.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you gain anywhere.
Dialogue: 0,1:12:27.74,1:12:33.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I think -- I think in terms of\Nbuilding that critical thinking,
Dialogue: 0,1:12:33.76,1:12:38.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which I do think is important, and which\Nhas existed throughout centuries
Dialogue: 0,1:12:38.92,1:12:41.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and is needed for the future as well,
Dialogue: 0,1:12:41.36,1:12:46.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that if we want to make sure that it is\Nbetter done.
Dialogue: 0,1:12:46.18,1:12:50.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We really need to look at, OK, let's\Nrecognize that this happens everywhere
Dialogue: 0,1:12:50.83,1:12:54.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and let's also see that we don't need\Nto ignore the subject matter
Dialogue: 0,1:12:54.28,1:12:59.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but use participative methods of teaching\Nand learning in our environment.
Dialogue: 0,1:12:59.05,1:13:01.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's where \Nthe difference comes from.
Dialogue: 0,1:13:01.75,1:13:08.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But however, I do believe that \Nthe very standard academic methods
Dialogue: 0,1:13:08.64,1:13:15.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are still giving us the basic abilities\Nfor things like critical thinking.
Dialogue: 0,1:13:16.87,1:13:18.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,1:13:18.24,1:13:22.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Moderator) Thank you. OK?\N(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,1:13:22.49,1:13:25.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you want to you got a couple of minutes\Nto ......
Dialogue: 0,1:13:26.77,1:13:31.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Berry) Very briefly, a couple of other\Nthings worth saying, I think,
Dialogue: 0,1:13:31.52,1:13:33.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in addition to what Allan said.
Dialogue: 0,1:13:33.93,1:13:39.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Trust schools! Actually, so much of what \Nwe heard about here
Dialogue: 0,1:13:39.64,1:13:42.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,happens in the day to day life \Nof the classroom.
Dialogue: 0,1:13:42.42,1:13:46.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What does school do, \Nyes, it is about education,
Dialogue: 0,1:13:46.01,1:13:49.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this passing on of knowledge\Nto the next generation.
Dialogue: 0,1:13:49.18,1:13:52.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's also about building character,
Dialogue: 0,1:13:52.06,1:13:55.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's also about young people\Nhaving that experience
Dialogue: 0,1:13:55.35,1:13:59.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of getting on with one another\Nand working collaboratively,
Dialogue: 0,1:13:59.62,1:14:01.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of working creatively.
Dialogue: 0,1:14:01.06,1:14:08.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Much of what we are labeling perhaps\Nas 21st century skills is happening.
Dialogue: 0,1:14:08.24,1:14:10.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Teachers are committed to this \Nsort of thing,
Dialogue: 0,1:14:10.40,1:14:14.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this happens in most of the classrooms,\Nlength and breadth of most countries,
Dialogue: 0,1:14:14.83,1:14:17.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,apart from when the testing \Ngets in the way,
Dialogue: 0,1:14:17.52,1:14:20.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as Allan has already made clear that.
Dialogue: 0,1:14:20.88,1:14:22.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What are the reasons \Nwhy this has happened?
Dialogue: 0,1:14:22.57,1:14:25.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, in part, it is this sort of\Npreparation for the future.
Dialogue: 0,1:14:25.84,1:14:28.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you look back at the start\Nof the 20th century,
Dialogue: 0,1:14:29.29,1:14:32.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there were newspaper articles,\Nthere were magazine articles
Dialogue: 0,1:14:32.07,1:14:35.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about what should be 20th century skills.
Dialogue: 0,1:14:35.18,1:14:37.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How many of those \Nare still relevant today?
Dialogue: 0,1:14:37.36,1:14:39.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd say most of those \Nare still relevant today.
Dialogue: 0,1:14:39.96,1:14:40.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, the photography thing:
Dialogue: 0,1:14:41.60,1:14:44.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,yes, we are working \Nwith different cameras now
Dialogue: 0,1:14:44.84,1:14:47.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the knowledge of what makes\Na good photograph,
Dialogue: 0,1:14:47.95,1:14:49.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the wisdom to discern \Na good photograph
Dialogue: 0,1:14:49.99,1:14:52.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from a less good photograph\Nis still just,
Dialogue: 0,1:14:52.71,1:14:55.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think is just as important now \Nas it was then.
Dialogue: 0,1:14:56.21,1:15:02.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in summary, 21st century skills\Nare being taught in schools.
Dialogue: 0,1:15:02.25,1:15:04.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are addressing this.
Dialogue: 0,1:15:04.05,1:15:06.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But actually, there are much more\Nimportant things
Dialogue: 0,1:15:06.44,1:15:11.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we should be focusing on: knowledge,\Npassing that on to the next generation,
Dialogue: 0,1:15:11.55,1:15:16.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and character, and yes, values, \Nabsolutely right.
Dialogue: 0,1:15:16.31,1:15:18.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, the question about\Nwhat should we be doing
Dialogue: 0,1:15:18.46,1:15:20.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in terms of 22nd century skills.
Dialogue: 0,1:15:21.28,1:15:26.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I suspect the values of respect for\None another, of integrity,
Dialogue: 0,1:15:27.42,1:15:31.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of willingness to be courageous,\Nas I was talking about,
Dialogue: 0,1:15:31.81,1:15:35.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's going to be just as important then\Nas it is now. Thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,1:15:35.86,1:15:40.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)\N(Moderator) Thank you.(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,1:15:40.49,1:15:43.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, I'll now ask \Nour speakers for the motion
Dialogue: 0,1:15:43.12,1:15:45.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to sum up and you've got 5 minutes.\NThank you.
Dialogue: 0,1:15:46.36,1:15:49.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Pedro De Bruyckere) I'll say one minute,\None answer to one question,
Dialogue: 0,1:15:49.46,1:15:51.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then, Jo will conclude.
Dialogue: 0,1:15:51.42,1:15:53.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there was a question, \N"Who is to blame."
Dialogue: 0,1:15:53.99,1:15:55.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's easy: we are.
Dialogue: 0,1:15:56.20,1:15:59.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are all, because we've fogotten\Nwhat school is about.
Dialogue: 0,1:15:59.02,1:16:03.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you look back what school really means,\Nit means free time.
Dialogue: 0,1:16:04.07,1:16:07.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If I say this to my son, he will start\Nthrowing things,
Dialogue: 0,1:16:07.52,1:16:11.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it means free of economic value.
Dialogue: 0,1:16:12.30,1:16:16.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because if you go to a hair salon\Nin a school,
Dialogue: 0,1:16:16.84,1:16:22.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know it will take much longer time\Nthan in a real hair salon,
Dialogue: 0,1:16:22.02,1:16:26.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the emphasis is not \Non earning money, but on learning.
Dialogue: 0,1:16:27.13,1:16:31.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And today, because of the testings,\Nbecause of the focus,
Dialogue: 0,1:16:32.15,1:16:36.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,teachers need to to focus on\Nvery specific elements
Dialogue: 0,1:16:36.86,1:16:40.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we've forgotten what schooling \Nis about, what school is about.
Dialogue: 0,1:16:40.64,1:16:43.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if we bring back school, then maybe
Dialogue: 0,1:16:43.79,1:16:47.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these 21st century skills \Nwill be taught again.
Dialogue: 0,1:16:48.51,1:16:53.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Moderator) Thank you. Jo.\N(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,1:16:53.54,1:16:58.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Jo Swinson) So, I firstly want to answer\Na question that Miles asked, which was
Dialogue: 0,1:16:58.55,1:17:01.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Who uses a spreadsheet to plan a party?"
Dialogue: 0,1:17:01.73,1:17:05.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would just say that anyone that asks\Nthat question has never planned a wedding.
Dialogue: 0,1:17:05.82,1:17:08.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,1:17:09.52,1:17:17.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think it was -- a guy at the back said:\N"Most people are not in this room."
Dialogue: 0,1:17:17.46,1:17:19.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that is actually part of the problem.
Dialogue: 0,1:17:19.96,1:17:23.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because if the world was \Nlike the people in this room,
Dialogue: 0,1:17:23.37,1:17:26.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,i don't think there'd be such concern,\NI think that we would be able
Dialogue: 0,1:17:26.50,1:17:29.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to stand here and say that \N21st century skills are being taught.
Dialogue: 0,1:17:30.24,1:17:33.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, going round the exhibitions,\Nseeing the innovation, the creativity,
Dialogue: 0,1:17:33.92,1:17:35.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's really inspiring.
Dialogue: 0,1:17:35.80,1:17:38.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I think we all know \Nfrom our own experience
Dialogue: 0,1:17:38.30,1:17:41.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the world out there \Nisn't quite as enlightened.
Dialogue: 0,1:17:41.40,1:17:45.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the measurement is a stifling problem.
Dialogue: 0,1:17:45.73,1:17:47.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What gets measured gets done.
Dialogue: 0,1:17:47.06,1:17:51.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So of course, if you have endless testing,\Nthen teachers will teach to the test, and --
Dialogue: 0,1:17:51.73,1:17:53.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I noted the reference to Michael Gove:
Dialogue: 0,1:17:53.92,1:17:55.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd just like to just say for the record:
Dialogue: 0,1:17:55.51,1:17:58.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was a part of the coalition \Ntrying to rein him in at that point.
Dialogue: 0,1:17:59.85,1:18:03.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think Elijah talked about the values\Nin organizations,
Dialogue: 0,1:18:03.66,1:18:06.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how the values even of our societies \Nis changing.
Dialogue: 0,1:18:06.88,1:18:11.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that's right and it's important --\NI think it's exciting.
Dialogue: 0,1:18:11.03,1:18:14.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are moving to an age where there is\Nfar less deference:
Dialogue: 0,1:18:14.24,1:18:17.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that has its challenges in ll sorts\Nof walks of life, from anchors
Dialogue: 0,1:18:17.86,1:18:20.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to medicine, to politics, to the media.
Dialogue: 0,1:18:20.66,1:18:22.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I also think it's \Na positive development
Dialogue: 0,1:18:22.80,1:18:25.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that people can make \Ntheir critical analysis
Dialogue: 0,1:18:25.79,1:18:28.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the institutions around us,\Nrather than assuming that
Dialogue: 0,1:18:28.78,1:18:31.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if somebody is in authority,\Nthen they must be right.
Dialogue: 0,1:18:31.91,1:18:35.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even in the business world, there is \Na move towards more collaboration
Dialogue: 0,1:18:35.15,1:18:37.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than just pure competition.
Dialogue: 0,1:18:37.20,1:18:41.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The pursuit of profit is still important,\Nbut conversations ..... (check) purpose
Dialogue: 0,1:18:41.27,1:18:43.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are also increasingly heard.
Dialogue: 0,1:18:43.65,1:18:46.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think that the leadership models
Dialogue: 0,1:18:46.13,1:18:49.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are now experienced and valued \Nthe most
Dialogue: 0,1:18:49.11,1:18:51.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are not the ones about just \Nin a military style,
Dialogue: 0,1:18:51.53,1:18:52.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,telling people what to do,
Dialogue: 0,1:18:52.80,1:18:55.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but actually about working \Nwith individuals,
Dialogue: 0,1:18:55.29,1:18:58.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to lead them and motivate them,\Nand get the best out of a team.
Dialogue: 0,1:18:58.72,1:19:00.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this has an impact \Nfor all of our careers paths.
Dialogue: 0,1:19:00.86,1:19:03.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You don't just go into one job\Nand stay there for 40 years.
Dialogue: 0,1:19:03.95,1:19:08.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And therefore we need to change the way\Nwe are preparing people for this world.
Dialogue: 0,1:19:08.57,1:19:13.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A lady in the audience mentioned that we \Nare, as human beings, naturally adaptive,
Dialogue: 0,1:19:13.68,1:19:18.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I would agree we are, but we need \Nto be helped to do that even more,
Dialogue: 0,1:19:18.37,1:19:21.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we do need to adapt \Nmore than we did
Dialogue: 0,1:19:21.08,1:19:23.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we stayed in one job for 40 years\Nin our career.
Dialogue: 0,1:19:24.62,1:19:27.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that lifelong learning is actually\Nso important.
Dialogue: 0,1:19:27.99,1:19:30.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By all means, we should talk about \Nwhat happens in the education system
Dialogue: 0,1:19:30.84,1:19:34.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's just as important for, \Nwhen we're all here in 20 years time
Dialogue: 0,1:19:34.61,1:19:38.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we are, you know, trying to keep track\Nof the world that has suddenly developed.
Dialogue: 0,1:19:38.52,1:19:41.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to find a way \Nof staying up to date.
Dialogue: 0,1:19:41.26,1:19:45.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, can these skills be taught?\NHow can these skills be taught?
Dialogue: 0,1:19:45.52,1:19:46.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, they absolutely have to be taught
Dialogue: 0,1:19:46.95,1:19:48.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we need to figure out \Nthe answers to that.
Dialogue: 0,1:19:48.93,1:19:53.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People need to acquire these skills\Nand they will need help to do it.
Dialogue: 0,1:19:53.17,1:19:55.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that teaching can come \Nfrom a range of sources.
Dialogue: 0,1:19:55.32,1:19:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, the formal education system\Nbut also parents and our peers
Dialogue: 0,1:19:59.99,1:20:03.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and indeed I would argue, particularly\Nto the point, in some dimension,
Dialogue: 0,1:20:03.02,1:20:05.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about all the people in the audience,
Dialogue: 0,1:20:05.14,1:20:08.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think, ultimately, one of the ways\N21st century skills will be taught
Dialogue: 0,1:20:08.31,1:20:10.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will be from our children \Nand grandchildren.
Dialogue: 0,1:20:10.16,1:20:17.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.\N(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,1:20:17.31,1:20:19.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Moderator) Thank you for that, \NJo and Pedro,
Dialogue: 0,1:20:19.31,1:20:23.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and thank you to all our speakers\Nand thank you for your contributions.
Dialogue: 0,1:20:24.56,1:20:30.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'll now take a vote on this, so\Nwould all those in favor of the motion:
Dialogue: 0,1:20:30.70,1:20:35.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"This house believes 21st century skills\Naren't being taught and they should be."
Dialogue: 0,1:20:35.64,1:20:40.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,please raise their hand, in the singular:\None hand each.
Dialogue: 0,1:20:41.53,1:20:44.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right.That's all those in favor.
Dialogue: 0,1:20:45.12,1:20:47.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And all those against.
Dialogue: 0,1:20:47.74,1:20:50.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Inaudible off voice - laughter)
Dialogue: 0,1:20:50.52,1:20:55.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Moderator) That's not --\Nthat is very close but I would say that --
Dialogue: 0,1:20:56.78,1:21:01.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the motion is lost on that.\N(hooting and clapping)
Dialogue: 0,1:21:01.55,1:21:04.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would say I would be happy to --\Nbut only just.
Dialogue: 0,1:21:04.52,1:21:06.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's very, very narrow vote.
Dialogue: 0,1:21:06.96,1:21:10.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So thank you very much indeed \Nfor all your contributions
Dialogue: 0,1:21:10.94,1:21:16.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and your attention, and I have a number\Nof announcements just to make, actually.
Dialogue: 0,1:21:17.37,1:21:23.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just to remind you that the Online Educa\NOEB party, the Weihnachts Fest
Dialogue: 0,1:21:23.72,1:21:28.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will take place and the tickets are\Non sale at the reception.
Dialogue: 0,1:21:28.82,1:21:32.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It will take place tonight, \Nthere'll be food, drink
Dialogue: 0,1:21:32.50,1:21:36.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and 25 liters of fake snow.\N(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,1:21:36.68,1:21:38.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's something to look forward to.
Dialogue: 0,1:21:39.26,1:21:42.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The other thing is that many of you\Nwill remember
Dialogue: 0,1:21:42.59,1:21:47.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our dear friend and colleague Jay Cross,\Nwho died recently.
Dialogue: 0,1:21:47.26,1:21:51.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Jay was one of the real stars \Nof OEB in the past.
Dialogue: 0,1:21:51.58,1:21:56.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I know that he was a great friend to \Nmany people who attend this conference
Dialogue: 0,1:21:56.61,1:22:00.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there is going to be a special session\Nwhich will take place now
Dialogue: 0,1:22:00.56,1:22:08.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in room Potsdam 1, which will look at\NJay Cross's legacy in person and in print
Dialogue: 0,1:22:08.24,1:22:10.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this session will feature \NJay's colleagues
Dialogue: 0,1:22:10.92,1:22:15.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the Internet Time Alliance, \Nwho will remember his influence
Dialogue: 0,1:22:15.17,1:22:16.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and present his legacy.
Dialogue: 0,1:22:16.64,1:22:21.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I do hope you'll take the opportunity\Nto go along and take part in that session.
Dialogue: 0,1:22:21.62,1:22:24.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you all very much indeed, \NLadies and Gentlemen.
Dialogue: 0,1:22:24.45,1:22:26.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,1:22:29.07,1:22:32.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Soft music)
Dialogue: 0,1:22:32.93,1:22:35.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Recordings of this session will be uploaded to\Nwww.online-educa.com]
Dialogue: 0,1:22:35.100,1:22:39.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Recording is provided by Presentations 200\NMaking Video Reality]