0:00:00.859,0:00:02.812
Diana Reiss: You may think you're looking

0:00:02.836,0:00:06.918
through a window at a dolphin[br]spinning playfully,

0:00:06.942,0:00:09.076
but what you're actually looking through

0:00:09.100,0:00:11.637
is a two-way mirror at a dolphin

0:00:11.661,0:00:14.827
looking at itself spinning playfully.

0:00:14.851,0:00:16.950
This is a dolphin that is self-aware.

0:00:16.974,0:00:18.572
This dolphin has self-awareness.

0:00:18.596,0:00:20.652
It's a young dolphin named Bayley.

0:00:20.676,0:00:23.700
I've been very interested[br]in understanding the nature

0:00:23.724,0:00:27.123
of the intelligence of dolphins[br]for the past 30 years.

0:00:27.147,0:00:30.307
How do we explore[br]intelligence in this animal

0:00:30.331,0:00:31.797
that's so different from us?

0:00:31.821,0:00:34.857
And what I've used is a very[br]simple research tool,

0:00:34.881,0:00:37.437
a mirror, and we've gained[br]great information,

0:00:37.461,0:00:40.894
reflections of these animal minds.

0:00:40.918,0:00:44.494
Dolphins aren't the only animals,[br]the only non-human animals,

0:00:44.518,0:00:46.634
to show mirror self-recognition.

0:00:46.658,0:00:49.626
We used to think this[br]was a uniquely human ability,

0:00:49.650,0:00:52.927
but we learned that the great[br]apes, our closest relatives,

0:00:52.951,0:00:54.512
also show this ability.

0:00:54.536,0:00:56.211
Then we showed it in dolphins,

0:00:56.235,0:00:58.223
and then later in elephants.

0:00:58.247,0:01:01.057
We did this work in my lab[br]with the dolphins and elephants,

0:01:01.081,0:01:03.226
and it's been recently[br]shown in the magpie.

0:01:03.250,0:01:06.126
Now, it's interesting,[br]because we've embraced

0:01:06.150,0:01:10.148
this Darwinian view of a continuity[br]in physical evolution,

0:01:10.172,0:01:11.740
this physical continuity.

0:01:11.764,0:01:15.023
But we've been much more[br]reticent, much slower

0:01:15.047,0:01:18.959
at recognizing this[br]continuity in cognition,

0:01:18.983,0:01:21.943
in emotion, in consciousness[br]in other animals.

0:01:21.967,0:01:24.509
Other animals are conscious.

0:01:24.533,0:01:27.799
They're emotional. They're aware.

0:01:27.823,0:01:30.684
There have been multitudes[br]of studies with many species

0:01:30.708,0:01:34.255
over the years that have[br]given us exquisite evidence

0:01:34.279,0:01:37.126
for thinking and consciousness[br]in other animals,

0:01:37.150,0:01:40.717
other animals that are quite[br]different than we are in form.

0:01:40.741,0:01:43.410
We are not alone.

0:01:43.434,0:01:47.540
We are not alone in these abilities.

0:01:47.564,0:01:50.905
And I hope, and one of my biggest dreams,

0:01:50.929,0:01:53.676
is that, with our growing awareness

0:01:53.700,0:01:55.272
about the consciousness of others

0:01:55.296,0:01:57.916
and our relationship with the rest[br]of the animal world,

0:01:57.940,0:02:00.506
that we'll give them[br]the respect and protection

0:02:00.530,0:02:01.387
that they deserve.

0:02:01.411,0:02:03.935
So that's a wish I'm throwing[br]out here for everybody,

0:02:03.959,0:02:07.776
and I hope I can really[br]engage you in this idea.

0:02:07.800,0:02:09.419
Now, I want to return to dolphins,

0:02:09.443,0:02:11.635
because these are the animals[br]that I feel like

0:02:11.659,0:02:14.180
I've been working up closely[br]and personal with

0:02:14.204,0:02:15.590
for over 30 years.

0:02:15.614,0:02:17.439
And these are real personalities.

0:02:17.463,0:02:20.540
They are not persons,[br]but they're personalities

0:02:20.564,0:02:22.026
in every sense of the word.

0:02:22.050,0:02:25.212
And you can't get more[br]alien than the dolphin.

0:02:25.236,0:02:27.708
They are very different[br]from us in body form.

0:02:27.732,0:02:31.447
They're radically different. They come[br]from a radically different environment.

0:02:31.471,0:02:35.057
In fact, we're separated[br]by 95 million years

0:02:35.081,0:02:37.203
of divergent evolution.

0:02:37.227,0:02:39.103
Look at this body.

0:02:39.127,0:02:42.793
And in every sense of making a pun here,

0:02:42.817,0:02:47.156
these are true non-terrestrials.

0:02:47.180,0:02:50.604
I wondered how we might[br]interface with these animals.

0:02:50.628,0:02:53.926
In the 1980s, I developed[br]an underwater keyboard.

0:02:53.950,0:02:56.345
This was a custom-made[br]touch-screen keyboard.

0:02:56.369,0:02:59.274
What I wanted to do was give[br]the dolphins choice and control.

0:02:59.298,0:03:01.396
These are big brains,[br]highly social animals,

0:03:01.420,0:03:04.562
and I thought, well, if we give[br]them choice and control,

0:03:04.586,0:03:06.634
if they can hit a symbol[br]on this keyboard --

0:03:06.658,0:03:09.305
and by the way, it was interfaced[br]by fiber optic cables

0:03:09.329,0:03:12.175
from Hewlett-Packard[br]with an Apple II computer.

0:03:12.199,0:03:14.062
This seems prehistoric now,

0:03:14.086,0:03:16.259
but this was where[br]we were with technology.

0:03:16.283,0:03:19.082
So the dolphins could hit a key, a symbol,

0:03:19.106,0:03:21.256
they heard a computer-generated whistle,

0:03:21.280,0:03:23.061
and they got an object or activity.

0:03:23.085,0:03:24.479
Now here's a little video.

0:03:24.503,0:03:27.297
This is Delphi and Pan,[br]and you're going to see Delphi

0:03:27.321,0:03:31.446
hitting a key, he hears a computer-generated[br]whistle -- (Whistle) --

0:03:31.470,0:03:35.159
and gets a ball, so they can[br]actually ask for things they want.

0:03:35.183,0:03:39.298
What was remarkable is,[br]they explored this keyboard

0:03:39.322,0:03:42.645
on their own. There was no[br]intervention on our part.

0:03:42.669,0:03:45.289
They explored the keyboard.[br]They played around with it.

0:03:45.313,0:03:46.848
They figured out how it worked.

0:03:46.872,0:03:49.063
And they started to quickly[br]imitate the sounds

0:03:49.087,0:03:51.812
they were hearing on the keyboard.

0:03:51.836,0:03:53.769
They imitated on their own.

0:03:53.793,0:03:55.940
Beyond that, though, they started learning

0:03:55.964,0:03:58.700
associations[br]between the symbols, the sounds

0:03:58.724,0:04:01.025
and the objects.

0:04:01.049,0:04:04.552
What we saw was self-organized learning,

0:04:04.576,0:04:07.951
and now I'm imagining, what can we do

0:04:07.975,0:04:09.353
with new technologies?

0:04:09.377,0:04:12.288
How can we create interfaces,[br]new windows into

0:04:12.312,0:04:17.209
the minds of animals,[br]with the technologies that exist today?

0:04:17.233,0:04:20.296
So I was thinking about this,[br]and then, one day,

0:04:20.320,0:04:24.280
I got a call from Peter.

0:04:26.753,0:04:28.753
Peter Gabriel: I make noises for a living.

0:04:28.777,0:04:30.491
On a good day, it's music,

0:04:30.515,0:04:32.277
and I want to talk a little bit about

0:04:32.301,0:04:36.416
the most amazing music-making[br]experience I ever had.

0:04:36.440,0:04:39.632
I'm a farm boy. I grew[br]up surrounded by animals,

0:04:39.656,0:04:41.631
and I would look in these eyes and wonder

0:04:41.655,0:04:43.326
what was going on there?

0:04:43.350,0:04:45.594
So as an adult, when[br]I started to read about

0:04:45.618,0:04:48.863
the amazing breakthroughs[br]with Penny Patterson and Koko,

0:04:48.887,0:04:52.097
with Sue Savage-Rumbaugh[br]and Kanzi, Panbanisha,

0:04:52.121,0:04:54.518
Irene Pepperberg, Alex the parrot,

0:04:54.542,0:04:56.986
I got all excited.

0:04:57.010,0:04:58.957
What was amazing to me also

0:04:58.981,0:05:02.786
was they seemed a lot more adept

0:05:02.810,0:05:05.750
at getting a handle on our language

0:05:05.774,0:05:09.914
than we were on getting[br]a handle on theirs.

0:05:09.938,0:05:13.533
I work with a lot of musicians[br]from around the world,

0:05:13.557,0:05:16.301
and often we don't have[br]any common language at all,

0:05:16.325,0:05:19.988
but we sit down behind our instruments,

0:05:20.012,0:05:23.325
and suddenly there's a way[br]for us to connect and emote.

0:05:23.349,0:05:26.141
So I started cold-calling,[br]and eventually got through

0:05:26.165,0:05:28.274
to Sue Savage-Rumbaugh,

0:05:28.298,0:05:30.173
and she invited me down.

0:05:30.197,0:05:34.555
I went down, and the bonobos

0:05:34.579,0:05:37.326
had had access to percussion instruments,

0:05:37.350,0:05:40.960
musical toys, but never[br]before to a keyboard.

0:05:40.984,0:05:42.604
At first they did what infants do,

0:05:42.628,0:05:44.635
just bashed it with their fists,

0:05:44.659,0:05:47.108
and then I asked, through Sue,

0:05:47.132,0:05:51.081
if Panbanisha could try[br]with one finger only.

0:05:51.105,0:05:56.258
Sue Savage-Rumbaugh: Can[br]you play a grooming song?

0:05:56.282,0:05:58.184
I want to hear a grooming song.

0:05:58.208,0:06:02.640
Play a real quiet grooming song.

0:06:04.808,0:06:08.376
PG: So groom was the subject of the piece.

0:06:08.400,0:06:13.212
(Music)

0:06:25.895,0:06:29.641
So I'm just behind, jamming,

0:06:29.665,0:06:34.386
yeah, this is what we started with.

0:06:34.410,0:06:37.903
Sue's encouraging her[br]to continue a little more.

0:06:37.927,0:06:42.828
(Music)

0:07:26.746,0:07:31.628
She discovers a note she likes,

0:07:31.652,0:07:35.343
finds the octave.

0:07:35.367,0:07:40.271
She'd never sat at a keyboard before.

0:07:46.178,0:07:50.498
Nice triplets.

0:08:00.709,0:08:04.019
SSR: You did good. That was very good.

0:08:04.043,0:08:05.434
PG: She hit good.

0:08:05.458,0:08:10.925
(Applause)

0:08:10.949,0:08:15.170
So that night, we began to dream,

0:08:15.194,0:08:17.945
and we thought, perhaps[br]the most amazing tool

0:08:17.969,0:08:20.125
that man's created is the Internet,

0:08:20.149,0:08:23.933
and what would happen if we could somehow

0:08:23.957,0:08:25.829
find new interfaces,

0:08:25.853,0:08:29.432
visual-audio interfaces that would allow

0:08:29.456,0:08:31.792
these remarkable sentient beings

0:08:31.816,0:08:34.378
that we share the planet with access?

0:08:34.402,0:08:38.390
And Sue Savage-Rumbaugh[br]got excited about that,

0:08:38.414,0:08:40.511
called her friend Steve Woodruff,

0:08:40.535,0:08:43.599
and we began hustling all sorts of people

0:08:43.623,0:08:46.662
whose work related or was inspiring,

0:08:46.686,0:08:48.831
which led us to Diana,

0:08:48.855,0:08:51.818
and led us to Neil.

0:08:51.842,0:08:54.033
Neil Gershenfeld: Thanks, Peter.[br]PG: Thank you.

0:08:54.057,0:08:57.642
(Applause)

0:08:57.666,0:08:59.314
NG: So Peter approached me.

0:08:59.338,0:09:01.934
I lost it when I saw that clip.

0:09:01.958,0:09:04.994
He approached me with a vision[br]of doing these things

0:09:05.018,0:09:06.608
not for people, for animals.

0:09:06.632,0:09:09.386
And then I was struck[br]in the history of the Internet.

0:09:09.410,0:09:13.289
This is what the Internet[br]looked like when it was born

0:09:13.313,0:09:15.822
and you can call that the Internet

0:09:15.846,0:09:17.450
of middle-aged white men,

0:09:17.474,0:09:18.470
mostly middle-aged white men.

0:09:18.494,0:09:20.547
Vint Cerf: (Laughs)

0:09:20.571,0:09:23.585
(Laughter)

0:09:23.609,0:09:25.207
NG: Speaking as one.

0:09:25.231,0:09:28.315
Then, when I first came to TED,

0:09:28.339,0:09:30.441
which was where I met[br]Peter, I showed this.

0:09:30.465,0:09:32.827
This is a $1 web server,

0:09:32.851,0:09:35.276
and at the time that was radical.

0:09:35.300,0:09:38.982
And the possibility of making[br]a web server for a dollar

0:09:39.006,0:09:42.527
grew into what became known[br]as the Internet of Things,

0:09:42.551,0:09:45.779
which is literally an industry[br]now with tremendous implications

0:09:45.803,0:09:48.256
for health care, energy efficiency.

0:09:48.280,0:09:49.673
And we were happy with ourselves.

0:09:49.697,0:09:51.364
And then when Peter showed me that,

0:09:51.388,0:09:53.055
I realized we had missed something,

0:09:53.079,0:09:55.082
which is the rest of the planet.

0:09:55.106,0:09:57.583
So we started up this[br]interspecies Internet project.

0:09:57.607,0:09:59.209
Now we started talking with TED

0:09:59.233,0:10:01.948
about how you bring dolphins[br]and great apes and elephants

0:10:01.972,0:10:04.523
to TED, and we realized[br]that wouldn't work.

0:10:04.547,0:10:06.597
So we're going to bring you to them.

0:10:06.621,0:10:09.193
So if we could switch[br]to the audio from this computer,

0:10:09.217,0:10:12.538
we've been video conferencing[br]with cognitive animals,

0:10:12.562,0:10:13.750
and we're going to have each of them

0:10:13.774,0:10:15.485
just briefly introduce them.

0:10:15.509,0:10:17.605
And so if we could also[br]have this up, great.

0:10:17.629,0:10:19.432
So the first site we're going to meet

0:10:19.456,0:10:22.500
is Cameron Park Zoo[br]in Waco, with orangutans.

0:10:22.524,0:10:25.334
In the daytime they live outside.[br]It's nighttime there now.

0:10:25.358,0:10:28.399
So can you please go ahead?

0:10:28.423,0:10:31.058
Terri Cox: Hi, I'm Terri Cox

0:10:31.082,0:10:33.488
with the Cameron Park Zoo in Waco, Texas,

0:10:33.512,0:10:37.179
and with me I have KeraJaan and Mei,

0:10:37.203,0:10:39.251
two of our Bornean orangutans.

0:10:39.275,0:10:44.379
During the day, they have[br]a beautiful, large outdoor habitat,

0:10:44.403,0:10:47.071
and at night, they come into this habitat,

0:10:47.095,0:10:48.787
into their night quarters,

0:10:48.811,0:10:50.716
where they can have a climate-controlled

0:10:50.740,0:10:52.708
and secure environment to sleep in.

0:10:52.732,0:10:57.103
We participate in the Apps[br]for Apes program

0:10:57.127,0:11:00.536
Orangutan Outreach, and we use iPads

0:11:00.560,0:11:02.725
to help stimulate and enrich the animals,

0:11:02.749,0:11:04.434
and also help raise awareness

0:11:04.458,0:11:06.871
for these critically endangered animals.

0:11:06.895,0:11:11.119
And they share 97 percent of our DNA

0:11:11.143,0:11:12.927
and are incredibly intelligent,

0:11:12.951,0:11:16.438
so it's so exciting to think[br]of all the opportunities

0:11:16.462,0:11:19.474
that we have via technology[br]and the Internet

0:11:19.498,0:11:23.216
to really enrich their lives[br]and open up their world.

0:11:23.240,0:11:25.293
We're really excited about the possibility

0:11:25.317,0:11:27.143
of an interspecies Internet,

0:11:27.167,0:11:31.496
and K.J. has[br]been enjoying the conference very much.

0:11:31.520,0:11:34.044
NG: That's great. When we were[br]rehearsing last night,

0:11:34.068,0:11:35.940
he had fun watching the elephants.

0:11:35.964,0:11:39.008
Next user group are the dolphins[br]at the National Aquarium.

0:11:39.032,0:11:41.502
Please go ahead.

0:11:41.526,0:11:42.651
Allison Ginsburg: Good evening.

0:11:42.675,0:11:44.295
Well, my name is Allison Ginsburg,

0:11:44.319,0:11:47.141
and we're live in Baltimore[br]at the National Aquarium.

0:11:47.165,0:11:50.786
Joining me are three of our eight Atlantic[br]bottlenose dolphins:

0:11:50.810,0:11:53.945
20-year-old Chesapeake,[br]who was our first dolphin born here,

0:11:53.969,0:11:56.657
her four-year-old daughter Bayley,

0:11:56.681,0:12:00.076
and her half sister, 11-year-old Maya.

0:12:00.100,0:12:01.720
Now, here at the National Aquarium

0:12:01.744,0:12:04.697
we are committed to excellence[br]in animal care,

0:12:04.721,0:12:07.169
to research, and to conservation.

0:12:07.193,0:12:10.481
The dolphins are pretty intrigued[br]as to what's going on here tonight.

0:12:10.505,0:12:12.696
They're not really used[br]to having cameras here

0:12:12.720,0:12:14.173
at 8 o'clock at night.

0:12:14.197,0:12:16.907
In addition, we are very[br]committed to doing

0:12:16.931,0:12:18.365
different types of research.

0:12:18.389,0:12:20.978
As Diana mentioned,[br]our animals are involved

0:12:21.002,0:12:24.113
in many different research studies.

0:12:34.927,0:12:38.292
NG: Those are for you.

0:12:38.316,0:12:40.090
Okay, that's great, thank you.

0:12:40.114,0:12:43.332
And the third user group, in Thailand,

0:12:43.356,0:12:47.685
is Think Elephants. Go ahead, Josh.

0:12:47.709,0:12:49.960
Josh Plotnik: Hi, my name is Josh Plotnik,

0:12:49.984,0:12:52.176
and I'm with Think[br]Elephants International,

0:12:52.200,0:12:54.534
and we're here in the Golden[br]Triangle of Thailand

0:12:54.558,0:12:57.609
with the Golden Triangle Asian[br]Elephant Foundation elephants.

0:12:57.633,0:12:59.989
And we have 26 elephants here,

0:13:00.013,0:13:04.182
and our research is focused on the evolution[br]of intelligence with elephants,

0:13:04.206,0:13:06.545
but our foundation Think[br]Elephants is focused

0:13:06.569,0:13:09.591
on bringing elephants[br]into classrooms around the world

0:13:09.615,0:13:11.795
virtually like this and showing people

0:13:11.819,0:13:13.928
how incredible these animals are.

0:13:13.952,0:13:16.087
So we're able to bring the camera[br]right up to the elephant,

0:13:16.111,0:13:18.305
put food into the elephant's mouth,

0:13:18.329,0:13:20.751
show people what's going[br]on inside their mouths,

0:13:20.775,0:13:22.887
and show everyone around the world

0:13:22.911,0:13:25.791
how incredible these animals really are.

0:13:25.815,0:13:28.295
NG: Okay, that's great. Thanks Josh.

0:13:28.319,0:13:30.287
And once again, we've been building[br]great relationships

0:13:30.311,0:13:32.743
among them just[br]since we've been rehearsing.

0:13:32.767,0:13:35.529
So at that point, if we can go[br]back to the other computer,

0:13:35.553,0:13:37.887
we were starting to think[br]about how you integrate

0:13:37.911,0:13:40.736
the rest of the biomass[br]of the planet into the Internet,

0:13:40.760,0:13:43.343
and we went to the best possible person

0:13:43.367,0:13:46.006
I can think of, which is Vint Cerf,

0:13:46.030,0:13:49.052
who is one of the founders[br]who gave us the Internet. Vint?

0:13:49.076,0:13:51.420
VC: Thank you, Neil.

0:13:51.444,0:13:55.006
(Applause)

0:13:55.030,0:14:00.086
A long time ago in a galaxy[br]— oops, wrong script.

0:14:00.110,0:14:02.556
Forty years ago, Bob Kahn and I

0:14:02.580,0:14:04.155
did the design of the Internet.

0:14:04.179,0:14:06.918
Thirty years ago, we turned it on.

0:14:06.942,0:14:10.003
Just last year, we turned[br]on the production Internet.

0:14:10.027,0:14:12.126
You've been using the experimental version

0:14:12.150,0:14:13.602
for the last 30 years.

0:14:13.626,0:14:16.956
The production version,[br]it uses IP version 6.

0:14:16.980,0:14:21.956
It has 3.4 times 10 to the 38th[br]possible terminations.

0:14:21.980,0:14:25.113
That's a number only that Congress[br]can appreciate.

0:14:25.137,0:14:29.214
But it leads to what is coming next.

0:14:29.238,0:14:31.876
When Bob and I did this design,

0:14:31.900,0:14:35.382
we thought we were building a system[br]to connect computers together.

0:14:35.406,0:14:37.217
What we very quickly discovered

0:14:37.241,0:14:40.400
is that this was a system[br]for connecting people together.

0:14:40.424,0:14:42.868
And what you've seen tonight

0:14:42.892,0:14:46.810
tells you that we should[br]not restrict this network

0:14:46.834,0:14:48.992
to one species,

0:14:49.016,0:14:52.833
that these other intelligent,[br]sentient species

0:14:52.857,0:14:55.306
should be part of the system too.

0:14:55.330,0:14:57.664
This is the system as it[br]looks today, by the way.

0:14:57.688,0:15:00.859
This is what the Internet[br]looks like to a computer

0:15:00.883,0:15:03.129
that's trying to figure[br]out where the traffic

0:15:03.153,0:15:04.778
is supposed to go.

0:15:04.802,0:15:07.403
This is generated by a program

0:15:07.427,0:15:10.152
that's looking at the connectivity[br]of the Internet,

0:15:10.176,0:15:12.989
and how all the various networks[br]are connected together.

0:15:13.013,0:15:16.354
There are about 400,000[br]networks, interconnected,

0:15:16.378,0:15:21.493
run independently by 400,000[br]different operating agencies,

0:15:21.517,0:15:22.946
and the only reason this works

0:15:22.970,0:15:26.771
is that they all use the same[br]standard TCP/IP protocols.

0:15:26.795,0:15:29.126
Well, you know where this is headed.

0:15:29.150,0:15:31.417
The Internet of Things tell us

0:15:31.441,0:15:35.713
that a lot of computer-enabled[br]appliances and devices

0:15:35.737,0:15:38.169
are going to become part[br]of this system too:

0:15:38.193,0:15:40.442
appliances that you use around the house,

0:15:40.466,0:15:42.361
that you use in your office,

0:15:42.385,0:15:44.986
that you carry around with yourself[br]or in the car.

0:15:45.010,0:15:47.353
That's the Internet[br]of Things that's coming.

0:15:47.377,0:15:50.155
Now, what's important[br]about what these people are doing

0:15:50.179,0:15:52.506
is that they're beginning to learn

0:15:52.530,0:15:55.756
how to communicate with species

0:15:55.780,0:15:57.098
that are not us

0:15:57.122,0:16:00.201
but share a common sensory environment.

0:16:00.225,0:16:02.425
We're beginning to explore what it means

0:16:02.449,0:16:03.989
to communicate with something

0:16:04.013,0:16:06.351
that isn't just another person.

0:16:06.375,0:16:09.077
Well, you can see what's coming next.

0:16:09.101,0:16:12.005
All kinds of possible sentient beings

0:16:12.029,0:16:14.029
may be interconnected through this system,

0:16:14.053,0:16:17.146
and I can't wait to see[br]these experiments unfold.

0:16:17.170,0:16:19.161
What happens after that?

0:16:19.185,0:16:21.891
Well, let's see.

0:16:21.915,0:16:25.076
There are machines that need[br]to talk to machines

0:16:25.100,0:16:28.334
and that we need to talk to,[br]and so as time goes on,

0:16:28.358,0:16:30.153
we're going to have to learn

0:16:30.177,0:16:31.921
how to communicate with computers

0:16:31.945,0:16:34.420
and how to get computers[br]to communicate with us

0:16:34.444,0:16:36.239
in the way that we're accustomed to,

0:16:36.263,0:16:39.102
not with keyboards, not with mice,

0:16:39.126,0:16:41.166
but with speech and gestures

0:16:41.190,0:16:44.150
and all the natural human language[br]that we're accustomed to.

0:16:44.174,0:16:46.287
So we'll need something like C3PO

0:16:46.311,0:16:49.735
to become a translator between ourselves

0:16:49.759,0:16:51.877
and some of the other[br]machines we live with.

0:16:51.901,0:16:54.253
Now, there is a project that's underway

0:16:54.277,0:16:56.075
called the interplanetary Internet.

0:16:56.099,0:16:58.799
It's in operation between Earth and Mars.

0:16:58.823,0:17:01.821
It's operating on the International[br]Space Station.

0:17:01.845,0:17:05.512
It's part of the spacecraft[br]that's in orbit around the Sun

0:17:05.536,0:17:07.334
that's rendezvoused with two planets.

0:17:07.358,0:17:09.598
So the interplanetary[br]system is on its way,

0:17:09.623,0:17:11.306
but there's a last project,

0:17:11.329,0:17:14.102
which the Defense Advanced[br]Research Projects Agency,

0:17:14.126,0:17:16.061
which funded the original ARPANET,

0:17:16.086,0:17:19.551
funded the Internet, funded[br]the interplanetary architecture,

0:17:19.576,0:17:22.887
is now funding a project[br]to design a spacecraft

0:17:22.911,0:17:27.049
to get to the nearest[br]star in 100 years' time.

0:17:27.073,0:17:29.652
What that means[br]is that what we're learning

0:17:29.676,0:17:31.824
with these interactions with other species

0:17:31.848,0:17:33.963
will teach us, ultimately,

0:17:33.987,0:17:37.956
how we might interact[br]with an alien from another world.

0:17:37.980,0:17:40.606
I can hardly wait.

0:17:40.630,0:17:47.807
(Applause)

0:17:47.831,0:17:48.785
June Cohen: So first of all, thank you,

0:17:48.809,0:17:51.343
and I would like to acknowledge[br]that four people

0:17:51.367,0:17:53.256
who could talk to us for full four days

0:17:53.280,0:17:55.471
actually managed to stay[br]to four minutes each,

0:17:55.495,0:17:56.854
and we thank you for that.

0:17:56.878,0:17:58.133
I have so many questions,

0:17:58.157,0:18:01.491
but maybe a few practical things[br]that the audience might want to know.

0:18:01.515,0:18:04.017
You're launching this idea here at TED —[br]PG: Today.

0:18:04.041,0:18:05.213
JC: Today. This is the first[br]time you're talking about it.

0:18:05.237,0:18:08.237
Tell me a little bit about where[br]you're going to take the idea.

0:18:08.261,0:18:09.270
What's next?

0:18:09.294,0:18:12.558
PG: I think we want[br]to engage as many people

0:18:12.582,0:18:14.618
here as possible in helping us

0:18:14.642,0:18:18.967
think of smart interfaces[br]that will make all this possible.

0:18:18.991,0:18:20.333
NG: And just mechanically,

0:18:20.357,0:18:22.838
there's a 501(c)(3) and web infrastructure

0:18:22.862,0:18:24.861
and all of that, but it's not[br]quite ready to turn on,

0:18:24.885,0:18:26.893
so we'll roll that out, and contact us

0:18:26.917,0:18:28.537
if you want the information on it.

0:18:28.561,0:18:31.644
The idea is this will be -- much[br]like the Internet functions

0:18:31.668,0:18:32.649
as a network of networks,

0:18:32.673,0:18:34.293
which is Vint's core contribution,

0:18:34.317,0:18:36.558
this will be a wrapper[br]around all of these initiatives,

0:18:36.582,0:18:39.353
that are wonderful individually,[br]to link them globally.

0:18:39.377,0:18:40.917
JC: Right, and do you have a web address

0:18:40.941,0:18:41.961
that we might look for yet?

0:18:41.985,0:18:44.747
NG: Shortly. JC: Shortly. We[br]will come back to you on that.

0:18:44.771,0:18:48.024
And very quickly, just to clarify.

0:18:48.048,0:18:50.231
Some people might have looked[br]at the video that you showed

0:18:50.255,0:18:51.739
and thought, well, that's just a webcam.

0:18:51.763,0:18:52.810
What's special about it?

0:18:52.834,0:18:54.501
If you could talk for just a moment

0:18:54.525,0:18:56.242
about how you want to go past that?

0:18:56.266,0:18:59.759
NG: So this is scalable[br]video infrastructure,

0:18:59.783,0:19:02.172
not for a few to a few but many to many,

0:19:02.196,0:19:05.182
so that it scales[br]to symmetrical video sharing

0:19:05.206,0:19:08.320
and content sharing across these[br]sites around the planet.

0:19:08.344,0:19:11.008
So there's a lot of back-end[br]signal processing,

0:19:11.032,0:19:13.626
not for one to many, but for many to many.

0:19:13.650,0:19:15.178
JC: Right, and then on a practical level,

0:19:15.202,0:19:16.889
which technologies are you[br]looking at first?

0:19:16.913,0:19:20.239
I know you mentioned that a keyboard[br]is a really key part of this.

0:19:20.263,0:19:23.275
DR: We're trying to develop[br]an interactive touch screen for dolphins.

0:19:23.299,0:19:26.109
This is sort of a continuation[br]of some of the earlier work,

0:19:26.133,0:19:28.989
and we just got our first seed[br]money today towards that,

0:19:29.013,0:19:30.362
so it's our first project.

0:19:30.386,0:19:32.101
JC: Before the talk, even. DR: Yeah.

0:19:32.125,0:19:33.452
JC: Wow. Well done.

0:19:33.476,0:19:35.953
All right, well thank you[br]all so much for joining us.

0:19:35.977,0:19:38.088
It's such a delight[br]to have you on the stage.

0:19:38.112,0:19:39.493
DR: Thank you. VC: Thank you.

0:19:39.517,0:19:44.654
(Applause)