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This presentation is delivered by the Stanford Center for Professional

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Development.

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So welcome to CS106A.

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If you don't think you should be in CS106A, you think you should be somewhere

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different, now is probably a good time

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to go, not that I would discourage anyone from taking this class. I think we'll have a lovely

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time in here.

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But this class is CS106A or E70A, so if you're,

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like, "Wait. I thought I was in E70A," you're fine. They're the same class; it's the

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same thing. No worries,

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okay? There's four handouts. They're in the back. If you haven't already gotten the handouts because you came in and

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you sat down, don't worry. You can pick them up on the way out. They're

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the same handouts. They'll still be there.

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So

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just a quick introduction. That's what the first four handouts actually give you.

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They give you a little bit of an introduction to the class, what we're gonna cover, some

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logistics for the class and some other stuff. I'm gonna go over all

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that today so we can sort of get a good idea for where we're at, okay? So just a quick show

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of hands before we get into a bunch of things in the class.

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This is kind of an intro-programming course; well, it is. I shouldn't say it's kind of an

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intro-programming course. It is an intro-programming course. And

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it's always good to get an idea as to how much familiarity you may have

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beforehand, okay?

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So just quick show of hands.

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How many people can recognize a computer that's on?

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Good, good. That's the prerequisite for this class. So if you're worried about

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how much previous experience you've had

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or your friend who, like, worked their way through high school by programming for Google or

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whatever,

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don't worry about it because all you need to know in here is basically

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either how to turn a computer on or to recognize a computer that's on if you

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were to walk up to it and it were already to be on, all right?

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So but a little bit more seriously, how many people have actually used a computer

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for anything?

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All right. I would expect most of you. So now, we begin to bump it up

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a notch. How many people have used it for word processing?

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Okay. Most folks. How many people have done web browsing?

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Yeah, I won't ask you what you look at, all right? It's just I don't wanna know.

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How many people have actually created a web page? Okay.

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Fair number. How many people have done any kind of programming before?

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Fair number.

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All right. How about how many folks have done actually programmed in Java before?

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All right. A few folks. How about another language, C, C++,

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BASIC,

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anyone program in BASIC? Yeah,

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oh, I love - that was the first language I learned, and it was kind of

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like the warm and fuzzy, and I felt good. There was actually people who argued that if you learn

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BASIC as your first language, you're brain damaged, then you're just beyond help. But if

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that's the case, we're all

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in the boat together because I'm probably brain damaged as well. The truth is I

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probably am, but that's a whole different story.

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All right. So one thing you should know kind of up front is actually this course

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is gonna be provided eventually somewhere down the line as part of

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Stanford School of Engineering Free Course Initiative,

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which means not only are we recording this course to broadcast to a bunch

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of companies and industry who are watching this course, but we're eventually

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gonna provide it free to the world.

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So how does that impact your life?

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And on the average day, it doesn't at all.

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The only way it does impact your life is just so you should know, the lawyers told me to

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tell you that your

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voice, should you ask a question, may actually be recorded as part of the

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video.

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As a result, your voice may end up going out to thousands of people or millions

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of people in the world.

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If you have an issue with that, come talk to me.

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If you don't, everything is just fine, all right? Don't worry. We're not gonna put your picture up

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or anything like that. You might wanna be on the video, like, "Hey,

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ma, I'm on

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TV." We decided that we're just gonna not show anyone actually on the video,

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but your voice may actually get recorded, okay?

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Now, along those lines, you may also notice there are some microphones in the room.

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So when you wanna ask a question, please make sure to use the microphone

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because that's not only good for people in here to be able to hear your question,

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it's also good for all the folks that this is getting broadcast to because not

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only are we gonna broadcast to the world, but there's actually some folks who are sort

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of watching this live now in various companies in Silicon Valley.

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So it's real important that you actually use the microphone, so just remember that. And

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every once in a while, I might get on your case and be, like, "Please use the microphone."

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I'm not trying to be argumentative or anything. I just wanna make sure we

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pick up all the audio, all

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right? So with that said, a little bit of an introduction. That's kind of a way of background.

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I didn't give you any sort of introduction. So just to introduce myself, my name's

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Mehran Sahami. I'm the professor for the class.

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Don't call my Professor Sahami, way too formal.

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Don't call me Mr. Sahami. That, I think of my dad.

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And don't call me Mrs. Sahami, or we're gonna have issues, all right?

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So just call me

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Mehran. We'll get along. It's just fine, all right? It's to keep things a little bit more

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informal, but that way it's a little bit easier to discuss stuff as you go along.

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There is also a head TA for the class, Ben Newman, who's standing up there. Get to know

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Ben.

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He has all the real power in this class. I'm just kind of the monkey that gets up here and

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gives the lectures. But Ben really is the one who's got all the

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power.

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Along with the head TA for the class, we have a large section leading staff. So

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the section leaders here, could you stand up if you're here? They're kind

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of all over the place, some over here, some over there, and some over there. As

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you can see, there's a pretty large number of folks. And this isn't even all of them.

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We sort of have more - we just can't stuff them all into the room -

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who are section leaders for the class, and these folks are all here to make sure

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that everyone in this class has as good an experience as possible when

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we're sort of going through the class. And the best way to reach all of us is

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email. So on Handout No. 1, you get my email and Ben's email.

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We'll tell you how to sign up for section. That's how you'll meet your section leader and get your section

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leader's email. That will all be coming soon. But email really is kind of a happy form of

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communication to

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get a hold of us, okay?

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So with that said, I wanna tell you a little bit about this class and kind of

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what we're gonna do in here and what you should expect and make sure that

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you don't feel scared off by this class, okay? Because it really is meant to sort of be an

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interesting time.

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But one question that comes up is why is this class called Programming

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Methodology,

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right? Why don't we just call this class, like,

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Programming with Java?

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And the real reason for that is that programming methodology is about good

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software engineering principles. It's about something that's much larger than

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just programming. So some people, like, they'll go and get a book somewhere and they'll

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think they learned how to program by just reading the book. And they're,

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like, "Oh, I know how to program. Isn't that great?" And it's, like,

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yeah, you might know the mechanics of the language, but the mechanics of the

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language are nothing compared to understanding the software engineering

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principles

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that go into actually developing a software system. And that's what you're gonna

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learn about in this class. You're gonna learn a lot of those principles. But in order

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to be able to use

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those principles and apply them, you also need to have the language to program in,

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and that language that we're gonna use in this class is Java. So the way I like to

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think about it and the way I tell a lot of people is writing a good program or

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learning how to program is like learning to be a good

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essay writer. And you're, like, "Oh, but part

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of the reason I'm taking this class, Mehran, is that I don't like writing essays." That's fine.

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It's okay. Trust me. I didn't like writing essays either. But

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the whole point is that when you write an essay, it's not a formulated kind of

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thing. You're, like, "Well, what about five-paragraph essays?" Yeah, just block that from

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your mind. That was a bad time, right? That was just, like, '70s education at work.

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It's not a formulated kind of thing. There's an art to writing an essay,

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right? In order to write an essay, you need to know a language. You need to know English or German or

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Hindi or whatever language you wanna use,

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but then you use that language to write an essay.

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Just knowing the language doesn't make you a good essay writer though. Being

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a good essay writer makes you a good essay writer.

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So that's the same difference in programming and software engineering. Knowing the

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language, in order to be a good programmer, like a good essayist,

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you need to know a language to write your programs in, whether that be Java or C or

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C++ or whatever. Here we're gonna use Java.

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But just knowing the language doesn't make you a good software engineer and

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doesn't make you understand what the principles are of writing good software,

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which is what you're also gonna get in this class in addition to the language, and that's kind of

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a key thing to stress.

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So if you're sort of worried, if you were kind of looking around and you saw a bunch of people raising

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their hands when I asked, "Do

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you have any previous programming experience?" and some folks raised their

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hands, and you got a little worried and you're like, "Oh, am I gonna be in some sense at

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a disadvantage because I haven't done any programming before?" The answer, plain and

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simple, is no, okay? You're

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gonna learn everything you need to learn from the first principle because as a

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matter of fact,

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in some cases you might be in slightly better shape. That's not necessarily to say

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that that's the way it will be. But

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how many people are Star Wars fans? Just wondering. Anyone? I'm

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talking about the old-school, original, like, three movies. Those were so good, and

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we're not - no George R. Binks here, all right?

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So if you remember - and sort of I'm a big Star Wars fan, and that's just a whole

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separate point.

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But in the second movie, Yoda actually said something which I thought was quite

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profound, which is he says

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sometimes you have to unlearn what you have learned.

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And one of the things we actually find is that some people who are self-taught programmers,

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some of them are just fine, and some of them are very good.

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But some of them have picked up some really bad habits along the way, and it's

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like being a bad essay writer.

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And to go from being a bad essay writer to a good essay writer, in some cases, can

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actually be harder

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than from not being an essay writer to being a good essay writer because you

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have to unlearn the bad habits.

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So if you're worried about, "Oh, I've had no previous experience,"

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don't worry. You're okay, blank slate, you're just fine. And now if you're thinking,

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"Oh, I have some previous experience. Do I have bad habits?" Don't worry. You'll be

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fine, too, okay? So it's all gonna work out.

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So the next question that kind of comes up - hopefully that helps put some of your fears

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aside.

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Another one of the things is that we really strive to make everyone successful in this

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class, okay? At some other schools,

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people wanna do computer science or they wanna do an

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engineering major or whatever. And you come into the first day of class, and they say,

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"Oh, only one third of you are actually gonna make it through this program. And

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look to the person to your left and look to the person to your right, and only one

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of you will make it through." And you're, like, "Oh,

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man, that's real nice."

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It's not like that here. As a matter of fact, we want all of you to be extremely

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successful in this class, which is why we have a huge course staff, which is why over years

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and years we've refined how we do a lot of the teaching in this class

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to make sure you have the best possible experience and to make sure that everyone

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gets through.

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And the important thing about that is that you're not competing against anyone

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except yourself in this class. It's not like we're gonna have a curve and

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we're gonna say, "Oh, we have a certain number of "F"s and a certain number of

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"D"s and a certain number of "C"s."

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All we really have going into it is an expectation that when you get out of

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here, there's a set of stuff we want you to know.

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And if you know that stuff well,

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you get an "A."

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And if everyone knows that stuff well,

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everyone gets an "A."

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And I got no problems with that. Registrar might have a problem with that, but that's okay.

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You don't need to worry about that.

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So you don't need to think about, oh,

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is someone else doing better than you or whatever. And we'll talk about

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issues of collaboration in just a little bit. All you need to think about is

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learning the stuff yourself as well as you possibly can, and you'll be just fine

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and you'll get a good grade, okay?

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So that's really all we ask,

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which is not

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a trivial amount, right? It requires you to really understand the material.

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So another question that comes up is are you in the right place, right? This

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isn't the only introductory programming class at Stanford. And so I wanna spend a

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little bit of time making sure you actually are in the right place

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by going over some of the different options. So right

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now, as you know, you're in CS106A.

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And CS106A, we're sort of happy over here,

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right? As

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a matter of fact, we're not only happy, we're happy and we're also a little bit loopy,

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right?

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There is no previous programming experience required, as I mentioned, right? All you

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need to know is basically if you can get to a computer and know how to

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figure out that it's on, you're in good shape.

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But what 106A does is it's a real rigorous class. You learn programming in

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here, and you learn it in a way that makes you ready to be an engineer if you so

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choose to be an engineer.

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That's not to say you're all gonna be engineers. I would love for all of you to

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be computer science majors, but statistics in the past show only about

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6 percent of you will be computer science majors. That's not because we

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turn anyone off to computer science;

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it's because we make programming accessible to so many people

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that you don't have to be a computer science or a Double E or even an

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engineering major to do extremely well in the class. And we actually have sort

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of a significant percentage of the entire campus undergraduate student body

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at Stanford actually goes through this class and does well, okay?

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So don't worry if you're, like, "Oh, but I'm not really a CS person." I hope

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we'll turn you into one by the end of the class. No, it's okay. But

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you'll be prepared if that's what you wanna do. So this leads into a whole

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engineering sequence

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that can go on to other engineering majors or the computer science majors.

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If you're, like, "Huh, I'm not sure if that's really what I wanna do. As a matter of fact,

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I'm so sure that's not what I wanna do,

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I only wanna get the general educational requirement out of the way, and

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I'm positive there is nothing else I wanna do. Really, no matter how much I like

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it, like, there is no way you're gonna drag me into anything that would involve

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anything remotely techie."

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They're the class CS105. And this is happy,

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yeah,

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this is kind of, oh, we're happy in our little happy world.

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And I don't wanna say it's holding hands and singing, "Kumbaya," because that's not what it is. It's a real

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class.

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But it's meant to be a general educational requirement, right? It

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doesn't lead into the 106s. It's meant to be its own self-contained class.

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You do some Java script in there. You do a little bit of what computers are about.

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Computers in society is a good time. We all hold hands. We're all happy. I don't

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teach the class, so I don't actually hold hands.

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But it's a fun time, okay? It just doesn't lead to anything else. So think of this as

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kind of a terminal class, right? So it's sort of like, well, we'll hook you up to the

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IV drip. And

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you're, like, "Well, 106A, you told me I don't need any previous background.

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Well,

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hey, Mehran, I got lots of background. I got so much background, it hurts. I got AP

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background, I got working through school doing software engineering

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background.

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I'm not sure I should be here."

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That could be the case. We have another class called CS106X, and as

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the "X" kind of implies, it's sort of the extreme games version of the class. No, it

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stands for accelerated, right, because

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"A" was already taken, so we had to come up with something else.

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So the way CS106X works is it really is a very fast-paced class. It's

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meant for people who've got previous AP exam

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credit, like, got a 4 or 5 on the AP,

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or have had significant and prior programming experience before.

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If you're not sure which one of these classes is for you, you can come talk to me

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afterwards, or I'd also encourage you, you could go to pick up the syllabus for

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CS106X and compare it to CS106A.

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This class is all in C++. And if you're thinking, "Hey, Mehran, I'm doing 106A. I wanna learn

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Java and C++," don't worry. You'll eventually, if you so choose, take a

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class called CS106B, which is where this class sort of leads to, which

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is

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C++ and all of the other stuff you would have learned in this accelerated

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class,

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okay? So you still certainly have that course path. So don't let anyone make you think -

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I know a lot of times, and especially for Stanford students, you come in here and you're, like, "Well,

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every class I took in high school was like an honors or an AP class,

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or if it wasn't an honors or an AP class, like, I had to tie half my brain

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before my head because I'm just that hardcore."

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And so everyone just wants to, like, do

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the most hardcore thing they can, right? And what I'm here to tell you is that

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you shouldn't necessarily think about it that way. You should think about it as where

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you feel most comfortable.

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Some number of years ago, let's just say greater than 10, maybe 15, I was

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sitting where you're sitting right now,

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literally.

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I was in CS106A in Terman Auditorium as a freshman,

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okay? It was perfectly fine. It worked out. I went to grad school, did the faculty

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00:14:49,279 --> 00:14:53,549
thing. It's just fine. It will open your doors to CS. You're not at any kind of

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disadvantage by starting here. So know where you've been, literally. Like, that seat

305
00:14:56,539 --> 00:14:58,439
right there was where I was

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most of the time.

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So just something to keep in mind in terms of the different options that are actually

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available to you.

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Now, with that said, let's just assume for the rest of this lecture that this is the

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right place for you. And if it's not, well, afterwards we can kind of talk about it,

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or if you really are convinced now that it's not the right place, you can feel free and try

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to

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scramble over 20 of your classmates and actually leave the room, which is

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probably impossible. All right.

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So a few other things you should know, some mechanics. So Handout No. 1, should

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you wanna follow along at home,

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is the class web page.

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And so all the stuff that we think of as course materials, including online

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copies of the handouts, things that you'll need to do for the assignments, announcements

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00:15:34,990 --> 00:15:36,220
related to the class

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are all on the class web page,

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which is

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www.stanford.edu/class/cs106a.

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And because that's just kind of a whole bunch to remember, we make your life easy

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and so there is an equivalent form of the URL, which is just

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cs106a.stanford.edu, which is the easy thing to remember. You put that in, it'll take

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you to the class web page, okay?

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And you should check that regularly because all the

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announcements and handouts - we'll give out hard copies of all the handouts in class, but

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should you happen to miss class for whatever reason, you wanna go print

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whatever copies of the handouts we're actually giving out, you can find them all on

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the web page, okay?

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Now, there's this funky thing about units. So you may have noticed that this class is for three

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00:16:20,440 --> 00:16:23,800
to five units, and that kind of brings up the natural question, "Should I take it for three

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00:16:23,799 --> 00:16:25,329
or five units?"

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If you're an undergrad, you take it for five units, end of story. That's life in the city.

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Congratulations. Five units.

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If you're a graduate student, you can have the option of taking it for three

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units if you want, if you're gonna run into some unit cap.

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It doesn't change the amount of work you have to do.

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Welcome to graduate school.

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Same work, fewer units.

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So that's just the way life is. If you have a unit cap and you're a grad student, in

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three units you can take it if you want. You can take it for five if you want as well. If you're an

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undergrad, you take it for five, all right?

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So why is it five units? And you might think, "Hey,

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this class only meets three times a week. How come it's five units?" Well, it actually

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has a fourth meeting every week, which is your section, and that's something you

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should sign up for.

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So how you actually sign up for your section

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is sections are at a bunch of different times. You don't sign up for them in

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Axess, even though they're all kind of listed in the time schedule. That's not where

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you sign up for them. In Axess, you just sign up for the class.

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How you sign up for a section is you go to a website, cs198.stanford.edu/section

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and this will give us a list of preferences for

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section times that you wanna sign up for, and there's some matching process that goes on.

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It takes all your preferences into consideration with the whole system, and

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eventually you get an email

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by sometime early next week that tells you what section you're in. And section's 50

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minutes, once a week. It's required to go to. It's actually gonna be part of your class

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participation grade, which we'll talk about in just a bit, okay?

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When do these sign-ups happen? They happen between 5:00 p.m. this Thursday

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is when they go up. So if you try to go there now, you can't sign up. Remember 5:00

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p.m. Thursday. So they're up, and then they're down

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at 5:00 p.m. on Sunday, okay? So

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make sure you sign up probably this weekend. If you're planning on being out of

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town this weekend, you wanna sign up before you go. Sign up early, but don't

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sign up often because you only need one section, okay?

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If you're an SCPD student - every once in a while you'll hear me refer to SCPD

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students. That stands for Stanford Center for Professional Development.

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They are the folks in industry who actually take this class

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via broadcast. If you're an SCPD student, you're automatically enrolled for a section,

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so you don't actually need to do this, and your section will meet at - so for SCPD

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- and if you're wondering what an SCPD student is, you're not one, okay?

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So SCPD section meets Friday from 1:15 to 2:05. It meets

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live, if you wanna go there live, in Skilling Auditorium. But if you're

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watching it remotely, it meets on Channel E2. I

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know it seems weird to say it meets on channel - what does that mean? It meets on

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Channel E2, okay? That is grammatically the correct way of saying it.

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All right.

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So there's a little bit more administrative stuff. Now,

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textbooks, right? Textbooks, there's nothing quite like the extortion that is

385
00:19:05,049 --> 00:19:07,039
textbooks. So there are

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00:19:07,039 --> 00:19:09,539
two textbooks that are required for this class. Well, one's a course reader and

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one's a textbook. The course reader is called, Karel the Robot Learns Java. You

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00:19:12,789 --> 00:19:16,079
can pick it up at the bookstore. It's relatively cheap. It was actually written by Eric

389
00:19:16,079 --> 00:19:19,799
Roberts here. And surprisingly enough, the textbook for the class was also written by

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00:19:19,799 --> 00:19:23,180
Eric Roberts, The Art and Science of Java, which is available now in your local

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00:19:23,180 --> 00:19:24,630
bookstore,

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including the bookstore on campus, so you can go and pick up a copy of this.

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00:19:27,710 --> 00:19:30,690
So both these things you actually wanna have because they're required for the

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class. We'll go through all of them. We'll go through basically everything except

395
00:19:33,759 --> 00:19:35,729
the last chapter of this book. So you

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00:19:35,729 --> 00:19:38,359
sort of get your money's worth. We're just gonna do it a little bit out of

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00:19:38,358 --> 00:19:40,689
order, but we'll go through the whole thing,

398
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okay? So email,

399
00:19:42,809 --> 00:19:45,869
how many of you have email accounts? All

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00:19:45,869 --> 00:19:48,689
right. I will ask the reverse question because I think at this point, some people just don't

401
00:19:48,690 --> 00:19:49,799
wanna put up their hands.

402
00:19:49,799 --> 00:19:53,230
How many people don't have email accounts?

403
00:19:53,230 --> 00:19:56,240
Odd how that is not the complement of the folks who had their hands up

404
00:19:56,240 --> 00:19:57,220
previously.

405
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Email's required for this class. Chances are, by being at Stanford, you've already gotten an

406
00:20:00,910 --> 00:20:03,769
email account through your SUNet ID, but if you don't have an email account, get

407
00:20:03,769 --> 00:20:06,210
an email account and that's how you'll stay in contact with us. That's how we'll stay in

408
00:20:06,210 --> 00:20:09,059
contact with you, except we'll also meet with you live in person,

409
00:20:09,059 --> 00:20:12,109
but email is kind of the general method for communication. As a matter of fact, for your

410
00:20:12,109 --> 00:20:15,178
first assignment, and part of your first assignment is to send us an email,

411
00:20:15,179 --> 00:20:16,900
just because we love you

412
00:20:16,900 --> 00:20:18,740
and we don't get enough email as it is.

413
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So you need to have an email account to be able to do that. So if you have not

414
00:20:21,470 --> 00:20:24,250
already, you can kind of get ahead of the game and go set up your email

415
00:20:24,250 --> 00:20:26,720
account. Now, don't worry. You'll get the first assignment next time. So you still get, like,

416
00:20:26,720 --> 00:20:30,350
two days of breathing space before your assignment goes out, okay?

417
00:20:30,349 --> 00:20:33,149
There is also gonna be lots of handouts in the class. They'll be either given out in class,

418
00:20:33,150 --> 00:20:36,970
well, they will be given out in class, but we'll also post them online in case you miss them.

419
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And how much real work do you do in this class? That's always kind of an interesting

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00:20:40,558 --> 00:20:40,898
question.

421
00:20:40,898 --> 00:20:43,379
So let's talk a little bit about assignments

422
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and a little bit of other logistical things.

423
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So assignments,

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00:20:49,680 --> 00:20:54,430
we'll just call them the dreaded assigns. There are seven programming assignments.

425
00:20:54,430 --> 00:20:57,120
And if you look at the syllabus Handout No. 2, it tells you when all of them

426
00:20:57,119 --> 00:21:01,149
are due all the way through by day, so you can plan out your whole quarter. It's

427
00:21:01,150 --> 00:21:03,670
just that much fun, okay?

428
00:21:03,670 --> 00:21:07,269
And these seven programming assignments are weighted slightly more toward the

429
00:21:07,269 --> 00:21:09,930
last assignments because the assignments will tend to get more complicated. That doesn't

430
00:21:09,930 --> 00:21:11,990
necessarily mean there'll be more programming;

431
00:21:11,990 --> 00:21:14,589
it just means conceptually, they'll become more complicated,

432
00:21:14,589 --> 00:21:17,789
so we tend to weigh them more toward the end of the class. So the later assignments count

433
00:21:17,789 --> 00:21:19,879
more than the early assignments.

434
00:21:19,880 --> 00:21:25,150
How you're gonna be actually doing your programming is using a little tool called Eclipse.

435
00:21:25,150 --> 00:21:28,480
And Eclipse thankfully is free, so you don't have to pay for it. As a matter of

436
00:21:28,480 --> 00:21:31,450
fact, you can download it from the CS106A website. And if you're wondering

437
00:21:31,450 --> 00:21:34,600
how you do that, don't worry. We'll give you a handout next class that explains

438
00:21:34,599 --> 00:21:36,699
to you the whole grueling process

439
00:21:36,700 --> 00:21:38,509
of downloading and installing Eclipse.

440
00:21:38,509 --> 00:21:43,230
And you can use this either on the Mac or the PC. So if you have your own

441
00:21:43,230 --> 00:21:46,480
computer, you can certainly work on this yourself. You just download it to your

442
00:21:46,480 --> 00:21:49,110
own machine. We'll explain the whole process in a handout.

443
00:21:49,109 --> 00:21:52,649
If you don't have your own computer, the public computer clusters on campus

444
00:21:52,650 --> 00:21:55,710
will have Eclipse installed on them, and so you can use Eclipse there. So you're

445
00:21:55,710 --> 00:21:58,730
sort of happy to go either way, okay? Now,

446
00:21:58,730 --> 00:22:01,429
the important thing, remember I mentioned that whole notion of software

447
00:22:01,429 --> 00:22:03,780
engineering in the class, and that's something we take really seriously, so

448
00:22:03,779 --> 00:22:06,349
seriously as a matter of fact that when you turn in your assignments, one thing we could do is we could take

449
00:22:06,349 --> 00:22:07,269
your assignments

450
00:22:07,269 --> 00:22:11,348
and we could just kind of look at it and go, "Yeah, interesting, 'B.' Here you go.

451
00:22:11,348 --> 00:22:12,589
Thanks for playing."

452
00:22:12,589 --> 00:22:16,649
And you don't learn a whole lot from them. So in order to actually learn a lot from

453
00:22:16,650 --> 00:22:19,280
your assignments, we could take your assignment and write a whole bunch of

454
00:22:19,279 --> 00:22:22,678
comments on it and hand it back to you. Even that's kind of not enough.

455
00:22:22,679 --> 00:22:26,528
What really is a little bit more that makes it more fun is every week after

456
00:22:26,528 --> 00:22:29,769
you turn in your assignment and your section leader looks it over and grades it,

457
00:22:29,769 --> 00:22:32,940
you'll actually meet with your section leader for about 10 to 15 minutes

458
00:22:32,940 --> 00:22:35,278
every week or every time an assignment is due

459
00:22:35,278 --> 00:22:38,038
to actually go over in something referred to as interactive grading. And it's

460
00:22:38,038 --> 00:22:41,450
a chance to sit there and talk with an actual human being about what's good in

461
00:22:41,450 --> 00:22:44,739
your assignment, what are some of the things you need to work on, what are some of the

462
00:22:44,739 --> 00:22:47,940
software engineering principles you need to develop. And that way, you can really

463
00:22:47,940 --> 00:22:52,499
sort of get more detailed information and be able to ask questions to develop

464
00:22:52,499 --> 00:22:55,730
yourself as a programmer as well as get help if you need help,

465
00:22:55,730 --> 00:22:59,759
okay? And that's in addition to going to section, going to class and all that stuff. So

466
00:22:59,759 --> 00:23:02,869
it's another 15 minutes a week. You'll actually schedule that time with your

467
00:23:02,869 --> 00:23:04,519
section leader on a regular basis

468
00:23:04,519 --> 00:23:07,670
when you're gonna have interactive grading or just affectionately

469
00:23:07,670 --> 00:23:11,560
referred to as IGs because at Stanford, everything's just short and we just can't

470
00:23:11,559 --> 00:23:13,809
say, like, psychology; we have to say psyche.

471
00:23:13,809 --> 00:23:17,470
So it's IG. Just remember that, all right?

472
00:23:17,470 --> 00:23:20,450
And then how are these things graded? So the other thing we could do is I told you

473
00:23:20,450 --> 00:23:22,600
we could just write "B" and hand it back to you.

474
00:23:22,599 --> 00:23:25,309
But we found that that's not really great because people get all wrapped

475
00:23:25,309 --> 00:23:27,339
around the axle about the grade.

476
00:23:27,339 --> 00:23:30,988
And so for a while, we did numbers and we're, like, huh, why don't we give a number between 1 and

477
00:23:30,989 --> 00:23:33,079
20? And so what happens there?

478
00:23:33,079 --> 00:23:35,798
People get all wrapped around the axle about numbers.

479
00:23:35,798 --> 00:23:39,099
So then we thought, huh, what was a happier time when we were in school?

480
00:23:39,099 --> 00:23:42,730
I remember when we were in school, and we used to get back assignments and they

481
00:23:42,730 --> 00:23:45,289
had, like, smiley faces on them.

482
00:23:45,289 --> 00:23:48,659
Well, we can't do that because then it doesn't appear to be a rigorous Stanford

483
00:23:48,660 --> 00:23:49,410
class.

484
00:23:49,410 --> 00:23:52,440
So instead of the smiley face,

485
00:23:52,440 --> 00:23:54,330
we come up with something else,

486
00:23:54,329 --> 00:23:59,009
which looks surprisingly like this. It's kind of involved to actually draw, so I need to

487
00:23:59,009 --> 00:24:04,980
erase the board to do it. Check.

488
00:24:04,980 --> 00:24:07,490
That's kind of the beginning of our grading scale, okay?

489
00:24:07,490 --> 00:24:11,529
And the way our grading scale works is we start off with a check in the middle,

490
00:24:11,529 --> 00:24:14,899
which says this is a pretty solid program. It meets all the requirements

491
00:24:14,900 --> 00:24:19,169
for the program. Maybe it's got a little problem here or there, but it's a check.

492
00:24:19,169 --> 00:24:22,950
Then we have sort of two grades on the two sides of it: check plus and check

493
00:24:22,950 --> 00:24:23,980
minus.

494
00:24:23,980 --> 00:24:26,048
Check plus is, like,

495
00:24:26,048 --> 00:24:27,168
solid.

496
00:24:27,169 --> 00:24:31,520
You did a great job; you got everything right; things look good, a nice style in

497
00:24:31,519 --> 00:24:35,619
your program, nice software engineering, and the program works flawlessly.

498
00:24:35,619 --> 00:24:39,308
Good job. This is like total "A."

499
00:24:39,308 --> 00:24:42,920
Check is kind of like, yeah, you're sort of there. It's kind of like "A" minus, "B" plus,

500
00:24:42,920 --> 00:24:45,110
maybe on some occasions "B."

501
00:24:45,109 --> 00:24:47,399
But it's kind of like it's pretty good work; you're in pretty good

502
00:24:47,400 --> 00:24:48,710
shape here.

503
00:24:48,710 --> 00:24:52,440
And so a lot of grades in this class ends up being check pluses and checks, and if that's

504
00:24:52,440 --> 00:24:55,070
the case, you're perfectly fine grade-wise.

505
00:24:55,069 --> 00:24:59,009
Check minus, as you can imagine, this is kind of thinking about "B," "B" minus. It's,

506
00:24:59,009 --> 00:25:02,730
yeah, there are some slightly more significant problems with your program.

507
00:25:02,730 --> 00:25:05,130
But that's not where it ends, right, because we wanna

508
00:25:05,130 --> 00:25:09,090
be able to even shoot for in some sense bigger gustoes. There was a plus

509
00:25:09,089 --> 00:25:10,480
and a minus.

510
00:25:10,480 --> 00:25:12,450
So plus is like,

511
00:25:12,450 --> 00:25:15,660
oh, nice job, kind of a hearty

512
00:25:15,660 --> 00:25:18,150
pat on the back. If you get

513
00:25:18,150 --> 00:25:20,940
pluses all the way through on all your assignments, you're in a pretty good

514
00:25:20,940 --> 00:25:22,539
candidate to get an "A" plus.

515
00:25:22,539 --> 00:25:26,569
And minus, like, just take good over here and replace it with bad, it's kind of like,

516
00:25:26,569 --> 00:25:28,250
oh,

517
00:25:28,250 --> 00:25:31,730
bad times, right,

518
00:25:31,730 --> 00:25:36,669
or maybe, you know - but

519
00:25:36,669 --> 00:25:40,028
even there was, like, more significant problems with this program or just the

520
00:25:40,028 --> 00:25:42,759
style on the program is just really bad.

521
00:25:42,759 --> 00:25:46,879
But even there, we don't stop. And you're, like, "Come on, man. Like, I thought the whole reason

522
00:25:46,880 --> 00:25:51,490
was to simplify this." Don't worry. And it gets even better because we have a plus-plus

523
00:25:51,490 --> 00:25:55,599
and a minus-minus. And at this point, we've run out of board space, so we can't go any further.

524
00:25:55,599 --> 00:25:57,009
But a plus-plus

525
00:25:57,009 --> 00:25:59,249
is just outrageous,

526
00:25:59,249 --> 00:26:02,409
right? It's the kind of thing - so this is the kind of thing your section leader can't

527
00:26:02,409 --> 00:26:03,399
actually give you

528
00:26:03,398 --> 00:26:05,679
without coming and talking to Ben and I first

529
00:26:05,680 --> 00:26:09,480
because they get a program that just goes - it has to actually exceed the

530
00:26:09,480 --> 00:26:11,860
requirements for the assignment. It's by a long shot.

531
00:26:11,859 --> 00:26:14,758
Like, you'll get all your assignment requirements, and what we encourage you

532
00:26:14,759 --> 00:26:18,429
to do is you can do a grade assignment and get everything right and have good style,

533
00:26:18,429 --> 00:26:21,710
and you'll be in this category. And for the later assignments, you may be in this category if it's

534
00:26:21,710 --> 00:26:22,390
flawless.

535
00:26:22,390 --> 00:26:25,659
But we'll actually - if you want to go for the plus-plus,

536
00:26:25,659 --> 00:26:28,740
go beyond the assignment requirements. And the way we think about the plus-plus, it's a

537
00:26:28,740 --> 00:26:30,659
program that makes you weep

538
00:26:30,659 --> 00:26:32,040
in a good way.

539
00:26:32,039 --> 00:26:35,000
It's just like your section leader sees it, and they're just, like,

540
00:26:35,000 --> 00:26:38,558
this is so good, I've gotta show someone else. And they come and show Ben and

541
00:26:38,558 --> 00:26:42,470
I, and we're, like, sitting there looking at this on a monitor, and, like, tears are just welling in our eyes, and there was,

542
00:26:42,470 --> 00:26:43,380
like,

543
00:26:43,380 --> 00:26:46,810
soft violin music playing in the background and we get out the wine and

544
00:26:46,809 --> 00:26:47,720
cheese.

545
00:26:47,720 --> 00:26:52,880
So this is just, like, this is the kind of thing that gets you, like,

546
00:26:52,880 --> 00:26:56,350
remembered and the, oh, if you want a letter of recommendation, just ask because you got

547
00:26:56,349 --> 00:26:59,349
a plus-plus. Like, oh,

548
00:26:59,349 --> 00:27:03,168
it's awesome, right? There are very few of these in a quarter. So just by sort of

549
00:27:03,169 --> 00:27:06,460
way of comparison, in a class this size, probably throughout the span of the

550
00:27:06,460 --> 00:27:09,950
whole quarter, I'd expect there to be maybe ten plus-pluses,

551
00:27:09,950 --> 00:27:13,610
I mean, ten assignment plus-pluses, not ten students who get plus-pluses across the

552
00:27:13,609 --> 00:27:13,959
board.

553
00:27:13,960 --> 00:27:16,808
So it's really something to strive for, but if you strive for it,

554
00:27:16,808 --> 00:27:20,599
like, we're giving you the credit for it. And this gets remembered and you get, like,

555
00:27:20,599 --> 00:27:22,699
extra credit and everything.

556
00:27:22,700 --> 00:27:25,019
So we're left with this,

557
00:27:25,019 --> 00:27:29,849
right? This assignment also makes you weep,

558
00:27:29,849 --> 00:27:33,309
but not in the good way, right? It makes you kind of weep in the sense, like, I look at

559
00:27:33,309 --> 00:27:34,769
them and I'm, like,

560
00:27:34,769 --> 00:27:39,319
oh, man, like, what did I teach? Like, where did I go wrong, right? I, like,

561
00:27:39,319 --> 00:27:40,619
blame myself.

562
00:27:40,619 --> 00:27:44,629
I blame you a little bit, but I blame myself.

563
00:27:44,630 --> 00:27:47,450
And this is really just, like, the program is just, like, it's a

564
00:27:47,450 --> 00:27:50,830
shell. Like, there really wasn't much effort that was put into it. Yeah, you slapped something together

565
00:27:50,829 --> 00:27:53,139
or it doesn't really work,

566
00:27:53,140 --> 00:27:56,030
that whole deal. And then if you don't turn anything in, we do kind of reserve the

567
00:27:56,029 --> 00:27:58,579
zero to distinguish from the

568
00:27:58,579 --> 00:28:02,720
"made really bad effort" versus "didn't make any effort at all."

569
00:28:02,720 --> 00:28:06,410
And we just won't talk about these, right? Let's just hope we can avoid those

570
00:28:06,410 --> 00:28:10,100
if possible. But that's kind of how the grading scale works now. Now,

571
00:28:10,099 --> 00:28:13,859
at the same time, I trust all of you to be responsible people.

572
00:28:13,859 --> 00:28:17,329
And every once in a while, something bad happens to a good person, and

573
00:28:17,329 --> 00:28:20,558
there's an assignment that you'd like to be able to turn in, but for whatever reason, you

574
00:28:20,558 --> 00:28:23,710
can't turn in on time. And I just wanna treat you like adults.

575
00:28:23,710 --> 00:28:27,700
I don't want you to have to worry about coming in and asking for an extension

576
00:28:27,700 --> 00:28:31,298
or, like, "Oh, I had this really hard thing in another class, and I couldn't do it at the same time." Up

577
00:28:31,298 --> 00:28:32,109
front,

578
00:28:32,109 --> 00:28:34,229
everyone gets two free extensions, okay? So

579
00:28:34,230 --> 00:28:38,930
in terms of late days - we refer to these as late days, strangely enough - you

580
00:28:38,930 --> 00:28:40,509
get two free ones.

581
00:28:40,509 --> 00:28:44,440
What a late day is, is a class day. They're not 24-hour days, but class days.

582
00:28:44,440 --> 00:28:48,059
So if something is due on a Wednesday, you turned in on a Friday, that's a late

583
00:28:48,059 --> 00:28:49,059
day. That's one.

584
00:28:49,059 --> 00:28:51,888
You turn it in on the following Monday, that's two late days.

585
00:28:51,888 --> 00:28:54,599
You can split up your two late days among two different assignments. You can use

586
00:28:54,599 --> 00:28:56,148
them both on one assignment.

587
00:28:56,148 --> 00:28:59,819
But we encourage you to not use them at all because if you use your late days, you fall behind

588
00:28:59,819 --> 00:29:00,868
in the class.

589
00:29:00,868 --> 00:29:05,038
The way you should think about these things are these are pre-approved extensions.

590
00:29:05,038 --> 00:29:08,190
They're not the kind of thing where you just think, "Oh, yeah, I'm not gonna do the

591
00:29:08,190 --> 00:29:11,190
assignment because I wanna go and play Frisbee golf," right?

592
00:29:11,190 --> 00:29:14,330
Think of it, well, you wouldn't come ask me for an extension - you might, but you probably wouldn't

593
00:29:14,329 --> 00:29:17,619
ask me for an extension if you're, like, "Hey, hey, Mehran, can I turn in the

594
00:29:17,619 --> 00:29:19,599
assignment, like, on Wednesday because

595
00:29:19,599 --> 00:29:22,719
I'm playing Frisbee golf this afternoon," right? If you would feel embarrassed

596
00:29:22,720 --> 00:29:25,798
asking that question, you probably don't wanna use one of your free late days.

597
00:29:25,798 --> 00:29:27,460
But something happens like,

598
00:29:27,460 --> 00:29:30,809
oh, it's a tough week, you've got midterms in other classes and you got this assignment

599
00:29:30,809 --> 00:29:32,879
due or whatever, that's a good time to use it.

600
00:29:32,880 --> 00:29:36,280
So we just trust you. And most people, we actually encourage you not to use them

601
00:29:36,279 --> 00:29:39,170
because it just makes you fall behind in the class.

602
00:29:39,170 --> 00:29:42,200
Because we trust you and we give you these two up front, getting extensions

603
00:29:42,200 --> 00:29:45,809
beyond your two free class days is virtually impossible because we sort of

604
00:29:45,809 --> 00:29:46,539
up front said,

605
00:29:46,539 --> 00:29:49,210
hey, it's your responsibility. We're giving you two freebies.

606
00:29:49,210 --> 00:29:52,470
We're not gonna give you a third extension. Imagine if you had to come ask us for three

607
00:29:52,470 --> 00:29:55,539
extensions. By the third one, we'd be, like, okay, what's going on, which is why

608
00:29:55,539 --> 00:29:57,710
we don't necessarily give extensions beyond these two.

609
00:29:57,710 --> 00:30:00,858
The only time we might give an extension beyond the two free ones is for

610
00:30:00,858 --> 00:30:02,149
something major, like

611
00:30:02,150 --> 00:30:06,300
death in the family or, like, serious medical problems that might require surgery or

612
00:30:06,299 --> 00:30:07,250
something like that.

613
00:30:07,250 --> 00:30:10,349
Every once in a while, unfortunately, that happens. I hope it doesn't happen in this

614
00:30:10,349 --> 00:30:10,738
class.

615
00:30:10,739 --> 00:30:13,869
But those are the only kinds of things that we give extensions to beyond the two

616
00:30:13,868 --> 00:30:15,058
free late days.

617
00:30:15,058 --> 00:30:18,739
Importantly, don't ask your section leader for extensions. They cannot grant you

618
00:30:18,739 --> 00:30:22,249
extensions. Only Ben, who has all the power in this class, can give extensions, which

619
00:30:22,249 --> 00:30:25,308
is why you should get to know Ben and then hopefully you won't need to talk to him about

620
00:30:25,308 --> 00:30:27,629
extensions, okay? So

621
00:30:27,630 --> 00:30:31,610
other thing to keep in mind is that three days late is the max.

622
00:30:31,609 --> 00:30:36,129
Beyond three days late, which is basically one class week, if you think

623
00:30:36,130 --> 00:30:39,390
about late days being class days, we will not accept an assignment. And the reason

624
00:30:39,390 --> 00:30:42,130
for that is at a certain point, you're so late, you're better off just doing the

625
00:30:42,130 --> 00:30:44,120
next assignment, letting the old one go.

626
00:30:44,119 --> 00:30:48,409
So to sort of enforce that policy, after three days, we don't accept that

627
00:30:48,410 --> 00:30:51,259
assignment late anymore. It's just gonna be a zero if it's not turned in, okay?

628
00:30:51,259 --> 00:30:53,200
And that just kind of forces you to keep up.

629
00:30:53,200 --> 00:30:56,870
Couple other minor things, well, I shouldn't say they're minor things. They're actually kind of important. Exams: There's

630
00:30:56,869 --> 00:30:59,539
two exams in this class. There's a midterm and a final.

631
00:30:59,539 --> 00:31:04,259
Both of them are, well, I shouldn't say both. The midterm is out of class. It's

632
00:31:04,259 --> 00:31:07,730
from 7:00 to 8:30 p.m.

633
00:31:07,730 --> 00:31:13,250
on Tuesday, October 30. And it's on the syllabus. It's there. It's on the syllabus; it's

634
00:31:13,250 --> 00:31:16,630
on Handout No. 1. We repeat it multiple times. The date will eventually be announced

635
00:31:16,630 --> 00:31:18,019
when we get close to the midterm.

636
00:31:18,019 --> 00:31:22,460
But if you have a conflict with this time, you need to send me email, okay?

637
00:31:22,460 --> 00:31:26,670
You can send me email a little closer to the midterm because I'll announce it again for people who have

638
00:31:26,670 --> 00:31:27,179
conflicts.

639
00:31:27,179 --> 00:31:31,759
But since it's an out-of-class exam, you need to send me email if you have a conflict.

640
00:31:31,759 --> 00:31:34,868
I'll get all the constraints from people who have conflicts and try to schedule an

641
00:31:34,868 --> 00:31:36,808
alternate time if there's enough people with conflicts.

642
00:31:36,808 --> 00:31:40,879
But 7:00 to 8:30 is when you need to know about the midterm. And to make up for

643
00:31:40,880 --> 00:31:43,420
the fact that we have an out-of-class midterm, I actually give you sort of

644
00:31:43,420 --> 00:31:46,769
a belated free day, which is the Friday of the week of the midterm, we don't have

645
00:31:46,769 --> 00:31:50,109
class to make up for the fact that we made you come to the midterm outside of class.

646
00:31:50,109 --> 00:31:53,308
But the midterm's an hour and a half, and we can't compress time. If we could, we'd

647
00:31:53,308 --> 00:31:54,480
have different issues.

648
00:31:54,480 --> 00:31:57,308
We can't compress time and fit it into a 50 minute class, which is why it's

649
00:31:57,308 --> 00:31:59,399
out of class, but you get a free day for it,

650
00:31:59,400 --> 00:32:01,750
all right? Last but not least,

651
00:32:01,750 --> 00:32:03,970
few things about grading.

652
00:32:03,970 --> 00:32:06,490
Grading, one of those things as you might be able to tell from this little board

653
00:32:06,490 --> 00:32:09,620
over here or something, if I didn't have to do it, I wouldn't do it

654
00:32:09,619 --> 00:32:13,779
because honestly, as corny as this sounds, I just believe in the love of learning.

655
00:32:13,779 --> 00:32:16,549
Like, I think if you're passionate about something, you just go do it and you

656
00:32:16,549 --> 00:32:17,629
learn it.

657
00:32:17,630 --> 00:32:21,550
But I'm na?ve, and so that's not the way learning always works. So sometimes we

658
00:32:21,549 --> 00:32:24,859
actually need grading to make sure that learning takes place. And so this is how your

659
00:32:24,859 --> 00:32:26,378
grade breaks down:

660
00:32:26,378 --> 00:32:30,759
Forty-five percent of your grade is on the programming assignments, okay?

661
00:32:30,759 --> 00:32:34,740
Fifteen percent is the midterm, which we'll just call the mid because we like to

662
00:32:34,740 --> 00:32:36,380
abbreviate everything.

663
00:32:36,380 --> 00:32:41,019
Thirty percent is the final. It's a three-hour final exam in the regular final

664
00:32:41,019 --> 00:32:42,528
time slot for this class.

665
00:32:42,528 --> 00:32:45,619
If you think or are under the delusion that you should take two

666
00:32:45,619 --> 00:32:47,269
classes at the same time,

667
00:32:47,269 --> 00:32:50,269
that's a bad idea because their final exams are at the same time,

668
00:32:50,269 --> 00:32:54,349
okay? So you should not take two classes as the same time

669
00:32:54,349 --> 00:32:57,649
because our final exam is scheduled for - I believe it's December 13, which

670
00:32:57,650 --> 00:32:58,080
is a

671
00:32:58,079 --> 00:33:01,730
Thursday, 12:15 to 3:15. That's the regular final exam slot for

672
00:33:01,730 --> 00:33:05,210
this class. And any other class at the same time will conflict with that slot. Thirty

673
00:33:05,210 --> 00:33:08,559
percent of your grade is the final. And that, if you add it all up,

674
00:33:08,559 --> 00:33:12,589
it's not just that I'm bad with math. It's because 10 percent of your grade is actually

675
00:33:12,589 --> 00:33:16,129
participation. And this is things like

676
00:33:16,130 --> 00:33:19,240
did you go to your interactive grading sessions? Did you regularly attend

677
00:33:19,240 --> 00:33:22,740
section? Did you participate in section? Did you participate in class, right?

678
00:33:22,740 --> 00:33:26,259
And so, in order to help you participate in class,

679
00:33:26,259 --> 00:33:29,890
there's a little incentive to participate in class, which is sugar in the afternoon.

680
00:33:29,890 --> 00:33:32,980
So someone raise their hand. All

681
00:33:32,980 --> 00:33:35,769
right.

682
00:33:35,769 --> 00:33:38,220
Yeah, sometimes I'm not a good shot. And this will tell you, if you're sitting in

683
00:33:38,220 --> 00:33:43,309
the back of the room, I can't throw a Kit Kat back there because they're a little

684
00:33:43,309 --> 00:33:44,599


685
00:33:44,599 --> 00:33:45,278
too light. Oh, yeah, sorry.

686
00:33:45,278 --> 00:33:49,278
If you sit in the back of the room, the roof prevents me from actually being able to hit

687
00:33:49,278 --> 00:33:53,359
you. So if you want the food, come up. But if you ask questions in class,

688
00:33:53,359 --> 00:33:56,769
hey, that's a good time. It's just a little way to be able to reward you for

689
00:33:56,769 --> 00:33:58,440
actually participating in class

690
00:33:58,440 --> 00:34:01,139
or to keep your blood sugar up if you need it, all right?

691
00:34:01,138 --> 00:34:05,008
So that's participation. It's 10 percent of your grade, and as a matter of fact, at the end of the quarter, I ask

692
00:34:05,009 --> 00:34:08,599
every one of your section leaders to actually tell me how much you participated in class, and

693
00:34:08,599 --> 00:34:11,918
some of them just say, "Oh, this person was wonderful. They came every time. They participated.

694
00:34:11,918 --> 00:34:13,128
It's just a great thing."

695
00:34:13,128 --> 00:34:15,858
And that helps your grade out a lot, okay?

696
00:34:15,858 --> 00:34:17,469
Now, the final thing,

697
00:34:17,469 --> 00:34:18,969
and as you can kind of tell,

698
00:34:18,969 --> 00:34:21,399
most of the time, I'm not the most serious person in the world. I just like

699
00:34:21,400 --> 00:34:24,059
to have fun with things, and I think it's important for you to have fun with

700
00:34:24,059 --> 00:34:24,958
things.

701
00:34:24,958 --> 00:34:28,277
There is just one place where I get real serious, and it's one place where Stanford

702
00:34:28,277 --> 00:34:29,728
gets real serious.

703
00:34:29,728 --> 00:34:32,848
Anyone wanna guess what that is?

704
00:34:32,849 --> 00:34:35,899
Plagiarism and the honor code. As a matter of fact, that's what we call a social. So we

705
00:34:35,898 --> 00:34:38,989
had someone down here who got it and then a whole bunch of people who I don't

706
00:34:38,989 --> 00:34:44,967
know, so we just spray. All right.

707
00:34:44,969 --> 00:34:47,969
So the honor code,

708
00:34:47,969 --> 00:34:50,369
in terms of the honor code, the

709
00:34:50,369 --> 00:34:54,559
question comes up is what is the honor code all about, and how does that affect working

710
00:34:54,559 --> 00:34:57,609
in groups and computer science, etc.?

711
00:34:57,608 --> 00:35:00,058
Does that mean we shouldn't talk to each other?

712
00:35:00,059 --> 00:35:03,989
No. The answer to all those is no, okay? If you look at Handout No. 4,

713
00:35:03,989 --> 00:35:05,809
which is all about the honor code,

714
00:35:05,809 --> 00:35:08,849
we encourage you to talk to each other. We encourage you to talk about concepts

715
00:35:08,849 --> 00:35:12,110
in the class, talk about different strategies to problems, to think about

716
00:35:12,110 --> 00:35:14,659
the ways that you could potentially approach some problem or

717
00:35:14,659 --> 00:35:17,739
the way different control constructs when we eventually get to them work in the

718
00:35:17,739 --> 00:35:20,659
class. And discussion is perfectly fine,

719
00:35:20,659 --> 00:35:23,729
especially among the course staff, but also amongst yourselves. That's a great

720
00:35:23,728 --> 00:35:24,578
thing.

721
00:35:24,579 --> 00:35:28,359
So where do we draw the line? And we try to make a bright line for where you've

722
00:35:28,358 --> 00:35:31,929
crossed the line for the honor code, which is

723
00:35:31,929 --> 00:35:35,318
don't share code,

724
00:35:35,318 --> 00:35:36,429
plain and simple,

725
00:35:36,429 --> 00:35:38,450
in any respect, okay?

726
00:35:38,449 --> 00:35:41,848
Don't give a file to someone else that's got your code in it. Don't get code

727
00:35:41,849 --> 00:35:45,229
from someone else. Don't look at someone else's printout. Don't give them a

728
00:35:45,228 --> 00:35:45,659
printout.

729
00:35:45,659 --> 00:35:49,190
If you have two people who are sitting looking at the same screen together,

730
00:35:49,190 --> 00:35:51,159
that code can't belong to both of you.

731
00:35:51,159 --> 00:35:52,358
It belongs to one of you.

732
00:35:52,358 --> 00:35:56,028
I don't know which one, but it becomes an honor code violation. So you shouldn't

733
00:35:56,028 --> 00:35:59,059
both - two people shouldn't be staring at the monitor together.

734
00:35:59,059 --> 00:36:02,829
If it ever gets to the point where you're looking at someone else's code, that's

735
00:36:02,829 --> 00:36:05,228
where you're gonna reach an issue, okay?

736
00:36:05,228 --> 00:36:07,408
Discuss as much as you want. That's great.

737
00:36:07,409 --> 00:36:10,429
Write your own code. That's all we care about. And you're, like, "Well, what is

738
00:36:10,429 --> 00:36:14,880
code, Mehran? What does that word mean?" Code is geek speak for your program,

739
00:36:14,880 --> 00:36:18,079
so when you program, the program that you write is what we affectionately refer to

740
00:36:18,079 --> 00:36:19,329
as code.

741
00:36:19,329 --> 00:36:23,028
And the idea of programming is what we refer to as coding,

742
00:36:23,028 --> 00:36:25,639
strangely enough. Computer scientists need to make everything

743
00:36:25,639 --> 00:36:28,160
more complicated than it really is so we can

744
00:36:28,159 --> 00:36:31,449
get people under the illusion that they should pay us lots of money to do what we do.

745
00:36:31,449 --> 00:36:35,409
I mean, you're, like, "Oh, I just write programs." And they're, like, "Oh, yeah, I should pay you

746
00:36:35,409 --> 00:36:38,348
half." And you're, like, "No, no, no. I write code." And they're, like, "Oh, yeah." Suddenly, it's much more

747
00:36:38,349 --> 00:36:40,009
impressive. So

748
00:36:40,009 --> 00:36:40,920
don't share code.

749
00:36:40,920 --> 00:36:44,780
The other thing is if you talk to other people, like if you have a study group to

750
00:36:44,780 --> 00:36:48,220
talk about solution approaches or you go, let's say, talk to the TA or your section

751
00:36:48,219 --> 00:36:48,648
leader

752
00:36:48,648 --> 00:36:51,318
to how you should approach a problem, and they give you a lot of hints as to how

753
00:36:51,318 --> 00:36:52,739
to do it,

754
00:36:52,739 --> 00:36:55,528
cite collaboration.

755
00:36:55,528 --> 00:37:00,119
So cite and collaboration gets you out of trouble. Any collaboration that you cite

756
00:37:00,119 --> 00:37:03,250
you cannot be held responsible for under the honor code.

757
00:37:03,250 --> 00:37:06,949
You can actually copy someone else's program and say, "I copied this program

758
00:37:06,949 --> 00:37:08,228
from Mary Smith."

759
00:37:08,228 --> 00:37:09,748
And I'll look at that and say,

760
00:37:09,748 --> 00:37:12,598
"They cited it," and it will warm the cockles of my heart.

761
00:37:12,599 --> 00:37:15,769
And Mary Smith will get full credit, and you'll get a zero because you copied your

762
00:37:15,768 --> 00:37:17,218
program from Mary Smith,

763
00:37:17,219 --> 00:37:22,289
but it's not an honor code violation because you cited the work, okay? So

764
00:37:22,289 --> 00:37:26,929
the bottom line is keep yourself safe and cite your collaborations. And I

765
00:37:26,929 --> 00:37:29,450
guarantee you most of the time, you'll be just fine.

766
00:37:29,449 --> 00:37:32,439
Now, you might wonder why do I make such a big deal about this. And the reason I

767
00:37:32,440 --> 00:37:35,470
make a big deal about this is for a while, thankfully it's not true anymore, but

768
00:37:35,469 --> 00:37:36,359
for a while,

769
00:37:36,360 --> 00:37:39,890
the computer science department actually had more honor code violations than the

770
00:37:39,889 --> 00:37:43,118
rest of the university combined.

771
00:37:43,119 --> 00:37:45,519
Take everything else in the university, put them all together, they were like over

772
00:37:45,518 --> 00:37:48,808
here. And we're, like, we're computer science,

773
00:37:48,809 --> 00:37:52,450
which is not a fun distinction to have, let me tell you.

774
00:37:52,449 --> 00:37:55,368
And you might wonder why is that? Is that because computer science people are just

775
00:37:55,369 --> 00:37:58,028
mischievous and dishonest? No.

776
00:37:58,028 --> 00:38:01,898
It's because it's easier to catch honor code violations in computer science. We have a

777
00:38:01,898 --> 00:38:05,118
whole bunch of tools that allow us - then we take all your programs and we run them through

778
00:38:05,119 --> 00:38:07,809
this tool, and it compares them not only to everyone else in here, but, like,

779
00:38:07,809 --> 00:38:11,119
to everyone from the last, like, X years where X is the large number of people who've

780
00:38:11,119 --> 00:38:13,209
ever gone through the classes, right?

781
00:38:13,208 --> 00:38:16,588
And it's an extremely good tool from finding where honor code violations

782
00:38:16,588 --> 00:38:17,029
happen,

783
00:38:17,030 --> 00:38:18,909
from where they don't. And it

784
00:38:18,909 --> 00:38:23,139
doesn't find spurious violations. To be honest, I've never lost an honor code

785
00:38:23,139 --> 00:38:24,349
case. When I

786
00:38:24,349 --> 00:38:26,480
find an honor code case,

787
00:38:26,480 --> 00:38:27,630
it is blatant.

788
00:38:27,630 --> 00:38:30,110
And you take it to judicial affairs, and they look at it, and they're, like,

789
00:38:30,110 --> 00:38:31,269
yeah, this is blatant.

790
00:38:31,268 --> 00:38:34,318
And I take it to the student, and every student I've ever confronted them

791
00:38:34,318 --> 00:38:38,139
with never said, "No, no, no. I didn't cheat." They said, "You caught me," okay?

792
00:38:38,139 --> 00:38:41,639
So it's blatant. It's not like, oh, there's some little line in it, "Oh, am I gonna need to

793
00:38:41,639 --> 00:38:43,638
worry about an honor code violation?"

794
00:38:43,639 --> 00:38:47,249
Remember those rules, you have nothing to worry about in this class. It's people who go and,

795
00:38:47,248 --> 00:38:50,748
like, fish out printouts from the recycle bins and copy other people's

796
00:38:50,748 --> 00:38:53,329
code that are the people we catch, right? It's blatant cheating

797
00:38:53,329 --> 00:38:54,179
that we catch.

798
00:38:54,179 --> 00:38:55,090
But we catch it.

799
00:38:55,090 --> 00:38:59,298
We catch it all the time. So I hope, I pray it doesn't happen in this class.

800
00:38:59,298 --> 00:39:02,038
But the reason I make a big deal about it is historically if I look at the

801
00:39:02,039 --> 00:39:05,630
evidence, it happens and we catch it. And when we catch it, we're required by the

802
00:39:05,630 --> 00:39:09,088
university to prosecute. And I feel bad because usually it's someone who just made a

803
00:39:09,088 --> 00:39:10,179
bad call, like,

804
00:39:10,179 --> 00:39:13,289
they were up way too late the night before working on something else, and

805
00:39:13,289 --> 00:39:16,909
they're not thinking straight. And rather than just taking a late day or turning in their

806
00:39:16,909 --> 00:39:19,608
assignment late and getting a slight penalty on it beyond their two free late

807
00:39:19,608 --> 00:39:20,369
days,

808
00:39:20,369 --> 00:39:23,470
they decide to cheat. And that's just always the wrong call, okay?

809
00:39:23,469 --> 00:39:26,879
So you just don't wanna put yourself in that situation. So I get real serious

810
00:39:26,880 --> 00:39:31,778
about it for a moment, and hopefully it won't be an issue and we can just kind of go on, okay?

811
00:39:31,778 --> 00:39:35,088
So with that said, that's a whole bunch of logistical stuff.

812
00:39:35,088 --> 00:39:38,108
Any questions about the logistics of this class or anything I just talked

813
00:39:38,108 --> 00:39:42,929
about? Uh huh? You had briefly mentioned the late penalty.

814
00:39:42,929 --> 00:39:44,410
Oh, the late penalty, good point.

815
00:39:44,409 --> 00:39:46,399
So remember our little bucket scale.

816
00:39:46,400 --> 00:39:50,349
If you go beyond your two free late days, every day you turn in an assignment late beyond

817
00:39:50,349 --> 00:39:52,319
those, it drops down one bucket.

818
00:39:52,320 --> 00:39:55,550
So let's say you already used your two free late days on Assignment No. 1. And on

819
00:39:55,550 --> 00:39:58,310
Assignment No. 2, you turned in something one day late and you would have gotten a

820
00:39:58,309 --> 00:40:00,179
check normally, it becomes a check minus.

821
00:40:00,179 --> 00:40:06,108
So that's how it is. It's one bucket per late day beyond your two free ones. Uh huh? Are the sections first come, first served?

822
00:40:06,108 --> 00:40:09,308
Yeah, the sign-ups, well, they take into consideration your preference, but

823
00:40:09,309 --> 00:40:12,369
part of your preference is to do the match is first come, first served.

824
00:40:12,369 --> 00:40:14,899
So you wanna sign up early.

825
00:40:14,898 --> 00:40:15,778
Oh,

826
00:40:15,778 --> 00:40:17,518
thanks for your honesty. As a matter of fact,

827
00:40:17,518 --> 00:40:20,699
I dig honesty, all right?

828
00:40:20,699 --> 00:40:23,679
Any other questions?

829
00:40:23,679 --> 00:40:29,058
It's just honesty's cool. Uh huh? How much time should we plan on studying [inaudible]?

830
00:40:29,059 --> 00:40:32,039
Oh, good question. How much time should you plan? And this is something that I say for

831
00:40:32,039 --> 00:40:34,470
classes in general at Stanford, which is not always true,

832
00:40:34,469 --> 00:40:37,559
which is take the number of units that a class is,

833
00:40:37,559 --> 00:40:43,128
multiply it by three. That's how many hours you'll spend per week in that class, total,

834
00:40:43,128 --> 00:40:44,230
on average.

835
00:40:44,230 --> 00:40:47,719
So what that means is in 106A, a 5 unit class, you multiply by 3, you

836
00:40:47,719 --> 00:40:49,029
get 15.

837
00:40:49,030 --> 00:40:52,390
Five of those hours are roughly spent between class, section, interactive grading,

838
00:40:52,389 --> 00:40:53,289
other stuff.

839
00:40:53,289 --> 00:40:57,050
That means on average about ten hours a week will be spent on your assignments

840
00:40:57,050 --> 00:40:58,310
in this class.

841
00:40:58,309 --> 00:41:01,690
Again, that's an average. Sometimes when I go to computer science conferences, I sit there and joke

842
00:41:01,690 --> 00:41:04,380
around with plans. And we're, like, "Oh, how long did your assignments take?"

843
00:41:04,380 --> 00:41:07,619
And I say, "Oh, on average, ten hours." And what I really mean when I say on average 10

844
00:41:07,619 --> 00:41:07,999
hours

845
00:41:07,998 --> 00:41:10,858
is they take between 3 and 45,

846
00:41:10,858 --> 00:41:14,058
okay? It's a large variance event, right?

847
00:41:14,059 --> 00:41:17,439
Ten is the average. Some people take a really long time. Some people get through it

848
00:41:17,438 --> 00:41:21,358
really quickly, but that's about the average you can plan for. Uh huh?

849
00:41:21,358 --> 00:41:27,598
Another question? [Inaudible] late days [inaudible] class days?

850
00:41:27,599 --> 00:41:32,009
Yeah, all late days are class days, so the free ones -

851
00:41:32,009 --> 00:41:35,579
the halfway mark's really my reach. That's about it.

852
00:41:35,579 --> 00:41:39,900
All right. So I do wanna give you your very beginning of an introduction to

853
00:41:39,900 --> 00:41:42,778
programming before we sort of break for the day. How

854
00:41:42,778 --> 00:41:45,880
are we doing on time?

855
00:41:45,880 --> 00:41:49,108
And so in order to kind of see this,

856
00:41:49,108 --> 00:41:51,739
there's a few things that we wanna keep in mind. Actually, let me show you a

857
00:41:51,739 --> 00:41:54,989
little picture, okay?

858
00:41:54,989 --> 00:41:56,829
Sometimes

859
00:41:56,829 --> 00:41:59,239
when we talk about writing programs,

860
00:41:59,239 --> 00:42:01,539
we talk about debugging programs,

861
00:42:01,539 --> 00:42:04,728
right? How many people ever heard the term debugging or bugs in programs?

862
00:42:04,728 --> 00:42:08,208
A bug in a program is an error in a program, so sometimes when you hear us

863
00:42:08,208 --> 00:42:12,678
say, "Oh, come see," like, your section leader to help debug or see the helpers in LaIR.

864
00:42:12,679 --> 00:42:16,039
That's another thing. In the Tresidder computer cluster is the LaIR.

865
00:42:16,039 --> 00:42:18,579
It's a computer cluster that we have helpers there to help you get through

866
00:42:18,579 --> 00:42:21,189
this class. What is it?

867
00:42:21,188 --> 00:42:21,978
Sunday through

868
00:42:21,978 --> 00:42:26,668
Thursday, every week, from around 2:00 in the afternoon 'til midnight every day, okay,

869
00:42:26,668 --> 00:42:29,668
to help you get through the class. So that's a good place if, you know, you can

870
00:42:29,668 --> 00:42:32,558
work in your dorm room certainly, but if you also want help, go to the Tresidder

871
00:42:32,559 --> 00:42:36,149
computer cluster, and there will be helpers there. There's a little queue you sign up for

872
00:42:36,148 --> 00:42:38,588
to get help, and that's a great place, and it's all explained in Handout

873
00:42:38,588 --> 00:42:39,349
No. 1,

874
00:42:39,349 --> 00:42:41,199
but that's just something to keep in mind.

875
00:42:41,199 --> 00:42:44,509
Where the term debugging comes from, it turns out this is an apocryphal story, but I'll tell

876
00:42:44,509 --> 00:42:45,429
you anyway.

877
00:42:45,429 --> 00:42:48,679
Back in the days of yore, in 1945 actually, there was a computer called the

878
00:42:48,679 --> 00:42:52,079
Mark II at Harvard. And there was a woman named Grace Murray Hopper. Anyone ever

879
00:42:52,079 --> 00:42:54,168
heard of Grace Murray Hopper?

880
00:42:54,168 --> 00:42:58,328
A few folks. She was actually the first woman who was an admiral in the navy.

881
00:42:58,329 --> 00:43:01,859
And she was also one of the very early pioneers of computer programming. She did

882
00:43:01,858 --> 00:43:05,068
a lot of computer programming when she was actually a captain, and she was stationed

883
00:43:05,068 --> 00:43:08,829
at Harvard as part of some sort of navy thing. I don't know why, but that's what

884
00:43:08,829 --> 00:43:09,440
happened.

885
00:43:09,440 --> 00:43:12,039
And they had this huge computer there, and they were noticing the computer was

886
00:43:12,039 --> 00:43:14,900
on the fritz, and they couldn't understand what was wrong. And this is one of these

887
00:43:14,900 --> 00:43:17,970
big old machines in the days of yore that has vacuum tubes and stuff inside it.

888
00:43:17,969 --> 00:43:21,079
So they walked inside the computer, right, because then you could actually open it up

889
00:43:21,079 --> 00:43:23,009
and walk inside your computer.

890
00:43:23,009 --> 00:43:25,248
And they saw this,

891
00:43:25,248 --> 00:43:27,889
and I don't know if you can see that, but that's a moth.

892
00:43:27,889 --> 00:43:31,858
It was a moth that had sort of given its life to be immortalized because it had actually

893
00:43:31,858 --> 00:43:35,028
shorted out across two relays in the computer

894
00:43:35,028 --> 00:43:36,579
and was causing these sort of

895
00:43:36,579 --> 00:43:39,829
errors to happen on the fritz. And so they took the bug out, and once

896
00:43:39,829 --> 00:43:43,380
they actually plucked this little charred bug out of there, the computer started

897
00:43:43,380 --> 00:43:47,910
working fine again, and she taped it in her log book. And this log book's actually

898
00:43:47,909 --> 00:43:51,588
preserved in the Smithsonian Institution now, which is where all this comes

899
00:43:51,588 --> 00:43:54,529
from. Here's all the standard disclaimer information: "Image used under fair use for

900
00:43:54,530 --> 00:43:58,079
education purposes. Use of this image is exempt from Creative Commons

901
00:43:58,079 --> 00:43:59,880
and other licenses," just so you know.

902
00:43:59,880 --> 00:44:02,039
Now the lawyers are happy.

903
00:44:02,039 --> 00:44:06,119
But this is where we think of sort of the modern term debugging actually came from.

904
00:44:06,119 --> 00:44:09,439
Now, it turns out the actual story is that the term debugging came from the

905
00:44:09,438 --> 00:44:11,178
1800s, in the late 1800s

906
00:44:11,179 --> 00:44:15,088
from mechanical devices. People actually referred to debugging as fixing mechanical

907
00:44:15,088 --> 00:44:15,739
devices.

908
00:44:15,739 --> 00:44:20,038
But this is kind of the apocryphal story for how it comes up in computer science. Now,

909
00:44:20,039 --> 00:44:21,849
with that said,

910
00:44:21,849 --> 00:44:25,109
what is the platform in which you're gonna sort of do your first debugging or

911
00:44:25,108 --> 00:44:28,058
your first work on? We talked about Java, but in fact in this class, we're not

912
00:44:28,059 --> 00:44:29,369
gonna start with Java.

913
00:44:29,369 --> 00:44:32,778
We're gonna start with something even sort of simpler than Java because as I

914
00:44:32,778 --> 00:44:36,259
mentioned, sometimes what happens in computer science is people learn all the features

915
00:44:36,259 --> 00:44:39,748
of some language. And they think just knowing the language makes them a good

916
00:44:39,748 --> 00:44:40,679
software engineer.

917
00:44:40,679 --> 00:44:43,659
And they get so worried about all the features of the language

918
00:44:43,659 --> 00:44:46,068
that they don't kind of think about the big picture.

919
00:44:46,068 --> 00:44:49,259
And so there was a guy named Rich Pattis, who oddly enough was actually a grad

920
00:44:49,259 --> 00:44:51,250
student at the time at

921
00:44:51,250 --> 00:44:51,858
Stanford,

922
00:44:51,858 --> 00:44:55,208
and he said, "You know what? If we're gonna teach computer science, when we first start out, why don't

923
00:44:55,208 --> 00:44:58,599
we have people not worry about all of the different

924
00:44:58,599 --> 00:45:00,779
commands of the language and all the different things they can do?

925
00:45:00,780 --> 00:45:04,389
Let's start with something really simple so you can learn all the commands

926
00:45:04,389 --> 00:45:08,169
real quick. And then you've mastered everything there is to master about that

927
00:45:08,168 --> 00:45:11,708
language, and you can focus on the software engineering concepts." And it turns out to

928
00:45:11,708 --> 00:45:15,048
be a brilliant idea, which has actually been adopted by a bunch of people.

929
00:45:15,048 --> 00:45:19,409
And so Rich, who's a wonderfully friendly guy - sometime if we get him to

930
00:45:19,409 --> 00:45:22,818
come to Stanford, I'll introduce you; he's just very nice -

931
00:45:22,818 --> 00:45:27,318
came up with this thing called Karel the Robot. And

932
00:45:27,318 --> 00:45:29,259
the term, "Karel"

933
00:45:29,259 --> 00:45:31,748
actually comes from

934
00:45:31,748 --> 00:45:36,308
Karel Capek.

935
00:45:36,309 --> 00:45:40,039
Anyone know who he is? Oh, free candy. Uh huh? He coined the term,

936
00:45:40,039 --> 00:45:42,949
"robot."

937
00:45:42,949 --> 00:45:45,959
He coined the term, "robot." He was a Czech playwright who actually wrote a play

938
00:45:45,958 --> 00:45:48,199
called, "RUR,"

939
00:45:48,199 --> 00:45:52,409
which was about robots. And the word robot actually comes from a Czech word, the

940
00:45:52,409 --> 00:45:53,969
Czech word for work.

941
00:45:53,969 --> 00:45:57,940
And so the robot is named after

942
00:45:57,940 --> 00:46:01,338
Karel. And some people say Karl, which is kind of actually closer to I believe if - I

943
00:46:01,338 --> 00:46:03,969
don't know if there's anyone who speaks Czech in the room - but closer to the

944
00:46:03,969 --> 00:46:06,439
actual pronunciation. But we say Karel these days because it's kind of like

945
00:46:06,440 --> 00:46:07,909
gender neutral, okay?

946
00:46:07,909 --> 00:46:09,869
And so Karel the Robot

947
00:46:09,869 --> 00:46:13,318
is basically this robot that lives in a really simple world. And so I'll show you

948
00:46:13,318 --> 00:46:16,289
all that you can meet Karel the Robot. He's friendly; he's fun.

949
00:46:16,289 --> 00:46:18,588
I'll show you Karel the Robot.

950
00:46:18,588 --> 00:46:21,239


951
00:46:21,239 --> 00:46:25,969
So we gotta get Karel running. He's at the factory. He's getting souped up. We're energizing Karel.

952
00:46:25,969 --> 00:46:29,418
You gotta add some color to it. Otherwise -

953
00:46:29,418 --> 00:46:31,248
all right.

954
00:46:31,248 --> 00:46:34,558
We're begging for him. Come on, Karel.

955
00:46:34,559 --> 00:46:37,459
There he is. Oh,

956
00:46:37,458 --> 00:46:41,538
yeah.

957
00:46:41,539 --> 00:46:45,259
That's Karel the Robot. He looks like one of the old Macintoshes if you remember the original

958
00:46:45,259 --> 00:46:48,289
Macintoshes that look like a lunch pail, except he's got legs.

959
00:46:48,289 --> 00:46:51,788
One sticks out his back. That's just the way it is.

960
00:46:51,789 --> 00:46:56,819
And the way Karel works is he lives in a grid. To you, it may not be exciting, but to

961
00:46:56,818 --> 00:46:58,630
Karel, it's way exciting.

962
00:46:58,630 --> 00:47:03,179
So Karel lives in this little grid, and the way the grid works is there are streets and

963
00:47:03,179 --> 00:47:06,789
avenues in the grid. Streets run horizontally, so this is First Street,

964
00:47:06,789 --> 00:47:08,430
Second Street, Third Street.

965
00:47:08,429 --> 00:47:11,559
And then over here, we have avenues, First Avenue, Second Avenue, Third

966
00:47:11,559 --> 00:47:14,750
Avenue, Fourth Avenue, Fifth Avenue. It's kind of like Karel lives in Manhattan if you wanna

967
00:47:14,750 --> 00:47:16,338
think about it that way, okay?

968
00:47:16,338 --> 00:47:19,748
So Karel always is on one of these corners. So right now, he's at the corner of

969
00:47:19,748 --> 00:47:22,788
First Street and First Avenue, or we just refer to it as 1 1 if you wanna

970
00:47:22,789 --> 00:47:25,130
think about sort of Cartesian coordinates, right? But

971
00:47:25,130 --> 00:47:26,780
just think of them as streets and avenues.

972
00:47:26,780 --> 00:47:28,609
That's where Karel lives.

973
00:47:28,608 --> 00:47:32,278
And Karel can move around in this world. There's a bunch of things that Karel can do.

974
00:47:32,278 --> 00:47:33,889
He can take steps forward.

975
00:47:33,889 --> 00:47:36,939
He can turn around to face different directions, and he can sense certain

976
00:47:36,938 --> 00:47:38,288
things about his world.

977
00:47:38,289 --> 00:47:41,400
So there's some things that exist in Karel's world, okay?

978
00:47:41,400 --> 00:47:45,340
Things like walls that Karel cannot move through, right, so his world has

979
00:47:45,340 --> 00:47:48,740
walls all around it that he can't go through, so he can't fall off the end of the

980
00:47:48,739 --> 00:47:49,139
world.

981
00:47:49,139 --> 00:47:52,629
And there's other walls like this one if Karel were over here, he can't step through

982
00:47:52,630 --> 00:47:54,169
that wall.

983
00:47:54,168 --> 00:47:57,768
There's also something referred to as beepers in Karel's world. And what a

984
00:47:57,768 --> 00:48:00,488
beeper is, is it's like a big diamond,

985
00:48:00,489 --> 00:48:03,909
okay? But what a beeper really is, is basically just some marker that he puts in

986
00:48:03,909 --> 00:48:06,510
the world. You can think of a beeper like a piece of candy.

987
00:48:06,510 --> 00:48:10,530
And Karel just goes around, like, putting pieces of candy in the world. As a matter of fact, not

988
00:48:10,530 --> 00:48:12,999
only does he put pieces of candy in the world,

989
00:48:12,998 --> 00:48:17,948
he carries around a whole bag of candy. So he has a beeper bag with him, and

990
00:48:17,949 --> 00:48:21,099
sometimes that bag has a whole bunch of beepers in it; sometimes it only has one

991
00:48:21,099 --> 00:48:22,318
beeper; sometimes,

992
00:48:22,318 --> 00:48:25,998
it's sad Karel, and he has no beepers. But he's still got the bag.

993
00:48:25,998 --> 00:48:28,798
There just don't happen to be any beepers in it. So he can potentially, if he

994
00:48:28,798 --> 00:48:32,628
come across a beeper in his world, he can pick it up and put it in his bag,

995
00:48:32,628 --> 00:48:35,509
or he can take, if he's got beepers in his bag, he can take them out of his bag

996
00:48:35,509 --> 00:48:37,340
and put them places in the world.

997
00:48:37,340 --> 00:48:40,860
And corners in the world can have either zero - if they have no beepers, they just appear

998
00:48:40,860 --> 00:48:41,920
like a little dot -

999
00:48:41,920 --> 00:48:44,059
or one or more beepers

1000
00:48:44,059 --> 00:48:47,199
on them that Karel can potentially pick up, okay?

1001
00:48:47,199 --> 00:48:51,229
So any questions about beepers or Karel having a little bag of beepers?

1002
00:48:51,228 --> 00:48:52,338
And that's it.

1003
00:48:52,338 --> 00:48:53,929
That's Karel.

1004
00:48:53,929 --> 00:48:57,298
That's his world. His world, we can make it larger if we want. We can put in walls in

1005
00:48:57,298 --> 00:49:00,219
different places. We can put beepers in different places. We can have Karel be in a

1006
00:49:00,219 --> 00:49:01,278
different place.

1007
00:49:01,278 --> 00:49:04,938
But starting next time, what you're gonna realize is with this extremely simple world,

1008
00:49:04,938 --> 00:49:08,558
there's actually some complicated things you can do. And after about a week - so

1009
00:49:08,559 --> 00:49:11,939
this first week, we're gonna focus on Karel - you'll notice that Karel is

1010
00:49:11,938 --> 00:49:15,658
actually a very nice, gentle introduction into Java. And a lot of the concepts that

1011
00:49:15,659 --> 00:49:20,148
we learn, sort of software engineering concepts using Karel, will translate over to the

1012
00:49:20,148 --> 00:49:21,969
Java world, okay?

1013
00:49:21,969 --> 00:49:25,338
So any questions about Karel or any of the other logistics that you've actually

1014
00:49:25,338 --> 00:49:28,599
heard about in the class?

1015
00:49:28,599 --> 00:49:33,619
Alrighty then. Welcome to 106A. I'll see you on Wednesday.