[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.92,0:00:03.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well when I was asked to do this TEDTalk, I was really chuckled,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.28,0:00:07.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because, you see, my father's name was Ted,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.07,0:00:11.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and much of my life, especially my musical life,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.09,0:00:14.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is really a talk that I'm still having with him,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.21,0:00:17.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the part of me that he continues to be.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.96,0:00:21.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now Ted was a New Yorker, an all-around theater guy,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.56,0:00:25.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he was a self-taught illustrator and musician.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.88,0:00:27.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He didn't read a note,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.41,0:00:30.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he was profoundly hearing impaired.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.38,0:00:33.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yet, he was my greatest teacher.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.63,0:00:37.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because even through the squeaks of his hearing aids,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.07,0:00:40.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,his understanding of music was profound.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.25,0:00:43.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And for him, it wasn't so much the way the music goes
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.63,0:00:47.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as about what it witnesses and where it can take you.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.83,0:00:50.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he did a painting of this experience,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.44,0:00:53.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which he called "In the Realm of Music."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.53,0:01:00.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now Ted entered this realm every day by improvising
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.02,0:01:02.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a sort of Tin Pan Alley style like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.80,0:01:09.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.64,0:01:12.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But he was tough when it came to music.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.100,0:01:15.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said, "There are only two things that matter in music:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.70,0:01:17.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what and how.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.92,0:01:21.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the thing about classical music,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.70,0:01:25.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that what and how, it's inexhaustible."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.03,0:01:27.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was his passion for the music.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.20,0:01:29.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Both my parents really loved it.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.06,0:01:31.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They didn't know all that much about it,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.32,0:01:35.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they gave me the opportunity to discover it
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.04,0:01:36.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,together with them.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.96,0:01:40.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think inspired by that memory,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.17,0:01:42.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's been my desire to try and bring it
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.17,0:01:43.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to as many other people as I can,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.22,0:01:46.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sort of pass it on through whatever means.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.79,0:01:51.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And how people get this music, how it comes into their lives,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.80,0:01:53.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really fascinates me.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.26,0:01:55.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One day in New York, I was on the street
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.52,0:02:00.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I saw some kids playing baseball between stoops and cars and fire hydrants.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.92,0:02:03.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And a tough, slouchy kid got up to bat,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.62,0:02:06.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he took a swing and really connected.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.32,0:02:08.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he watched the ball fly for a second,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.03,0:02:11.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then he went, "Dah dadaratatatah.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.43,0:02:14.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Brah dada dadadadah."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.92,0:02:16.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he ran around the bases.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.75,0:02:19.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I thought, go figure.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.48,0:02:24.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How did this piece of 18th century Austrian aristocratic entertainment
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.57,0:02:29.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,turn into the victory crow of this New York kid?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.24,0:02:33.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How was that passed on? How did he get to hear Mozart?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.64,0:02:35.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well when it comes to classical music,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.56,0:02:37.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's an awful lot to pass on,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.82,0:02:41.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,much more than Mozart, Beethoven or Tchiakovsky.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.55,0:02:43.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because classical music
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.17,0:02:46.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is an unbroken living tradition
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.58,0:02:49.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that goes back over 1,000 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.83,0:02:51.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And every one of those years
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.88,0:02:55.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has had something unique and powerful to say to us
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.38,0:02:58.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about what it's like to be alive.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.60,0:03:01.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now the raw material of it, of course,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.16,0:03:02.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is just the music of everyday life.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.88,0:03:05.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's all the anthems and dance crazes
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.91,0:03:07.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and ballads and marches.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.64,0:03:10.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what classical music does
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.33,0:03:15.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to distill all of these musics down,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.19,0:03:18.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to condense them to their absolute essence,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.88,0:03:22.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and from that essence create a new language,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.17,0:03:27.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a language that speaks very lovingly and unflinchingly
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.65,0:03:29.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about who we really are.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.75,0:03:32.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a language that's still evolving.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.60,0:03:36.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now over the centuries it grew into the big pieces we always think of,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.17,0:03:39.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like concertos and symphonies,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.17,0:03:42.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but even the most ambitious masterpiece
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.50,0:03:44.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can have as its central mission
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.92,0:03:49.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to bring you back to a fragile and personal moment --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.42,0:03:52.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like this one from the Beethoven Violin Concerto.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.62,0:04:15.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.01,0:04:20.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's so simple, so evocative.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.100,0:04:23.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So many emotions seem to be inside of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.86,0:04:25.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yet, of course, like all music,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.58,0:04:28.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's essentially not about anything.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.04,0:04:31.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's just a design of pitches and silence and time.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.82,0:04:35.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the pitches, the notes, as you know, are just vibrations.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.92,0:04:38.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're locations in the spectrum of sound.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.87,0:04:42.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And whether we call them 440 per second, A,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.97,0:04:49.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or 3,729, B flat -- trust me, that's right --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.69,0:04:53.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're just phenomena.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.78,0:04:57.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the way we react to different combinations of these phenomena
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.54,0:05:01.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is complex and emotional and not totally understood.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.34,0:05:05.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the way we react to them has changed radically over the centuries,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.17,0:05:07.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as have our preferences for them.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.54,0:05:10.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So for example, in the 11th century,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.83,0:05:14.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people liked pieces that ended like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.67,0:05:26.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.41,0:05:31.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in the 17th century, it was more like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.56,0:05:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.00,0:05:40.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in the 21st century ...
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.84,0:05:48.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.25,0:05:53.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now your 21st century ears are quite happy with this last chord,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.57,0:05:57.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though a while back it would have puzzled or annoyed you
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.04,0:05:58.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or sent some of you running from the room.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.54,0:05:59.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the reason you like it
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.96,0:06:02.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is because you've inherited, whether you knew it or not,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.45,0:06:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,centuries-worth of changes
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.00,0:06:08.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in musical theory, practice and fashion.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.50,0:06:13.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in classical music we can follow these changes very, very accurately
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.59,0:06:17.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of the music's powerful silent partner,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.57,0:06:21.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the way it's been passed on: notation.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.20,0:06:23.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now the impulse to notate,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.17,0:06:25.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or, more exactly I should say, encode music
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.96,0:06:29.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has been with us for a very long time.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.02,0:06:32.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 200 B.C., a man named Sekulos
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.92,0:06:35.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wrote this song for his departed wife
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.87,0:06:37.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and inscribed it on her gravestone
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.46,0:06:40.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the notational system of the Greeks.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.08,0:07:07.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.46,0:07:09.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And a thousand years later,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.88,0:07:13.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this impulse to notate took an entirely different form.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.88,0:07:15.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you can see how this happened
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.25,0:07:21.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in these excerpts from the Christmas mass "Puer Natus est nobis,"
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.83,0:07:24.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"For Us is Born."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.21,0:07:28.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.84,0:07:31.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the 10th century, little squiggles were used
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.08,0:07:34.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just to indicate the general shape of the tune.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.12,0:07:41.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in the 12th century, a line was drawn, like a musical horizon line,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.17,0:07:44.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to better pinpoint the pitch's location.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.74,0:07:53.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then in the 13th century, more lines and new shapes of notes
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.09,0:07:56.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,locked in the concept of the tune exactly,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.71,0:07:59.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that led to the kind of notation we have today.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.38,0:08:03.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well notation not only passed the music on,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.05,0:08:07.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,notating and encoding the music changed its priorities entirely,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.73,0:08:09.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it enabled the musicians
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.68,0:08:13.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to imagine music on a much vaster scale.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.34,0:08:16.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now inspired moves of improvisation
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.67,0:08:20.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could be recorded, saved, considered, prioritized,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.67,0:08:23.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,made into intricate designs.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.21,0:08:26.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And from this moment, classical music became
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.45,0:08:29.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what it most essentially is,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.04,0:08:34.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a dialogue between the two powerful sides of our nature:
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.08,0:08:36.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instinct and intelligence.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.46,0:08:39.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there began to be a real difference at this point
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.83,0:08:42.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between the art of improvisation
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.75,0:08:44.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the art of composition.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.16,0:08:48.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now an improviser senses and plays the next cool move,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.68,0:08:52.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but a composer is considering all possible moves,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.29,0:08:55.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,testing them out, prioritizing them out,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.61,0:09:00.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until he sees how they can form a powerful and coherent design
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.08,0:09:04.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of ultimate and enduring coolness.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.49,0:09:06.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now some of the greatest composers, like Bach,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.04,0:09:08.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were combinations of these two things.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.27,0:09:12.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bach was like a great improviser with a mind of a chess master.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.56,0:09:14.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mozart was the same way.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.50,0:09:17.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But every musician strikes a different balance
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.75,0:09:21.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between faith and reason, instinct and intelligence.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.54,0:09:26.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And every musical era had different priorities of these things,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.45,0:09:30.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,different things to pass on, different 'whats' and 'hows'.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.42,0:09:34.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in the first eight centuries or so of this tradition
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.98,0:09:37.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the big 'what' was to praise God.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.83,0:09:40.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And by the 1400s, music was being written
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.46,0:09:44.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that tried to mirror God's mind
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.54,0:09:48.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as could be seen in the design of the night sky.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.46,0:09:51.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The 'how' was a style called polyphony,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.75,0:09:55.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,music of many independently moving voices
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.50,0:09:58.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that suggested the way the planets seemed to move
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.21,0:10:00.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Ptolemy's geocentric universe.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.84,0:10:04.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was truly the music of the spheres.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.62,0:10:33.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.92,0:10:39.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the kind of music that Leonardo DaVinci would have known.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.17,0:10:42.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And perhaps its tremendous intellectual perfection and serenity
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.76,0:10:45.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,meant that something new had to happen --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.62,0:10:49.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a radical new move, which in 1600 is what did happen.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.75,0:10:56.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music) Singer: Ah, bitter blow!
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.58,0:11:01.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ah, wicked, cruel fate!
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.38,0:11:08.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ah, baleful stars!
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.29,0:11:15.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ah, avaricious heaven!
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.25,0:11:18.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MTT: This, of course, was the birth of opera,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.96,0:11:21.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and its development put music on a radical new course.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.57,0:11:25.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The what now was not to mirror the mind of God,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.92,0:11:28.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but to follow the emotion turbulence of man.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.88,0:11:32.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the how was harmony,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.17,0:11:35.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stacking up the pitches to form chords.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.46,0:11:37.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the chords, it turned out,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.21,0:11:41.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were capable of representing incredible varieties of emotions.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.29,0:11:46.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the basic chords were the ones we still have with us,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.09,0:11:47.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the triads,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.35,0:11:50.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,either the major one,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.61,0:11:55.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which we think is happy,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.22,0:11:58.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the minor one,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.56,0:12:02.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which we perceive as sad.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.50,0:12:05.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what's the actual difference between these two chords?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.77,0:12:08.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's just these two notes in the middle.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.01,0:12:10.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's either E natural,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.97,0:12:15.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and 659 vibrations per second,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.69,0:12:20.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or E flat, at 622.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.38,0:12:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the big difference between human happiness and sadness?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.00,0:12:28.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,37 freakin' vibrations.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.75,0:12:32.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you can see in a system like this
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.67,0:12:34.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was enormous subtle potential
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.70,0:12:36.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of representing human emotions.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.57,0:12:40.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in fact, as man began to understand more
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.30,0:12:42.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,his complex and ambivalent nature,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.47,0:12:45.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,harmony grew more complex to reflect it.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.12,0:12:49.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Turns out it was capable of expressing emotions
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.18,0:12:50.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,beyond the ability of words.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.92,0:12:54.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now with all this possibility,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.25,0:12:58.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,classical music really took off.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.33,0:13:01.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the time in which the big forms began to arise.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.73,0:13:06.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the effects of technology began to be felt also,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.33,0:13:10.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because printing put music, the scores, the codebooks of music,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.77,0:13:12.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into the hands of performers everywhere.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.78,0:13:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And new and improved instruments
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.00,0:13:18.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,made the age of the virtuoso possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.29,0:13:21.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is when those big forms arose --
Dialogue: 0,0:13:21.54,0:13:24.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the symphonies, the sonatas, the concertos.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.66,0:13:28.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in these big architectures of time,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:28.67,0:13:34.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,composers like Beethoven could share the insights of a lifetime.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:34.38,0:13:36.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A piece like Beethoven's Fifth
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.84,0:13:41.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,basically witnessing how it was possible
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.19,0:13:46.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for him to go from sorrow and anger,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.71,0:13:50.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over the course of a half an hour,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.42,0:13:54.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,step by exacting step of his route,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:54.21,0:13:58.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the moment when he could make it across to joy.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.55,0:14:21.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music)
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.04,0:14:26.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it turned out the symphony could be used for more complex issues,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.08,0:14:28.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like gripping ones of culture,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.71,0:14:31.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as nationalism or quest for freedom
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.46,0:14:35.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the frontiers of sensuality.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.33,0:14:39.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But whatever direction the music took,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.10,0:14:41.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one thing until recently was always the same,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:41.64,0:14:44.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that was when the musicians stopped playing,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:44.67,0:14:47.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the music stopped.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.04,0:14:50.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now this moment so fascinates me.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.40,0:14:52.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I find it such a profound one.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:52.32,0:14:53.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happens when the music stops?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.68,0:14:57.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where does it go? What's left?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:57.12,0:15:00.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What sticks with people in the audience at the end of a performance?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.41,0:15:02.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is it a melody or a rhythm
Dialogue: 0,0:15:02.18,0:15:04.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or a mood or an attitude?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:04.96,0:15:07.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And how might that change their lives?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:07.23,0:15:11.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To me this is the intimate, personal side of music.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:11.17,0:15:15.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the passing on part. It's the 'why' part of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:15.71,0:15:18.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And to me that's the most essential of all.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:18.97,0:15:22.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mostly it's been a person-to-person thing,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:22.92,0:15:25.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a teacher-student, performer-audience thing,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:25.53,0:15:28.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then around 1880 came this new technology
Dialogue: 0,0:15:28.31,0:15:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that first mechanically then through analogs then digitally
Dialogue: 0,0:15:31.00,0:15:35.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,created a new and miraculous way of passing things on,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:35.29,0:15:37.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,albeit an impersonal one.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:37.08,0:15:40.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People could now hear music all the time,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:40.79,0:15:41.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though it wasn't necessary
Dialogue: 0,0:15:41.67,0:15:46.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for them to play an instrument, read music or even go to concerts.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:46.21,0:15:51.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And technology democratized music by making everything available.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.51,0:15:53.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It spearheaded a cultural revolution
Dialogue: 0,0:15:53.27,0:15:58.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which artists like Caruso and Bessie Smith were on the same footing.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:58.13,0:16:02.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And technology pushed composers to tremendous extremes,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:02.05,0:16:03.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using computers and synthesizers
Dialogue: 0,0:16:03.75,0:16:06.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to create works of intellectually impenetrable complexity
Dialogue: 0,0:16:06.67,0:16:11.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,beyond the means of performers and audiences.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:11.21,0:16:13.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the same time technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:13.71,0:16:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by taking over the role that notation had always played,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:17.00,0:16:21.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shifted the balance within music between instinct and intelligence
Dialogue: 0,0:16:21.54,0:16:24.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,way over to the instinctive side.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:24.83,0:16:26.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The culture in which we live now
Dialogue: 0,0:16:26.72,0:16:29.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is awash with music of improvisation
Dialogue: 0,0:16:29.79,0:16:31.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's been sliced, diced, layered
Dialogue: 0,0:16:31.42,0:16:35.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, God knows, distributed and sold.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:35.17,0:16:38.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's the long-term effect of this on us or on music?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:38.45,0:16:39.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nobody knows.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:39.46,0:16:43.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The question remains: What happens when the music stops?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:43.18,0:16:45.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What sticks with people?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:45.16,0:16:49.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now that we have unlimited access to music, what does stick with us?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:49.12,0:16:51.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well let me show you a story of what I mean
Dialogue: 0,0:16:51.54,0:16:53.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by "really sticking with us."
Dialogue: 0,0:16:53.33,0:16:56.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was visiting a cousin of mine in an old age home,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:56.42,0:16:59.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I spied a very shaky old man
Dialogue: 0,0:16:59.75,0:17:02.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,making his way across the room on a walker.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:02.03,0:17:04.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He came over to a piano that was there,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:04.54,0:17:08.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he balanced himself and began playing something like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:08.88,0:17:13.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music)
Dialogue: 0,0:17:13.41,0:17:22.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he said something like, "Me ... boy ... symphony ... Beethoven."
Dialogue: 0,0:17:22.27,0:17:23.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I suddenly got it,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:23.82,0:17:26.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I said, "Friend, by any chance are you trying to play this?"
Dialogue: 0,0:17:26.74,0:17:31.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music)
Dialogue: 0,0:17:31.70,0:17:34.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he said, "Yes, yes. I was a little boy.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:34.12,0:17:38.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The symphony: Isaac Stern, the concerto, I heard it."
Dialogue: 0,0:17:38.72,0:17:40.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I thought, my God,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:40.40,0:17:43.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how much must this music mean to this man
Dialogue: 0,0:17:43.25,0:17:47.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that he would get himself out of his bed, across the room
Dialogue: 0,0:17:47.37,0:17:50.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to recover the memory of this music
Dialogue: 0,0:17:50.67,0:17:53.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that, after everything else in his life is sloughing away,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:53.58,0:17:55.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,still means so much to him?
Dialogue: 0,0:17:55.83,0:17:59.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, that's why I take every performance so seriously,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:59.76,0:18:01.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why it matters to me so much.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:01.51,0:18:04.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I never know who might be there, who might be absorbing it
Dialogue: 0,0:18:04.96,0:18:06.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what will happen to it in their life.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:06.71,0:18:11.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But now I'm excited that there's more chance than ever before possible
Dialogue: 0,0:18:11.80,0:18:13.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of sharing this music.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:13.12,0:18:14.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's what drives my interest in projects
Dialogue: 0,0:18:14.87,0:18:18.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like the TV series "Keeping Score" with the San Francisco Symphony
Dialogue: 0,0:18:18.25,0:18:20.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that looks at the backstories of music,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:20.82,0:18:23.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and working with the young musicians at the New World Symphony
Dialogue: 0,0:18:23.99,0:18:25.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on projects that explore the potential
Dialogue: 0,0:18:25.59,0:18:29.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the new performing arts centers
Dialogue: 0,0:18:29.09,0:18:31.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for both entertainment and education.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:31.47,0:18:33.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course, the New World Symphony
Dialogue: 0,0:18:33.44,0:18:37.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,led to the YouTube Symphony and projects on the internet
Dialogue: 0,0:18:37.08,0:18:40.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that reach out to musicians and audiences all over the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:40.09,0:18:44.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the exciting thing is all this is just a prototype.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:44.87,0:18:47.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's just a role here for so many people --
Dialogue: 0,0:18:47.12,0:18:49.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,teachers, parents, performers --
Dialogue: 0,0:18:49.92,0:18:52.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be explorers together.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:52.78,0:18:55.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sure, the big events attract a lot of attention,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:55.56,0:18:59.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but what really matters is what goes on every single day.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:59.04,0:19:03.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need your perspectives, your curiosity, your voices.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:03.51,0:19:06.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it excites me now to meet people
Dialogue: 0,0:19:06.60,0:19:09.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who are hikers, chefs, code writers, taxi drivers,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:09.70,0:19:12.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people I never would have guessed who loved the music
Dialogue: 0,0:19:12.46,0:19:13.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and who are passing it on.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:13.58,0:19:17.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You don't need to worry about knowing anything.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:17.32,0:19:21.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you're curious, if you have a capacity for wonder, if you're alive,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:21.08,0:19:24.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know all that you need to know.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:24.14,0:19:26.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can start anywhere. Ramble a bit.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:26.35,0:19:30.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Follow traces. Get lost. Be surprised, amused inspired.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:30.46,0:19:35.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All that 'what', all that 'how' is out there
Dialogue: 0,0:19:35.08,0:19:37.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,waiting for you to discover its 'why',
Dialogue: 0,0:19:37.57,0:19:40.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to dive in and pass it on.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:40.63,0:19:43.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:43.12,0:19:50.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)