[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.92,0:00:03.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The great philosopher Aristotle said
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.84,0:00:08.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if something doesn't exist,\Nthere's no word for it,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.32,0:00:11.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if there's no word for something,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.80,0:00:13.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that something doesn't exist.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.20,0:00:16.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when we talk about elections,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.36,0:00:19.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we in established democracies,\Nwe know what we're talking about.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.96,0:00:22.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've got the words.\NWe have the vocabulary.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.08,0:00:23.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We know what a polling station is.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.00,0:00:25.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We know what a ballot paper is.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.84,0:00:30.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what about countries\Nwhere democracy doesn't exist,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.76,0:00:36.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,countries where there are\Nno words to describe the concepts
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.08,0:00:38.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that underpin a democratic society?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.56,0:00:41.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I work in the field\Nof electoral assistance,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.88,0:00:44.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that's to say we assist
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.04,0:00:46.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,emerging democracies to organize
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.20,0:00:48.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what is often their first elections.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.48,0:00:50.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When people ask me what I do,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.92,0:00:53.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,quite often I get this answer.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.36,0:00:57.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Oh, so you're one of these people\Nwho goes around the world
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.20,0:01:01.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,imposing Western democracy\Non countries that can't handle it."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.48,0:01:06.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, the United Nations\Ndoes not impose anything on anybody.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.60,0:01:08.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It really doesn't,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.84,0:01:11.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also, what we do
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.24,0:01:17.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is firmly anchored in the 1948\NUniversal Declaration of Human Rights,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.56,0:01:19.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Article 21, that says
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.68,0:01:23.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that everybody should have the right\Nto choose who governs them.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.00,0:01:25.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's the basis of the work.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.56,0:01:28.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I specialize in public outreach.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.48,0:01:30.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What does that mean? Another jargon.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.92,0:01:34.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It actually means\Ndesigning information campaigns
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.72,0:01:37.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that candidates and voters
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.16,0:01:41.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who have never had the opportunity\Nto participate or to vote
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.48,0:01:45.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,understand where, when, how to register;
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.24,0:01:47.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where, when, how to vote;
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.48,0:01:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why, why it is important to take part.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.56,0:01:55.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I'll probably devise a specific\Ncampaign to reach out to women
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.04,0:01:57.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make sure that they can take part,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.08,0:01:59.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they can be part of the process.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.40,0:02:01.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Young people as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.28,0:02:02.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All sorts of people.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.52,0:02:03.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Handicapped people.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.96,0:02:05.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We try to reach everybody.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.80,0:02:10.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's not always easy,\Nbecause very often in this work,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.28,0:02:13.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've noticed now over the years\Nthat I've been doing it
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.44,0:02:15.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that words are lacking,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.88,0:02:17.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so what do you do?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.12,0:02:19.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Afghanistan.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.20,0:02:22.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a country with\Nhigh levels of illiteracy,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.72,0:02:26.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the thing about that was,\Nit was in 2005,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.60,0:02:30.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we organized two elections\Non the same day.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.60,0:02:34.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The reason was because the logistics\Nare so incredibly difficult,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.84,0:02:37.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it seemed to be more efficient to do that.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.12,0:02:38.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.36,0:02:42.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but on the other hand,\Nexplaining two elections instead of one
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.84,0:02:44.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was even more complicated.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.36,0:02:46.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we used a lot of images,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.72,0:02:49.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when it came to the actual ballot,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.36,0:02:53.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we had problems, because\Nso many people wanted to take part,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.48,0:02:58.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we had 300 candidates for 52 seats
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.44,0:03:01.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the Wolesi Jirga,\Nwhich is the parliamentary elections.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.00,0:03:05.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And for the Provincial Council,\Nwe had even more candidates.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.24,0:03:07.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We had 330 for 54 seats.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.24,0:03:10.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So talking about ballot design,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.32,0:03:14.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is what the ballot looked like.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.60,0:03:17.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the size of a newspaper.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.24,0:03:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was the Wolesi Jirga ballot --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.43,0:03:20.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.60,0:03:21.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yeah, and --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.08,0:03:26.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this was the Provincial Council ballot.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.40,0:03:28.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even more.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.72,0:03:33.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you see, we did use\Na lot of symbols and things like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.68,0:03:38.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we had other problems\Nin Southern Sudan.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.48,0:03:41.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Southern Sudan was a very different story.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.24,0:03:44.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We had so many people\Nwho had never, of course, voted,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.36,0:03:48.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we had extremely, extremely\Nhigh levels of illiteracy,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.12,0:03:50.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very, very poor infrastructure.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.92,0:03:55.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example -- I mean, it's a country\Nthe size of Texas, more or less.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.52,0:03:58.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We had seven kilometers of paved roads,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.28,0:04:01.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,seven kilometers in the whole country,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.36,0:04:04.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that includes the tarmac\Nwhere we landed the planes
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.52,0:04:06.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Juba Airport.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.08,0:04:09.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So transporting electoral materials, etc.,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.24,0:04:11.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is exceedingly difficult.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.52,0:04:16.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People had no idea\Nabout what a box looked like.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.52,0:04:18.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was very complicated,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.84,0:04:22.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so using verbal communication\Nwas obviously the way to go,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.96,0:04:25.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there were 132 languages.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.80,0:04:29.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that was extremely challenging.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.48,0:04:34.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then I arrived in Tunisia in 2011.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.36,0:04:36.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was the Arab Spring.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.04,0:04:40.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A huge amount of hope was generated\Nby that enormous movement
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.36,0:04:41.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was going on in the region.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.96,0:04:45.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was Libya,\Nthere was Egypt, there was Yemen.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.12,0:04:48.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was an enormous, enormous\Nhistorical moment.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.16,0:04:50.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I was sitting\Nwith the election commission,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.76,0:04:54.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we were talking\Nabout various aspects of the election,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.52,0:04:57.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I was hearing them using words\Nthat I hadn't actually heard before,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.88,0:05:02.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'd worked with Iraqis,\NI'd worked with Jordanians, Egyptians,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.12,0:05:04.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and suddenly they were using these words,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.56,0:05:06.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I just thought, "This is strange."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.44,0:05:09.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what really gave rise to it\Nwas this word "observer."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.36,0:05:11.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were discussing election observers,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.64,0:05:16.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the election commissioner\Nwas talking about "mulahiz" in Arabic.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.48,0:05:20.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This means "to notice"\Nin a passive sort of sense,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.60,0:05:24.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as in, "I noticed\Nhe was wearing a light blue shirt."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.24,0:05:27.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Did I go and check whether\Nthe shirt was light blue or not?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.96,0:05:29.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is the role of an election observer.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.96,0:05:34.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's very active, it's governed\Nby all kinds of treaties,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.04,0:05:36.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it has got\Nthat control function in it.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.84,0:05:39.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then I got wind\Nof the fact that in Egypt,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.04,0:05:42.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were using this term "mutabi’,"\Nwhich means "to follow."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.40,0:05:44.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we were now having\Nfollowers of an election.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.72,0:05:47.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's not quite right either,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.32,0:05:50.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because there is a term\Nthat's already accepted and in use,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.11,0:05:53.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was the word "muraqib"\Nwhich means "a controller."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.40,0:05:55.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's got that notion of control.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.56,0:05:59.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I thought, three words\Nfor one concept. This is not good.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.32,0:06:02.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And with our colleagues,\Nwe thought perhaps it's our role
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.44,0:06:06.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to actually help make sure\Nthat the words are understood
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.52,0:06:09.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and actually create a work of reference
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.68,0:06:12.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that could be used across the Arab region.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.36,0:06:13.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's what we did.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.64,0:06:15.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So together with these colleagues,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.32,0:06:19.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we launched the "Arabic Lexicon\Nof Electoral Terminology,"
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.32,0:06:21.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we worked\Nin eight different countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.60,0:06:27.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It meant actually defining 481 terms
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.20,0:06:30.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which formed the basis\Nof everything you need to know
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.08,0:06:32.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you're going to organize\Na democratic election.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.88,0:06:34.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we defined these terms,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.24,0:06:36.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we worked with the Arab colleagues
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.24,0:06:40.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and came to an agreement\Nabout what would be the appropriate word
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.04,0:06:41.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to use in Arabic.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.64,0:06:45.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because the Arabic language is very rich,\Nand that's part of the problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.92,0:06:48.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there are 22 countries\Nthat speak Arabic,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.92,0:06:53.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they use modern standard Arabic,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.64,0:06:56.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is the Arabic\Nthat is used across the whole region
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.52,0:06:59.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in newspapers and broadcasts,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.04,0:07:03.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but of course, then from one country\Nto the next in day to day language and use
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.97,0:07:07.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it varies -- dialect, colloquialisms, etc.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.32,0:07:09.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that was another\Nadded layer of complication.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.92,0:07:12.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in one sense you had the problem
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.44,0:07:16.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that language wasn't\Nfully ripe, if you like,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.12,0:07:18.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,neologisms were coming up,\Nnew expressions.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.40,0:07:21.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so we defined all these terms,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.08,0:07:24.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then we had\Neight correspondents in the region.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.40,0:07:26.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We submitted the draft to them,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.32,0:07:27.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they responded back to us.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.92,0:07:30.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Yes, we understand the definition.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.56,0:07:32.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We agree with it,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.28,0:07:35.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but this is what we say in our country."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.48,0:07:39.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because we were not going\Nto harmonize or force harmonization.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.12,0:07:42.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were trying to facilitate\Nunderstanding among people.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.64,0:07:47.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in yellow, you see\Nthe different expressions in use
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.72,0:07:49.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the various countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.00,0:07:53.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this, I'm happy to say,\Nit took three years to produce this
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.96,0:07:58.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we also finalized the draft\Nand took it actually into the field,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.32,0:08:01.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sat with the election commissions\Nin all these different countries,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.49,0:08:04.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,debated and defined and refined the draft,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.40,0:08:09.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and finally published it\Nin November 2014 in Cairo.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.44,0:08:12.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's gone a long way.\NWe published 10,000 copies.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.72,0:08:17.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To date, there's about 3,000 downloads\Noff the internet in PDF form.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.96,0:08:21.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I heard just recently from a colleague\Nthat they've taken it up in Somalia.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.88,0:08:24.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're going to produce\Na version of this in Somalia,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.80,0:08:26.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because there's nothing in Somalia at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.84,0:08:29.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's very good to know.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.88,0:08:34.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this newly formed Arab Organization\Nfor Electoral Management Bodies,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.16,0:08:37.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is trying to professionalize
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.12,0:08:39.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how elections are run in the region,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.44,0:08:41.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're using it as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.56,0:08:47.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the Arab League have now\Nbuilt up a pan-Arab observation unit,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.52,0:08:48.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're using it.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.80,0:08:51.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's all really good.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.44,0:08:55.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, this work of reference\Nis quite high-pitched.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.28,0:08:58.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's complex, and a lot of the terms\Nare quite technical,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.20,0:09:02.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so the average person probably doesn't\Nneed to know at least a third of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.96,0:09:05.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the people of the Middle East
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.04,0:09:09.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have been deprived of any form\Nof what we know as civic education.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.56,0:09:12.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's part of our curriculum at school.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.36,0:09:15.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It doesn't really exist\Nin that part of the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.48,0:09:17.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I feel it's really\Nthe right of everybody
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.92,0:09:20.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to know how these things work.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.04,0:09:24.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's a good thing to think about\Nproducing a work of reference
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.68,0:09:26.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the average person,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.36,0:09:28.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and bearing in mind that now
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.52,0:09:30.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have a basis to work with,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.72,0:09:32.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also we have technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.88,0:09:37.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we can reach out using telephone apps,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.28,0:09:39.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,video, animation.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.44,0:09:41.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's all sorts of tools\Nthat can be used now
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.76,0:09:44.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to communicate these ideas to people
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.28,0:09:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the first time in their own language.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.20,0:09:50.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We hear a lot of misery\Nabout the Middle East.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.48,0:09:53.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We hear the chaos of war.\NWe hear terrorism.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.68,0:09:59.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We hear about sectarianism\Nand all this horrible negative news
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.24,0:10:00.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that comes to us all the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.92,0:10:05.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we're not hearing is what are\Nthe people, the everyday people, thinking?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.80,0:10:07.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What are they aspiring to?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.96,0:10:11.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's give them the means,\Nlet's give them the words.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.48,0:10:14.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The silent majority is silent
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.72,0:10:16.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they don't have the words.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.20,0:10:19.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The silent majority needs to know.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.44,0:10:23.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is time to provide people\Nwith the knowledge tools
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.48,0:10:25.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they can inform themselves with.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.92,0:10:30.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The silent majority\Ndoes not need to be silent.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.08,0:10:32.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's help them have a voice.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.40,0:10:33.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.68,0:10:38.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)