[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.88,0:00:02.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I was 27 years old,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.95,0:00:06.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I left a very demanding job\Nin management consulting
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.30,0:00:10.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for a job that was even more\Ndemanding: teaching.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.30,0:00:13.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I went to teach seventh graders math
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.80,0:00:15.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the New York City public schools.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.20,0:00:19.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And like any teacher,\NI made quizzes and tests.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.11,0:00:21.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I gave out homework assignments.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.11,0:00:23.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When the work came back,\NI calculated grades.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.76,0:00:29.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What struck me was that IQ\Nwas not the only difference
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.33,0:00:32.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between my best and my worst students.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.02,0:00:37.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of my strongest performers\Ndid not have stratospheric IQ scores.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.34,0:00:41.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of my smartest kids\Nweren't doing so well.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.30,0:00:43.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that got me thinking.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.43,0:00:47.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The kinds of things you need\Nto learn in seventh grade math,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.42,0:00:52.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sure, they're hard: ratios, decimals,\Nthe area of a parallelogram.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.67,0:00:55.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But these concepts are not impossible,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.37,0:00:59.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I was firmly convinced\Nthat every one of my students
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.50,0:01:02.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could learn the material
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.11,0:01:04.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if they worked hard and long enough.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.84,0:01:07.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After several more years of teaching,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.33,0:01:11.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I came to the conclusion\Nthat what we need in education
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.09,0:01:14.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a much better understanding\Nof students and learning
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.57,0:01:16.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from a motivational perspective,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.91,0:01:19.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from a psychological perspective.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.82,0:01:25.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In education, the one thing\Nwe know how to measure best is IQ.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.17,0:01:30.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what if doing\Nwell in school and in life
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.05,0:01:32.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,depends on much more
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.17,0:01:35.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than your ability to learn\Nquickly and easily?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.37,0:01:38.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I left the classroom,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.32,0:01:41.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I went to graduate school\Nto become a psychologist.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.88,0:01:44.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I started studying kids and adults
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.05,0:01:46.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in all kinds of super\Nchallenging settings,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.91,0:01:49.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in every study my question was,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.36,0:01:51.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who is successful here and why?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.38,0:01:55.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My research team and I went\Nto West Point Military Academy.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.48,0:01:58.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We tried to predict which cadets
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.16,0:02:01.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would stay in military training\Nand which would drop out.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.41,0:02:04.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We went to the National Spelling Bee
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.67,0:02:09.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and tried to predict which children\Nwould advance farthest in competition.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.87,0:02:13.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We studied rookie teachers\Nworking in really tough neighborhoods,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.95,0:02:17.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,asking which teachers are still\Ngoing to be here in teaching
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.39,0:02:19.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the end of the school year,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.41,0:02:22.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and of those, who will be\Nthe most effective
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.44,0:02:25.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at improving learning\Noutcomes for their students?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.59,0:02:27.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We partnered with private\Ncompanies, asking,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.85,0:02:30.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which of these salespeople\Nis going to keep their jobs?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.56,0:02:32.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And who's going to earn the most money?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.80,0:02:35.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In all those very different contexts,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.48,0:02:39.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one characteristic emerged\Nas a significant predictor of success.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.46,0:02:42.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it wasn't social intelligence.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.66,0:02:45.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It wasn't good looks, physical health,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.67,0:02:46.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it wasn't IQ.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.76,0:02:48.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was grit.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.90,0:02:54.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Grit is passion and perseverance\Nfor very long-term goals.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.99,0:02:56.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Grit is having stamina.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.23,0:03:01.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Grit is sticking with your future,\Nday in, day out,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.46,0:03:04.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not just for the week,\Nnot just for the month,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.85,0:03:06.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but for years,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.41,0:03:10.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and working really hard\Nto make that future a reality.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.97,0:03:15.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Grit is living life\Nlike it's a marathon, not a sprint.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.16,0:03:17.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A few years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.61,0:03:20.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I started studying grit\Nin the Chicago public schools.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.14,0:03:23.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I asked thousands of high school juniors
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.45,0:03:25.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to take grit questionnaires,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.30,0:03:27.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then waited around more than a year
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.28,0:03:28.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to see who would graduate.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.52,0:03:31.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Turns out that grittier kids
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.76,0:03:34.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were significantly more\Nlikely to graduate,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.97,0:03:38.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even when I matched them\Non every characteristic I could measure,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.75,0:03:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things like family income,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.03,0:03:43.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,standardized achievement test scores,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.77,0:03:46.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even how safe kids felt\Nwhen they were at school.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.38,0:03:50.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's not just at West Point\Nor the National Spelling Bee
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.34,0:03:51.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that grit matters.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.48,0:03:53.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's also in school,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.44,0:03:55.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially for kids\Nat risk for dropping out.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.12,0:04:00.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To me, the most shocking thing about grit
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.10,0:04:02.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is how little we know,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.08,0:04:04.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how little science knows,\Nabout building it.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.00,0:04:07.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every day, parents and teachers ask me,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.28,0:04:09.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"How do I build grit in kids?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.50,0:04:12.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do I do to teach kids\Na solid work ethic?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.75,0:04:15.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do I keep them motivated\Nfor the long run?"
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.86,0:04:17.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The honest answer is,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.86,0:04:18.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.96,0:04:20.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.46,0:04:23.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I do know is that talent\Ndoesn't make you gritty.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.52,0:04:25.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our data show very clearly
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.88,0:04:28.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there are many talented individuals
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.31,0:04:31.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who simply do not follow through\Non their commitments.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.81,0:04:36.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, in our data,\Ngrit is usually unrelated
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.05,0:04:39.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or even inversely related\Nto measures of talent.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.46,0:04:44.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So far, the best idea I've heard\Nabout building grit in kids
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.58,0:04:46.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is something called "growth mindset."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.45,0:04:51.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is an idea developed\Nat Stanford University by Carol Dweck,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.14,0:04:56.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it is the belief that the ability\Nto learn is not fixed,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.26,0:04:58.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it can change with your effort.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.44,0:05:00.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dr. Dweck has shown
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.78,0:05:03.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that when kids read\Nand learn about the brain
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.94,0:05:07.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how it changes and grows\Nin response to challenge,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.44,0:05:11.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're much more likely\Nto persevere when they fail,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.46,0:05:16.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they don't believe that failure\Nis a permanent condition.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.05,0:05:20.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So growth mindset\Nis a great idea for building grit.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.72,0:05:22.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we need more.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.82,0:05:24.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's where I'm going\Nto end my remarks,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.94,0:05:26.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because that's where we are.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.32,0:05:28.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the work that stands before us.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.50,0:05:32.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to take our best ideas,\Nour strongest intuitions,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.41,0:05:34.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we need to test them.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.51,0:05:37.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to measure\Nwhether we've been successful,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.25,0:05:40.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we have to be willing\Nto fail, to be wrong,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.98,0:05:43.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to start over again with lessons learned.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.34,0:05:47.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In other words, we need to be gritty
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.30,0:05:49.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about getting our kids grittier.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.18,0:05:51.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.23,0:05:54.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)