WEBVTT

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Well, I don't know about you

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but today, I learned many things.

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I learned that, actually,

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astronomers don't have
all the ingredients with them,

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or that they don't know

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many of the ingredients 
in the universe.

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Cooks... We do.
(Laughter)

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And it's funny that 
she's using liquid nitrogen,

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when I use liquid nitrogen to cook,

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and I'm so happy we found water

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in very distant and far away countries --

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very far away planets.

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With water, I can cook --

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I know I have а job... forever.

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Why am I here?

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I would love to believe it's because

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I have something important 
to share with you,

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but I have a feeling 
that all my TED friends,

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in a very busy weekend 
in Washington,

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they wanted the excuse of --

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why ask me for a reservation --

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They invite me to speak,

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[so] they go to other places. 
(Applause)

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But we are here to talk about

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more important things.

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I'm a chef --

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I'm a chef and I cook for the few,

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but, really, I want to be 
cooking for the world.

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I want to create the spark.

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And how do we create 
the spark being a chef?

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We create the spark 
through creativity.

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I know lunch is coming.
(Laughter)

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Are you hungry?
(Laughter)

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Sometimes, guys, 
to be creative,

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the only thing 
we have to be doing is --

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Why not? 
Looking at the stars,

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maybe, Andromeda,

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or maybe, a far away galaxy

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it's a way to get inspired.

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I just got inspired

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by these amazing presentations.

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Sometimes, you only have to do

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simple things as these.

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I'm going to start now.

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Why? Because the world

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needs me to start.

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But creativity doesn't happen,

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you know, in the middle of a beach,

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doing nothing, under
a palm tree... No!

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I've never created
anything in the beach,

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I only get burned by the sun.
(Laughter)

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Actually, creativity will only happen

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when I'm surrounded

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by high energy environments

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that keep all of these ideas

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coming and coming,
and tip your life!

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Well, sometimes, to look

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for new creative ways

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we don't need to look 
into the big things,

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we need to concentrate
in the small ones.

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Sometimes, we need to be 
looking into the big ones,

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because [that] can be
what creates a small idea.

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What is big can be small,

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and what's small can become huge!

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We have no time to waste,

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but in order to be creative,

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people of the world,

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we have to make sure

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that we will not be afraid

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to look beyond the horizon

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that we don't know 
what's behind.

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To take really 
that challenge of saying,

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"I'm going to move away 
from my comfort zone

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and I'm going to reach beyond

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what I don't know."

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This is really how 
we become creative.

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Where, sometimes,
light can be

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what makes us blind,

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or what gives us the light

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to help us begin 
with a new creation.

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Sometimes, using 
a simple piece of paper,

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writing one word or one phrase

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can begin something amazing.

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But here is... 
what important things start.

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Sometimes, very simple ideas --

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very simple ideas 
can achieve fascinating things.

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Take a look at something like

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what we have in front of us

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every day of our lives.

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How many of you have
had a glass of water today?

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Great! What did you do with it,
besides drinking it?

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You didn't talk to it,
you didn't ask,

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What can I do today
with this glass of water

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that has never been done before?

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Well, [the] funny thing is

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that if I take risks,

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and if I move away 
from my comfort zone,

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that meaning not going 
to the market to get inspired,

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or opening a cookbook
to get inspiration,

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but maybe, going to Harvard or MIT,

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where I have no clue

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what those scientists 
are talking about -- (Laughter)

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but I'm taking the risk
of making a fool of myself

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only because it's worth it --

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and I understand

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that I can defy gravity --

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And that I can control the water

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by understanding the pressure --

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the low pressure that is formed inside.

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And understanding a little bit

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about water surface tension --

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Wow, I am being creative,

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right here, right now!

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At the end, guys, you know,

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a simple ingredient, like water,

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can be helping me to come up

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with something fascinating

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from a very old ingredient

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-- and water is quite old.

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But at the low end,

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I can learn new ways to cook

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in a clean and efficient way.

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You know, guys, we've been
cooking with fire

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for hundred of thousands of years.

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That was almost the beginning 
of creativity in cooking! Yes?

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But it's so funny.

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Today, hundred of thousands of years

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after we began controlling fire,

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we use that same fire

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to cook on a Sunday for our friends.

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Why? Because 
we're rich and powerful,

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and we have the charcoal,

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and we have the money 
to buy the meat

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that can feed our friends,

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and because we are men,
and we know how to cook. (Laughter)

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But this is not laughing [matter].

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Hundred of millions
of years of evolution,

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reaching to the stars,

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going to the moon --

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and still people are living lives,

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as we used to live them

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hundred of thousands of years ago.

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This is how the advance 
of humanity has helped us --

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Having people 
who have achieved fire --

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what takes me a second,

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it takes them hours --

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They have to search for the wood --

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these girls get in danger

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because they're alone in the forest,

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in the middle of nowhere.

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They can be raped,

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because they're looking for the fuel
to cook their food.

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They have no time to go to school,

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so they have no future
because they receive no education.

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Wow! And here we come... to corn;

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a grain that is everywhere 
to be found in America.

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For thousands of years,
civilizations have been living around corn.

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Let me show you creativity.

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With corn we feed the cattle,

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when, actually, we should 
feed the cattle with grass.

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It's smarter, but no,
we use it to feed those cattle

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that will produce meat.

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And with corn we are able
to come out with oil,

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that is going to fry those potatoes.

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And with corn we can make syrup

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that help us to make ketchup.

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And believe it or not,

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with corn, also, we can make
a great soda! Wow!

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With corn we're even able 
to make the paper!

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Creativity at it best!
(Laughter)

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I cannot beat that, guys!
(Laughter)

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So, the fun part is that

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I could be telling you

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how many things 
are wrong about these,

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but the truth is that 
a burger is a paradigm

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of the complexities 
of how we feed humanity!

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But I'm not only going 
to be blaming them,

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we are all here to be blamed.

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It's a responsibility of everyone
to be feeding people.

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Actually, you know one thing?

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You think that people
coming to my restaurant,

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me, the great chef, José Andrés,

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I am not part of the best city problem?

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Or, you know what
about the environment?

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Who put more CO2,
me or the fast food companies?

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A fast food restaurant receives

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two deliveries a week if [even so].

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Do you know how many I receive?

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Sometimes 50 or 60.

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I need to be pragmatic
if we want to feed the world.

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Actually, I put more CO2
in the environment

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than maybe those 
fast food companies

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that sometimes we complain about.

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But no, I'm not being paid by them,

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I only know that 
I have to be pragmatic

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if I want my boys to be respected,

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and we can use creativity

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to bring everyone to the table,

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and bring riches -- Are you with me?

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So here --

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I'm going to show you my creativity.

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Who likes almonds?

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Come on! Are you hungry?
Audience: Yeah!

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Are you hungry up there?

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Who likes cheese?
Audience: Yeah!

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Almond and cheese, right?
That's simple!

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Piece of cake!

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Let me show you what I do

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when I'm willing to move away

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from my comfort zone --

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I'm pushing the envelope --

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Let me show you creativity my way.

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(Music)
I think this is the first cooking video

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in the history of TED!

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Almonds are being fried --

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Olive oil --

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Those almonds are brown, tasty.

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We add water; the same water

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that we may find 
in a very distant planet,

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in another galaxy.

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And here we're going
to be blending those almonds.

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And we're going to be freezing
that almond puree.

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And we're going to use technology.

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We're going to be making
this amazing puree of almond,

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like almond butter.

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Now, we're going 
to be using some cream

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and we're going to be mixing again.

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Any food critic here?

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Great, I'm lucky.

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And now, we add liquid nitrogen.

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And take a look when we move away 
from the comfort zone --

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What we can do for the few --

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By getting a ladle, 
a beautiful metal ladle --

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We're able to introduce it
into this milk of almonds,

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and a very thin layer is going 
to be attached to the ladle.

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We reintroduce the ladle.

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We change the temperature,

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and we're going to be able
to separate the almonds.

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The almonds were hard,
they become liquid,

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they become hard again,
but now, we change the texture!

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We have the power to do that!

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We have the power
to use creativity!

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And you can do one,
and you can do another,

00:11:07.224 --> 00:11:09.965
and this is telling me
that there is hope!

00:11:09.965 --> 00:11:12.666
Because we can do 
amazing things

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with simple ingredients.

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If we apply heat, it melts again.

00:11:18.483 --> 00:11:20.693
We get the cheese,

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and we're going to show you

00:11:22.177 --> 00:11:24.439
how to make a mousse,
that, actually, if we want it,

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I can make that same mousse

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without cream and fat,

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only water... only water!

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No more fat in mousses!
(Laughter)

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But this one has cheese.

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We make the mousse

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and, then, we fill up 
the beautiful almond cups.

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People of America,

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two humble ingredients

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elevated to a new dimension, great!

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(Applause)

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So, this is creativity for a chef,

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but how can I put this creativity

00:12:09.774 --> 00:12:13.396
that only feeds the few 
to feed the many?

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Brillat-Savarin, 1826,
one of the most amazing

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food philosophers in
the history of mankind --

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"The destiny of the nations
depends on the manner

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in which they feed themselves."

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Wow! I think our politicians,
but also ourselves --

00:12:31.410 --> 00:12:38.401
We've forgotten such an amazing, 
powerful, powerful phrase.

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You know, almost two centuries
after he wrote this,

00:12:42.391 --> 00:12:46.595
we still face, sometimes in America,
but around the world,

00:12:46.595 --> 00:12:49.872
obesity and hunger.

00:12:49.872 --> 00:12:53.401
How is it possible that 
some, we can be so overweight,

00:12:53.401 --> 00:12:58.473
while others barely know
what to put into their mouths?

00:12:58.473 --> 00:13:02.288
But you know, I would love
to talk to you about

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how to produce food,

00:13:04.085 --> 00:13:05.914
but today I want to talk to you about

00:13:05.914 --> 00:13:08.039
how we cook and handle that food,

00:13:08.039 --> 00:13:10.118
because it can be equally important.

00:13:10.118 --> 00:13:13.855
We need to make sure
that we start --

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We need to stop throwing money 
into the problem,

00:13:16.892 --> 00:13:20.736
and really start investing money
into true solutions.

00:13:20.736 --> 00:13:23.577
And understanding 
the power of food,

00:13:23.577 --> 00:13:25.695
and the power of cooking
and creativity,

00:13:25.695 --> 00:13:27.702
this could be a great beginning.

00:13:27.702 --> 00:13:30.207
Take a look at this.

00:13:30.207 --> 00:13:32.654
This is Haiti.

00:13:32.654 --> 00:13:34.337
Do you see the garbage?

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Where do you think this garbage
came from, people? Where?

00:13:38.708 --> 00:13:40.313
It came from overseas.

00:13:40.313 --> 00:13:42.812
Yes, we have goodwill;
we went there to help.

00:13:42.812 --> 00:13:44.352
But look at all the trash

00:13:44.352 --> 00:13:47.107
we brought with us
in the process of helping!

00:13:47.221 --> 00:13:49.721
No one is really even thinking about it.

00:13:49.721 --> 00:13:52.135
How to take care of the garbage!

00:13:52.135 --> 00:13:55.638
Creativity, and cooking
and thinking about food,

00:13:55.638 --> 00:13:58.533
can help us to move this forward.

00:13:58.533 --> 00:13:59.687
I have this friend who had

00:13:59.687 --> 00:14:01.879
this simple, humble idea

00:14:01.879 --> 00:14:04.939
of getting a newspaper --

00:14:04.939 --> 00:14:07.058
If you're Republican you know
which one to use --

00:14:07.058 --> 00:14:09.744
If you're a Democrat, too.
(Laughter)

00:14:09.744 --> 00:14:12.535
And he had a party
but he didn't have a lot of money,

00:14:12.568 --> 00:14:14.561
and he needed a creative way

00:14:14.561 --> 00:14:17.326
to be saving money.

00:14:17.326 --> 00:14:19.054
And it was at this time,

00:14:19.054 --> 00:14:20.689
that such a simple thing

00:14:20.689 --> 00:14:27.819
as grabbing a piece of paper
-- a simple piece of paper --

00:14:27.819 --> 00:14:30.497
and transform the beautiful paper

00:14:30.497 --> 00:14:32.773
into something so simple

00:14:32.773 --> 00:14:35.357
as a place to put peanuts,

00:14:35.357 --> 00:14:39.142
like a plate to hold the peanuts

00:14:39.142 --> 00:14:41.075
that will allow you to eat them,

00:14:41.075 --> 00:14:42.276
and also, have a place

00:14:42.276 --> 00:14:46.556
to put the garbage next. 
(Laughter)

00:14:46.556 --> 00:14:48.350
Simple ideas, people,

00:14:48.350 --> 00:14:51.917
can be helping to feed the world,

00:14:51.917 --> 00:14:53.115
but we need to keep thinking,

00:14:53.115 --> 00:14:54.697
and thinking hard.

00:14:54.697 --> 00:14:57.532
A newspaper can only
be the beginning.

00:14:57.532 --> 00:14:59.530
But take a look at this,

00:14:59.530 --> 00:15:01.894
at what we have here --

00:15:01.894 --> 00:15:04.551
Here we have clean cookstoves.

00:15:04.551 --> 00:15:08.389
A woman cooking with 
wood and charcoal,

00:15:08.389 --> 00:15:12.072
but those cookstoves 
are cleaner now.

00:15:12.072 --> 00:15:15.720
Cleaner means that, even if
she's using wood and charcoal,

00:15:15.720 --> 00:15:19.511
she's using, probably, 
60 to 70 percent less.

00:15:19.511 --> 00:15:23.652
So, by using less
we cut less trees,

00:15:23.652 --> 00:15:25.519
by leaving trees in the forest,

00:15:25.519 --> 00:15:28.822
the rain, that we're supposed
to be celebrating

00:15:28.822 --> 00:15:30.798
because rain means water,

00:15:30.798 --> 00:15:33.091
and water means life.

00:15:33.091 --> 00:15:35.129
That rain doesn't create life.

00:15:35.129 --> 00:15:37.398
That rain creates death

00:15:37.398 --> 00:15:38.906
because we cut the trees,

00:15:38.906 --> 00:15:43.476
and there's nothing,
no roots to give life to that soil,

00:15:43.476 --> 00:15:45.327
and when the water comes down
from the mountains,

00:15:45.327 --> 00:15:47.172
it takes away lives, homes,

00:15:47.172 --> 00:15:53.216
and the only fertile soil
that we have left... Wow!

00:15:53.216 --> 00:15:59.892
And we could be using this [paper]
to make briquettes.

00:15:59.892 --> 00:16:03.556
With paper and organic matter

00:16:03.556 --> 00:16:08.860
that can help us to have
clean cookstoves

00:16:08.860 --> 00:16:11.098
that are part of the solution --

00:16:11.098 --> 00:16:14.200
feeding people, 
giving them opportunities,

00:16:14.200 --> 00:16:15.990
taking care of the environment,

00:16:15.990 --> 00:16:19.236
all with a simple idea.

00:16:19.236 --> 00:16:22.181
I use many clean cookstoves,

00:16:22.181 --> 00:16:24.184
some use briquettes,

00:16:24.184 --> 00:16:26.721
other ones use pellets,

00:16:26.721 --> 00:16:29.418
other ones use charcoal,

00:16:29.418 --> 00:16:33.744
but [with] other ones,
we use alcohol.

00:16:33.744 --> 00:16:37.138
There's hope,
we know how to do it,

00:16:37.138 --> 00:16:39.164
we know how to feed people,

00:16:39.164 --> 00:16:42.035
but we need to be really investing

00:16:42.035 --> 00:16:44.590
in true research and development,

00:16:44.590 --> 00:16:46.209
because research and development

00:16:46.209 --> 00:16:51.339
cannot be only part of the big
corporations of the world.

00:16:51.339 --> 00:16:53.644
If we don't start
applying creativity,

00:16:53.644 --> 00:16:54.918
research and development

00:16:54.918 --> 00:16:56.410
into the third world,

00:16:56.410 --> 00:16:58.966
we will never have hope

00:16:58.966 --> 00:17:01.483
for those people
that need it the most.

00:17:01.483 --> 00:17:04.619
And this was my simple contribution.

00:17:04.619 --> 00:17:09.990
Why we don't cook with
zero emission of CO2?

00:17:09.990 --> 00:17:12.827
Solar kitchens,
it's not the only way.

00:17:12.827 --> 00:17:14.629
I believe in many ways,

00:17:14.629 --> 00:17:17.904
but this is almost the dream way.

00:17:17.904 --> 00:17:19.734
I went there, many times,

00:17:19.734 --> 00:17:22.529
not trying to impose
the white man philosophy,

00:17:22.529 --> 00:17:24.220
but trying to listen.

00:17:24.220 --> 00:17:25.974
Because these people 
in the third world,

00:17:25.974 --> 00:17:28.022
they only want from us,

00:17:28.022 --> 00:17:30.614
not our pity,
but our respect,

00:17:30.614 --> 00:17:32.747
and they want us
to listen to them,

00:17:32.747 --> 00:17:34.682
so we can really help them,

00:17:34.682 --> 00:17:36.317
and not imposing solutions

00:17:36.317 --> 00:17:38.482
that no one believes in.

00:17:38.482 --> 00:17:41.904
And I did a simple thing --

00:17:41.904 --> 00:17:43.451
Creativity --

00:17:43.451 --> 00:17:46.407
The same creativity
that uses the sun.

00:17:46.407 --> 00:17:49.903
A creativity that I used
to feed six people.

00:17:49.903 --> 00:17:51.861
I painted this in black,

00:17:51.861 --> 00:17:54.502
with black we attract the sun,

00:17:54.502 --> 00:18:00.307
with the sun we're able to steam water
very, very quick --

00:18:00.307 --> 00:18:01.910
as quick as that --

00:18:01.910 --> 00:18:04.746
And forgive me for the video,
it was with my phone.

00:18:04.746 --> 00:18:09.909
Video: "I'm cooking lentils

00:18:09.909 --> 00:18:15.633
and I'm only using the sun! Wow!

00:18:15.633 --> 00:18:19.000
Clean cookstoves are
a great way to cook."

00:18:26.741 --> 00:18:32.989
(Applause)

00:18:33.927 --> 00:18:37.747
Creativity in cooking can help solve,

00:18:37.747 --> 00:18:39.480
can really help solve

00:18:39.480 --> 00:18:42.750
the biggest challenges in our world.

00:18:42.750 --> 00:18:46.672
Creativity can be the way
to teach people again

00:18:46.683 --> 00:18:48.296
how to feed themselves,

00:18:48.296 --> 00:18:49.969
by giving them the power

00:18:49.969 --> 00:18:52.126
of knowing how to cook.

00:18:52.126 --> 00:18:55.928
Through education
we can achieve that.

00:18:55.928 --> 00:18:59.439
Education and creativity will be key.

00:18:59.439 --> 00:19:03.386
If we really give people, 
like in Haiti,

00:19:03.386 --> 00:19:08.143
the tools through creativity
to feed themselves,

00:19:08.143 --> 00:19:11.521
the world has hope.

00:19:11.521 --> 00:19:15.957
Cooking is what makes us
uniquely human,

00:19:15.957 --> 00:19:17.985
it's what differentiate us

00:19:17.985 --> 00:19:22.477
from everyone else on this Earth.

00:19:22.477 --> 00:19:25.633
Creativity and cooking, guys,
can give us hope

00:19:25.633 --> 00:19:29.329
that we may have
a better world tomorrow.

00:19:29.329 --> 00:19:33.298
I would like to use another phrase
of Brillat-Savarin,

00:19:33.298 --> 00:19:35.192
"Show me what you eat,

00:19:35.192 --> 00:19:38.220
and I will tell you who you are."

00:19:38.220 --> 00:19:40.741
An important phrase,

00:19:40.741 --> 00:19:44.143
but I will ask Mr. Brillat-Savarin

00:19:44.143 --> 00:19:46.720
to allow me, in a humble way,

00:19:46.720 --> 00:19:50.715
to help me update 
this powerful phrase.

00:19:50.715 --> 00:19:53.173
I think from now on,
it should be,

00:19:53.173 --> 00:19:57.243
"Show me how you cook,

00:19:57.243 --> 00:20:01.886
and I will tell you
who you really are."

00:20:01.886 --> 00:20:03.836
My name is José Andrés,

00:20:03.836 --> 00:20:05.440
I know I feed the few

00:20:05.440 --> 00:20:07.895
but I really want to be 
part of the solution

00:20:07.895 --> 00:20:09.559
of feeding the world.

00:20:09.559 --> 00:20:11.157
Thank you very much.

00:20:11.157 --> 00:20:15.555
(Applause)