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Well, I don't know about you

2
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but today, I learned many things.

3
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I learned that, actually,

4
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astronomers don't have
all the ingredients with them,

5
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or that they don't know

6
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many of the ingredients 
in the universe.

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Cooks... We do.
(Laughter)

8
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And it's funny that 
she's using liquid nitrogen,

9
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when I use liquid nitrogen to cook,

10
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and I'm so happy we found water

11
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in very distant and far away countries --

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very far away planets.

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With water, I can cook --

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I know I have а job... forever.

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Why am I here?

16
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I would love to believe it's because

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I have something important 
to share with you,

18
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but I have a feeling 
that all my TED friends,

19
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in a very busy weekend 
in Washington,

20
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they wanted the excuse of --

21
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why ask me for a reservation --

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They invite me to speak,

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[so] they go to other places. 
(Applause)

24
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But we are here to talk about

25
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more important things.

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I'm a chef --

27
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I'm a chef and I cook for the few,

28
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but, really, I want to be 
cooking for the world.

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I want to create the spark.

30
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And how do we create 
the spark being a chef?

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We create the spark 
through creativity.

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I know lunch is coming.
(Laughter)

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Are you hungry?
(Laughter)

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Sometimes, guys, 
to be creative,

35
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the only thing 
we have to be doing is --

36
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Why not? 
Looking at the stars,

37
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maybe, Andromeda,

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or maybe, a far away galaxy

39
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it's a way to get inspired.

40
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I just got inspired

41
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by these amazing presentations.

42
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Sometimes, you only have to do

43
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simple things as these.

44
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I'm going to start now.

45
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Why? Because the world

46
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needs me to start.

47
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But creativity doesn't happen,

48
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you know, in the middle of a beach,

49
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doing nothing, under
a palm tree... No!

50
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I've never created
anything in the beach,

51
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I only get burned by the sun.
(Laughter)

52
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Actually, creativity will only happen

53
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when I'm surrounded

54
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by high energy environments

55
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that keep all of these ideas

56
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coming and coming,
and tip your life!

57
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Well, sometimes, to look

58
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for new creative ways

59
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we don't need to look 
into the big things,

60
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we need to concentrate
in the small ones.

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Sometimes, we need to be 
looking into the big ones,

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because [that] can be
what creates a small idea.

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What is big can be small,

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and what's small can become huge!

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We have no time to waste,

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but in order to be creative,

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people of the world,

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we have to make sure

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that we will not be afraid

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to look beyond the horizon

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that we don't know 
what's behind.

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To take really 
that challenge of saying,

73
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"I'm going to move away 
from my comfort zone

74
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and I'm going to reach beyond

75
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what I don't know."

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This is really how 
we become creative.

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Where, sometimes,
light can be

78
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what makes us blind,

79
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or what gives us the light

80
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to help us begin 
with a new creation.

81
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Sometimes, using 
a simple piece of paper,

82
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writing one word or one phrase

83
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can begin something amazing.

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But here is... 
what important things start.

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Sometimes, very simple ideas --

86
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very simple ideas 
can achieve fascinating things.

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Take a look at something like

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what we have in front of us

89
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every day of our lives.

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How many of you have
had a glass of water today?

91
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Great! What did you do with it,
besides drinking it?

92
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You didn't talk to it,
you didn't ask,

93
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What can I do today
with this glass of water

94
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that has never been done before?

95
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Well, [the] funny thing is

96
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that if I take risks,

97
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and if I move away 
from my comfort zone,

98
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that meaning not going 
to the market to get inspired,

99
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or opening a cookbook
to get inspiration,

100
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but maybe, going to Harvard or MIT,

101
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where I have no clue

102
00:04:24,973 --> 00:04:27,286
what those scientists 
are talking about -- (Laughter)

103
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but I'm taking the risk
of making a fool of myself

104
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only because it's worth it --

105
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and I understand

106
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that I can defy gravity --

107
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And that I can control the water

108
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by understanding the pressure --

109
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the low pressure that is formed inside.

110
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And understanding a little bit

111
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about water surface tension --

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Wow, I am being creative,

113
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right here, right now!

114
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At the end, guys, you know,

115
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a simple ingredient, like water,

116
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can be helping me to come up

117
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with something fascinating

118
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from a very old ingredient

119
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-- and water is quite old.

120
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But at the low end,

121
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I can learn new ways to cook

122
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in a clean and efficient way.

123
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You know, guys, we've been
cooking with fire

124
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for hundred of thousands of years.

125
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That was almost the beginning 
of creativity in cooking! Yes?

126
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But it's so funny.

127
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Today, hundred of thousands of years

128
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after we began controlling fire,

129
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we use that same fire

130
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to cook on a Sunday for our friends.

131
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Why? Because 
we're rich and powerful,

132
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and we have the charcoal,

133
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and we have the money 
to buy the meat

134
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that can feed our friends,

135
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and because we are men,
and we know how to cook. (Laughter)

136
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But this is not laughing [matter].

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Hundred of millions
of years of evolution,

138
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reaching to the stars,

139
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going to the moon --

140
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and still people are living lives,

141
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as we used to live them

142
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hundred of thousands of years ago.

143
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This is how the advance 
of humanity has helped us --

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Having people 
who have achieved fire --

145
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what takes me a second,

146
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it takes them hours --

147
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They have to search for the wood --

148
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these girls get in danger

149
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because they're alone in the forest,

150
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in the middle of nowhere.

151
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They can be raped,

152
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because they're looking for the fuel
to cook their food.

153
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They have no time to go to school,

154
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so they have no future
because they receive no education.

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Wow! And here we come... to corn;

156
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a grain that is everywhere 
to be found in America.

157
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For thousands of years,
civilizations have been living around corn.

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Let me show you creativity.

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With corn we feed the cattle,

160
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when, actually, we should 
feed the cattle with grass.

161
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It's smarter, but no,
we use it to feed those cattle

162
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that will produce meat.

163
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And with corn we are able
to come out with oil,

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that is going to fry those potatoes.

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And with corn we can make syrup

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that help us to make ketchup.

167
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And believe it or not,

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with corn, also, we can make
a great soda! Wow!

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With corn we're even able 
to make the paper!

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Creativity at it best!
(Laughter)

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I cannot beat that, guys!
(Laughter)

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So, the fun part is that

173
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I could be telling you

174
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how many things 
are wrong about these,

175
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but the truth is that 
a burger is a paradigm

176
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of the complexities 
of how we feed humanity!

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But I'm not only going 
to be blaming them,

178
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we are all here to be blamed.

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It's a responsibility of everyone
to be feeding people.

180
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Actually, you know one thing?

181
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You think that people
coming to my restaurant,

182
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me, the great chef, José Andrés,

183
00:08:09,590 --> 00:08:13,263
I am not part of the best city problem?

184
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Or, you know what
about the environment?

185
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Who put more CO2,
me or the fast food companies?

186
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A fast food restaurant receives

187
00:08:20,780 --> 00:08:23,996
two deliveries a week if [even so].

188
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Do you know how many I receive?

189
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Sometimes 50 or 60.

190
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I need to be pragmatic
if we want to feed the world.

191
00:08:31,383 --> 00:08:33,141
Actually, I put more CO2
in the environment

192
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than maybe those 
fast food companies

193
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that sometimes we complain about.

194
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But no, I'm not being paid by them,

195
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I only know that 
I have to be pragmatic

196
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if I want my boys to be respected,

197
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and we can use creativity

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to bring everyone to the table,

199
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and bring riches -- Are you with me?

200
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So here --

201
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I'm going to show you my creativity.

202
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Who likes almonds?

203
00:08:59,649 --> 00:09:02,902
Come on! Are you hungry?
Audience: Yeah!

204
00:09:02,902 --> 00:09:05,441
Are you hungry up there?

205
00:09:05,441 --> 00:09:07,765
Who likes cheese?
Audience: Yeah!

206
00:09:07,765 --> 00:09:09,978
Almond and cheese, right?
That's simple!

207
00:09:09,978 --> 00:09:11,587
Piece of cake!

208
00:09:11,587 --> 00:09:13,962
Let me show you what I do

209
00:09:13,962 --> 00:09:15,496
when I'm willing to move away

210
00:09:15,496 --> 00:09:17,552
from my comfort zone --

211
00:09:17,552 --> 00:09:19,375
I'm pushing the envelope --

212
00:09:19,375 --> 00:09:23,150
Let me show you creativity my way.

213
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(Music)
I think this is the first cooking video

214
00:09:26,808 --> 00:09:28,573
in the history of TED!

215
00:09:28,573 --> 00:09:32,577
Almonds are being fried --

216
00:09:32,577 --> 00:09:36,404
Olive oil --

217
00:09:36,404 --> 00:09:39,841
Those almonds are brown, tasty.

218
00:09:39,841 --> 00:09:41,623
We add water; the same water

219
00:09:41,623 --> 00:09:45,271
that we may find 
in a very distant planet,

220
00:09:45,271 --> 00:09:47,457
in another galaxy.

221
00:09:47,457 --> 00:09:55,484
And here we're going
to be blending those almonds.

222
00:09:55,484 --> 00:09:58,593
And we're going to be freezing
that almond puree.

223
00:09:58,593 --> 00:10:00,882
And we're going to use technology.

224
00:10:00,882 --> 00:10:06,601
We're going to be making
this amazing puree of almond,

225
00:10:06,601 --> 00:10:09,009
like almond butter.

226
00:10:09,009 --> 00:10:15,969
Now, we're going 
to be using some cream

227
00:10:15,969 --> 00:10:19,531
and we're going to be mixing again.

228
00:10:19,531 --> 00:10:21,888
Any food critic here?

229
00:10:21,888 --> 00:10:23,854
Great, I'm lucky.

230
00:10:23,854 --> 00:10:28,129
And now, we add liquid nitrogen.

231
00:10:28,129 --> 00:10:31,837
And take a look when we move away 
from the comfort zone --

232
00:10:31,837 --> 00:10:35,257
What we can do for the few --

233
00:10:35,257 --> 00:10:40,713
By getting a ladle, 
a beautiful metal ladle --

234
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We're able to introduce it
into this milk of almonds,

235
00:10:45,639 --> 00:10:49,126
and a very thin layer is going 
to be attached to the ladle.

236
00:10:49,126 --> 00:10:51,485
We reintroduce the ladle.

237
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We change the temperature,

238
00:10:53,088 --> 00:10:55,051
and we're going to be able
to separate the almonds.

239
00:10:55,051 --> 00:10:57,113
The almonds were hard,
they become liquid,

240
00:10:57,113 --> 00:10:59,852
they become hard again,
but now, we change the texture!

241
00:10:59,852 --> 00:11:01,988
We have the power to do that!

242
00:11:01,988 --> 00:11:05,090
We have the power
to use creativity!

243
00:11:05,090 --> 00:11:07,224
And you can do one,
and you can do another,

244
00:11:07,224 --> 00:11:09,965
and this is telling me
that there is hope!

245
00:11:09,965 --> 00:11:12,666
Because we can do 
amazing things

246
00:11:12,666 --> 00:11:15,543
with simple ingredients.

247
00:11:15,543 --> 00:11:18,483
If we apply heat, it melts again.

248
00:11:18,483 --> 00:11:20,693
We get the cheese,

249
00:11:20,693 --> 00:11:22,177
and we're going to show you

250
00:11:22,177 --> 00:11:24,439
how to make a mousse,
that, actually, if we want it,

251
00:11:24,439 --> 00:11:26,490
I can make that same mousse

252
00:11:26,490 --> 00:11:28,302
without cream and fat,

253
00:11:28,302 --> 00:11:31,451
only water... only water!

254
00:11:31,451 --> 00:11:35,223
No more fat in mousses!
(Laughter)

255
00:11:35,223 --> 00:11:37,728
But this one has cheese.

256
00:11:37,728 --> 00:11:39,422
We make the mousse

257
00:11:39,422 --> 00:11:42,457
and, then, we fill up 
the beautiful almond cups.

258
00:11:42,457 --> 00:11:43,948
People of America,

259
00:11:43,948 --> 00:11:46,488
two humble ingredients

260
00:11:46,488 --> 00:11:52,494
elevated to a new dimension, great!

261
00:11:52,494 --> 00:12:01,754
(Applause)

262
00:12:04,169 --> 00:12:07,502
So, this is creativity for a chef,

263
00:12:07,502 --> 00:12:09,774
but how can I put this creativity

264
00:12:09,774 --> 00:12:13,396
that only feeds the few 
to feed the many?

265
00:12:13,396 --> 00:12:17,661
Brillat-Savarin, 1826,
one of the most amazing

266
00:12:17,699 --> 00:12:21,436
food philosophers in
the history of mankind --

267
00:12:21,436 --> 00:12:23,481
"The destiny of the nations
depends on the manner

268
00:12:23,481 --> 00:12:27,272
in which they feed themselves."

269
00:12:27,272 --> 00:12:31,410
Wow! I think our politicians,
but also ourselves --

270
00:12:31,410 --> 00:12:38,401
We've forgotten such an amazing, 
powerful, powerful phrase.

271
00:12:38,401 --> 00:12:42,391
You know, almost two centuries
after he wrote this,

272
00:12:42,391 --> 00:12:46,595
we still face, sometimes in America,
but around the world,

273
00:12:46,595 --> 00:12:49,872
obesity and hunger.

274
00:12:49,872 --> 00:12:53,401
How is it possible that 
some, we can be so overweight,

275
00:12:53,401 --> 00:12:58,473
while others barely know
what to put into their mouths?

276
00:12:58,473 --> 00:13:02,288
But you know, I would love
to talk to you about

277
00:13:02,288 --> 00:13:04,085
how to produce food,

278
00:13:04,085 --> 00:13:05,914
but today I want to talk to you about

279
00:13:05,914 --> 00:13:08,039
how we cook and handle that food,

280
00:13:08,039 --> 00:13:10,118
because it can be equally important.

281
00:13:10,118 --> 00:13:13,855
We need to make sure
that we start --

282
00:13:13,855 --> 00:13:16,892
We need to stop throwing money 
into the problem,

283
00:13:16,892 --> 00:13:20,736
and really start investing money
into true solutions.

284
00:13:20,736 --> 00:13:23,577
And understanding 
the power of food,

285
00:13:23,577 --> 00:13:25,695
and the power of cooking
and creativity,

286
00:13:25,695 --> 00:13:27,702
this could be a great beginning.

287
00:13:27,702 --> 00:13:30,207
Take a look at this.

288
00:13:30,207 --> 00:13:32,654
This is Haiti.

289
00:13:32,654 --> 00:13:34,337
Do you see the garbage?

290
00:13:34,337 --> 00:13:38,708
Where do you think this garbage
came from, people? Where?

291
00:13:38,708 --> 00:13:40,313
It came from overseas.

292
00:13:40,313 --> 00:13:42,812
Yes, we have goodwill;
we went there to help.

293
00:13:42,812 --> 00:13:44,352
But look at all the trash

294
00:13:44,352 --> 00:13:47,107
we brought with us
in the process of helping!

295
00:13:47,221 --> 00:13:49,721
No one is really even thinking about it.

296
00:13:49,721 --> 00:13:52,135
How to take care of the garbage!

297
00:13:52,135 --> 00:13:55,638
Creativity, and cooking
and thinking about food,

298
00:13:55,638 --> 00:13:58,533
can help us to move this forward.

299
00:13:58,533 --> 00:13:59,687
I have this friend who had

300
00:13:59,687 --> 00:14:01,879
this simple, humble idea

301
00:14:01,879 --> 00:14:04,939
of getting a newspaper --

302
00:14:04,939 --> 00:14:07,058
If you're Republican you know
which one to use --

303
00:14:07,058 --> 00:14:09,744
If you're a Democrat, too.
(Laughter)

304
00:14:09,744 --> 00:14:12,535
And he had a party
but he didn't have a lot of money,

305
00:14:12,568 --> 00:14:14,561
and he needed a creative way

306
00:14:14,561 --> 00:14:17,326
to be saving money.

307
00:14:17,326 --> 00:14:19,054
And it was at this time,

308
00:14:19,054 --> 00:14:20,689
that such a simple thing

309
00:14:20,689 --> 00:14:27,819
as grabbing a piece of paper
-- a simple piece of paper --

310
00:14:27,819 --> 00:14:30,497
and transform the beautiful paper

311
00:14:30,497 --> 00:14:32,773
into something so simple

312
00:14:32,773 --> 00:14:35,357
as a place to put peanuts,

313
00:14:35,357 --> 00:14:39,142
like a plate to hold the peanuts

314
00:14:39,142 --> 00:14:41,075
that will allow you to eat them,

315
00:14:41,075 --> 00:14:42,276
and also, have a place

316
00:14:42,276 --> 00:14:46,556
to put the garbage next. 
(Laughter)

317
00:14:46,556 --> 00:14:48,350
Simple ideas, people,

318
00:14:48,350 --> 00:14:51,917
can be helping to feed the world,

319
00:14:51,917 --> 00:14:53,115
but we need to keep thinking,

320
00:14:53,115 --> 00:14:54,697
and thinking hard.

321
00:14:54,697 --> 00:14:57,532
A newspaper can only
be the beginning.

322
00:14:57,532 --> 00:14:59,530
But take a look at this,

323
00:14:59,530 --> 00:15:01,894
at what we have here --

324
00:15:01,894 --> 00:15:04,551
Here we have clean cookstoves.

325
00:15:04,551 --> 00:15:08,389
A woman cooking with 
wood and charcoal,

326
00:15:08,389 --> 00:15:12,072
but those cookstoves 
are cleaner now.

327
00:15:12,072 --> 00:15:15,720
Cleaner means that, even if
she's using wood and charcoal,

328
00:15:15,720 --> 00:15:19,511
she's using, probably, 
60 to 70 percent less.

329
00:15:19,511 --> 00:15:23,652
So, by using less
we cut less trees,

330
00:15:23,652 --> 00:15:25,519
by leaving trees in the forest,

331
00:15:25,519 --> 00:15:28,822
the rain, that we're supposed
to be celebrating

332
00:15:28,822 --> 00:15:30,798
because rain means water,

333
00:15:30,798 --> 00:15:33,091
and water means life.

334
00:15:33,091 --> 00:15:35,129
That rain doesn't create life.

335
00:15:35,129 --> 00:15:37,398
That rain creates death

336
00:15:37,398 --> 00:15:38,906
because we cut the trees,

337
00:15:38,906 --> 00:15:43,476
and there's nothing,
no roots to give life to that soil,

338
00:15:43,476 --> 00:15:45,327
and when the water comes down
from the mountains,

339
00:15:45,327 --> 00:15:47,172
it takes away lives, homes,

340
00:15:47,172 --> 00:15:53,216
and the only fertile soil
that we have left... Wow!

341
00:15:53,216 --> 00:15:59,892
And we could be using this [paper]
to make briquettes.

342
00:15:59,892 --> 00:16:03,556
With paper and organic matter

343
00:16:03,556 --> 00:16:08,860
that can help us to have
clean cookstoves

344
00:16:08,860 --> 00:16:11,098
that are part of the solution --

345
00:16:11,098 --> 00:16:14,200
feeding people, 
giving them opportunities,

346
00:16:14,200 --> 00:16:15,990
taking care of the environment,

347
00:16:15,990 --> 00:16:19,236
all with a simple idea.

348
00:16:19,236 --> 00:16:22,181
I use many clean cookstoves,

349
00:16:22,181 --> 00:16:24,184
some use briquettes,

350
00:16:24,184 --> 00:16:26,721
other ones use pellets,

351
00:16:26,721 --> 00:16:29,418
other ones use charcoal,

352
00:16:29,418 --> 00:16:33,744
but [with] other ones,
we use alcohol.

353
00:16:33,744 --> 00:16:37,138
There's hope,
we know how to do it,

354
00:16:37,138 --> 00:16:39,164
we know how to feed people,

355
00:16:39,164 --> 00:16:42,035
but we need to be really investing

356
00:16:42,035 --> 00:16:44,590
in true research and development,

357
00:16:44,590 --> 00:16:46,209
because research and development

358
00:16:46,209 --> 00:16:51,339
cannot be only part of the big
corporations of the world.

359
00:16:51,339 --> 00:16:53,644
If we don't start
applying creativity,

360
00:16:53,644 --> 00:16:54,918
research and development

361
00:16:54,918 --> 00:16:56,410
into the third world,

362
00:16:56,410 --> 00:16:58,966
we will never have hope

363
00:16:58,966 --> 00:17:01,483
for those people
that need it the most.

364
00:17:01,483 --> 00:17:04,619
And this was my simple contribution.

365
00:17:04,619 --> 00:17:09,990
Why we don't cook with
zero emission of CO2?

366
00:17:09,990 --> 00:17:12,827
Solar kitchens,
it's not the only way.

367
00:17:12,827 --> 00:17:14,629
I believe in many ways,

368
00:17:14,629 --> 00:17:17,904
but this is almost the dream way.

369
00:17:17,904 --> 00:17:19,734
I went there, many times,

370
00:17:19,734 --> 00:17:22,529
not trying to impose
the white man philosophy,

371
00:17:22,529 --> 00:17:24,220
but trying to listen.

372
00:17:24,220 --> 00:17:25,974
Because these people 
in the third world,

373
00:17:25,974 --> 00:17:28,022
they only want from us,

374
00:17:28,022 --> 00:17:30,614
not our pity,
but our respect,

375
00:17:30,614 --> 00:17:32,747
and they want us
to listen to them,

376
00:17:32,747 --> 00:17:34,682
so we can really help them,

377
00:17:34,682 --> 00:17:36,317
and not imposing solutions

378
00:17:36,317 --> 00:17:38,482
that no one believes in.

379
00:17:38,482 --> 00:17:41,904
And I did a simple thing --

380
00:17:41,904 --> 00:17:43,451
Creativity --

381
00:17:43,451 --> 00:17:46,407
The same creativity
that uses the sun.

382
00:17:46,407 --> 00:17:49,903
A creativity that I used
to feed six people.

383
00:17:49,903 --> 00:17:51,861
I painted this in black,

384
00:17:51,861 --> 00:17:54,502
with black we attract the sun,

385
00:17:54,502 --> 00:18:00,307
with the sun we're able to steam water
very, very quick --

386
00:18:00,307 --> 00:18:01,910
as quick as that --

387
00:18:01,910 --> 00:18:04,746
And forgive me for the video,
it was with my phone.

388
00:18:04,746 --> 00:18:09,909
Video: "I'm cooking lentils

389
00:18:09,909 --> 00:18:15,633
and I'm only using the sun! Wow!

390
00:18:15,633 --> 00:18:19,000
Clean cookstoves are
a great way to cook."

391
00:18:26,741 --> 00:18:32,989
(Applause)

392
00:18:33,927 --> 00:18:37,747
Creativity in cooking can help solve,

393
00:18:37,747 --> 00:18:39,480
can really help solve

394
00:18:39,480 --> 00:18:42,750
the biggest challenges in our world.

395
00:18:42,750 --> 00:18:46,672
Creativity can be the way
to teach people again

396
00:18:46,683 --> 00:18:48,296
how to feed themselves,

397
00:18:48,296 --> 00:18:49,969
by giving them the power

398
00:18:49,969 --> 00:18:52,126
of knowing how to cook.

399
00:18:52,126 --> 00:18:55,928
Through education
we can achieve that.

400
00:18:55,928 --> 00:18:59,439
Education and creativity will be key.

401
00:18:59,439 --> 00:19:03,386
If we really give people, 
like in Haiti,

402
00:19:03,386 --> 00:19:08,143
the tools through creativity
to feed themselves,

403
00:19:08,143 --> 00:19:11,521
the world has hope.

404
00:19:11,521 --> 00:19:15,957
Cooking is what makes us
uniquely human,

405
00:19:15,957 --> 00:19:17,985
it's what differentiate us

406
00:19:17,985 --> 00:19:22,477
from everyone else on this Earth.

407
00:19:22,477 --> 00:19:25,633
Creativity and cooking, guys,
can give us hope

408
00:19:25,633 --> 00:19:29,329
that we may have
a better world tomorrow.

409
00:19:29,329 --> 00:19:33,298
I would like to use another phrase
of Brillat-Savarin,

410
00:19:33,298 --> 00:19:35,192
"Show me what you eat,

411
00:19:35,192 --> 00:19:38,220
and I will tell you who you are."

412
00:19:38,220 --> 00:19:40,741
An important phrase,

413
00:19:40,741 --> 00:19:44,143
but I will ask Mr. Brillat-Savarin

414
00:19:44,143 --> 00:19:46,720
to allow me, in a humble way,

415
00:19:46,720 --> 00:19:50,715
to help me update 
this powerful phrase.

416
00:19:50,715 --> 00:19:53,173
I think from now on,
it should be,

417
00:19:53,173 --> 00:19:57,243
"Show me how you cook,

418
00:19:57,243 --> 00:20:01,886
and I will tell you
who you really are."

419
00:20:01,886 --> 00:20:03,836
My name is José Andrés,

420
00:20:03,836 --> 00:20:05,440
I know I feed the few

421
00:20:05,440 --> 00:20:07,895
but I really want to be 
part of the solution

422
00:20:07,895 --> 00:20:09,559
of feeding the world.

423
00:20:09,559 --> 00:20:11,157
Thank you very much.

424
00:20:11,157 --> 00:20:15,555
(Applause)