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Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.59,0:00:08.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Behold the human brain,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.55,0:00:13.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's lumpy landscape visibly split into\Na left and right side.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.53,0:00:18.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This structure has inspired one of \Nthe most pervasive ideas about the brain,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.46,0:00:20.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the left side controls logic
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.44,0:00:22.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the right, creativity.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.92,0:00:28.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And yet, this is a myth unsupported\Nby scientific evidence.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.02,0:00:30.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how did this misleading idea\Ncome about,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.52,0:00:33.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what does it get wrong?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.18,0:00:36.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's true that the brain has a right\Nand a left side.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.27,0:00:40.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is most apparent \Nwith the outer layer, or the cortex.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.10,0:00:42.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Internal regions, like the striatum,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.45,0:00:43.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hypothalamus,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.56,0:00:44.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thalamus,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.48,0:00:45.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and brain stem
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.77,0:00:48.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,appear to be made from continuous tissue,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.65,0:00:53.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in fact, they're also organized\Nwith left and right sides.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.43,0:00:57.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The left and the right sides of the brain\Ndo control different body functions,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.22,0:00:59.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as movement and sight.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.90,0:01:05.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The brain's right side controls the motion\Nof the left arm and leg and vice versa.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.45,0:01:08.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The visual system is even more complex.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.67,0:01:12.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each eye has a left \Nand right visual field.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.52,0:01:16.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Both left visual fields are sent\Nto the right side of the brain,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.39,0:01:19.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and both right fields \Nare sent to the left side.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.55,0:01:24.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the brain uses both sides to make\Na complete image of the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.44,0:01:29.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Scientists don't know for sure\Nwhy we have that crossing over.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.92,0:01:35.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One theory is it began soon after animals\Ndeveloped more complex nervous systems
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.35,0:01:39.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it gave the survival advantage\Nof quicker reflexes.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.85,0:01:42.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If an animal sees a predator coming\Nfrom its left side,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.69,0:01:45.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's best off escaping to the right.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.78,0:01:49.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we can say that vision \Nand movement control are two systems
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.55,0:01:52.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that rely on this left-right structure,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.93,0:01:59.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but problems arise when we over-extend\Nthat idea to logic and creativity.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.38,0:02:02.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This misconception began in \Nthe mid-1800s
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.36,0:02:05.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when two neurologists, Broca and Wernicke,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.42,0:02:10.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,examined patients who had problems\Ncommunicating due to injuries.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.98,0:02:15.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The researchers found damage to\Nthe patients' left temporal lobes,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.05,0:02:20.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they suggested that language is\Ncontrolled by the left side of the brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.22,0:02:22.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That captured the popular imagination.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.70,0:02:24.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Author Robert Louis Stevenson
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.21,0:02:27.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then introduced the idea \Nof a logical left hemisphere
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.83,0:02:30.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,competing with an emotional \Nright hemisphere
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.76,0:02:35.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,represented by his characters\NDr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.37,0:02:38.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this idea didn't hold up when doctors\Nand scientists
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.24,0:02:41.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,examined patients who were missing\Na hemisphere
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.25,0:02:44.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or had their two hemispheres separated.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.73,0:02:47.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These patients showed a complete\Nrange of behaviors,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.96,0:02:50.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both logical and creative.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.61,0:02:55.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Later research showed that one side\Nof the brain is more active than the other
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.39,0:02:57.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for some functions.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.70,0:03:00.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Language is more localized to the left
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.26,0:03:03.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and attention to the right.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.08,0:03:05.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So one side of the brain may do more work,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.38,0:03:09.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but this varies by system\Nrather than by person.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.56,0:03:11.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There isn't any evidence to suggest
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.36,0:03:14.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that individuals have dominant \Nsides of the brain,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.65,0:03:17.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or to support the idea \Nof a left-right split
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.64,0:03:20.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between logic and creativity.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.30,0:03:23.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some people may be particularly logical\Nor creative,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.72,0:03:27.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that has nothing to do with the sides\Nof their brains.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.08,0:03:31.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And even the idea of logic and creativity\Nbeing at odds with each other
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.56,0:03:33.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doesn't hold up well.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.71,0:03:37.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Solving complex math problems requires\Ninspired creativity
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.68,0:03:42.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and many vibrant works of art\Nhave intricate logical frameworks.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.46,0:03:45.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Almost every feat of creativity and logic
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.80,0:03:49.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,carries the mark of the whole brain\Nfunctioning as one.