[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.68,0:00:13.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to skip the introduction.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.65,0:00:18.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to start by doing an experiment.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.56,0:00:23.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to play three videos\Nof a rainy day.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.64,0:00:27.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I've replaced the audio\Nof one of the videos,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.54,0:00:29.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and instead of the sound of rain,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.94,0:00:33.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've added the sound of bacon frying.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.84,0:00:37.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I want you think carefully\Nwhich one the clip with the bacon is.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.40,0:00:40.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Rain falls)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.09,0:00:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Rain falls)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.33,0:00:48.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Rain falls)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.71,0:00:52.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All right.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.16,0:00:56.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually, I lied.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.76,0:00:58.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're all bacon.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.06,0:00:59.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Bacon sizzles)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.38,0:01:07.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.02,0:01:11.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My point here isn't really\Nto make you hungry
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.31,0:01:12.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every time you see a rainy scene,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.99,0:01:18.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's to show that our brains\Nare conditioned to embrace the lies.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.50,0:01:21.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're not looking for accuracy.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.55,0:01:25.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So on the subject of deception,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.36,0:01:28.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wanted to quote one\Nof my favorite authors.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.75,0:01:35.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In "The Decay of Lying,"\NOscar Wilde establishes the idea
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.72,0:01:41.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that all bad art comes from copying\Nnature and being realistic;
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.90,0:01:47.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and all great art comes\Nfrom lying and deceiving,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.83,0:01:50.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and telling beautiful, untrue things.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.90,0:01:53.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I want to make this clear -
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.79,0:01:56.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you're watching a movie
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.99,0:01:58.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a phone rings,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.53,0:02:00.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's not actually ringing.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.04,0:02:05.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's been added later\Nin postproduction in a studio.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.32,0:02:08.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of the sounds you hear are fake.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.20,0:02:10.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everything, apart from the dialogue,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.04,0:02:11.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is fake.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.16,0:02:14.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not the only thing that's fake\Nin Hollywood, by the way.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.62,0:02:16.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.61,0:02:20.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you watch a movie and you see\Na bird flapping its wings --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.29,0:02:22.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Wings flap)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.64,0:02:25.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They haven't really recorded the bird.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.93,0:02:30.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It sounds a lot more realistic\Nif you record a sheet
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.95,0:02:32.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or shaking kitchen gloves.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.52,0:02:34.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Flaps)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.55,0:02:39.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The burning of a cigarette up close --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.02,0:02:42.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Cigarette burns)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.85,0:02:45.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It actually sounds a lot more authentic
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.63,0:02:48.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you take a small Saran Wrap ball
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.50,0:02:49.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and release it.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.74,0:02:52.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(A Saran Warp ball being released)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.87,0:02:55.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Punches?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.30,0:02:56.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Punch)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.84,0:02:57.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me play that again.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.100,0:02:58.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Punch)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.84,0:03:02.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's often done by sticking\Na knife in vegetables,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.60,0:03:04.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,usually cabbage.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.36,0:03:05.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Cabbage stabbed with a knife)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.29,0:03:09.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The next one -\NI'm not going to play the video
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.67,0:03:11.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's breaking bones.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.69,0:03:13.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Bones break)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.57,0:03:16.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, no one was really harmed.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.93,0:03:18.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's actually ...
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.36,0:03:22.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,breaking celery or frozen lettuce.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.64,0:03:24.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Breaking frozen lettuce or celery)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.75,0:03:27.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.58,0:03:32.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yeah. Thanks to my three friends\Nwho are laughing.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.25,0:03:38.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Making the right sounds\Nis not always as easy
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.99,0:03:40.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a trip to the supermarket
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.92,0:03:43.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and going to the vegetable section.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.64,0:03:46.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's often a lot more\Ncomplicated than that.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.04,0:03:49.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let's reverse-engineer together
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.09,0:03:51.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the creation of a sound effect.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.44,0:03:54.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of my favorite stories\Ncomes from Frank Serafine.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.81,0:03:56.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's a contributor to our library,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.68,0:04:00.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a great sound designer for "Tron"\Nand "Star Trek" and others.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.29,0:04:06.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was part of the Paramount team\Nthat won the Oscar for best sound
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.57,0:04:08.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for "The Hunt for Red October."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.53,0:04:11.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this Cold War classic, in the '90s,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.94,0:04:16.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were asked to produce the sound\Nof the propeller of the submarine.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.75,0:04:18.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they had a small problem:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.12,0:04:21.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they couldn't really find\Na submarine in West Hollywood.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.66,0:04:25.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So basically, what they did is,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.35,0:04:28.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they went to a friend's swimming pool,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.78,0:04:32.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Frank performed a cannonball.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.47,0:04:34.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They placed an underwater mic
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.70,0:04:37.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and an overhead mic\Noutside the swimming pool.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.97,0:04:39.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We recreated the sound.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.69,0:04:42.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here's what the underwater\Nmic sounds like.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.97,0:04:44.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Underwater plunge)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.21,0:04:46.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Adding the overhead mic,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.74,0:04:48.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it sounded a bit like this:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.72,0:04:51.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Water splashes)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.11,0:04:55.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So now they took the sound\Nand pitched it one octave down,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.58,0:04:58.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sort of like slowing down a record.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.45,0:05:00.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Water splashes at lower octave)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.53,0:05:04.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then they removed\Na lot of the high frequencies.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.32,0:05:06.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Water splashes)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.62,0:05:08.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And pitched it down another octave.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.91,0:05:12.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Water splashes at lower octave)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.23,0:05:14.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then they added\Na little bit of the splash
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.76,0:05:17.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the overhead microphone.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.06,0:05:20.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Water splashes)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.25,0:05:22.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And by looping and repeating that sound,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.82,0:05:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they got this:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.03,0:05:26.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Propeller churns)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.06,0:05:36.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, creativity and technology put together\Nin order to create the illusion
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.62,0:05:39.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we're inside the submarine.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.77,0:05:43.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But once you've created your sounds
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.15,0:05:45.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you've synced them to the image,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.57,0:05:49.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you want those sounds to live\Nin the world of the story.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.30,0:05:54.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one the best ways to do that\Nis to add reverb.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.90,0:05:57.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is the first audio tool\NI want to talk about.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.10,0:06:03.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Reverberation, or reverb,\Nis the persistence of the sound
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.24,0:06:05.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after the original sound has ended.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.20,0:06:07.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's sort of like the --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.79,0:06:10.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the reflections from the materials,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.85,0:06:13.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the objects and the walls\Naround the sound.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.76,0:06:15.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Take, for example, the sound of a gunshot.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.100,0:06:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The original sound is less\Nthan half a second long.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.24,0:06:21.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Gunshot)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.65,0:06:24.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By adding reverb,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.36,0:06:27.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can make it sound like\Nit was recorded inside a bathroom.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.37,0:06:29.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Gunshot reverbs in bathroom)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.96,0:06:33.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or like it was recorded\Ninside a chapel or a church.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.79,0:06:35.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Gunshot reverbs church)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.94,0:06:37.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or in a canyon.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.40,0:06:40.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Gunshot reverbs in canyon)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.88,0:06:44.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So reverb gives us a lot of information
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.66,0:06:49.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the space between the listener\Nand the original sound source.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.62,0:06:51.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If the sound is the taste,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.75,0:06:55.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then reverb is sort of like\Nthe smell of the sound.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.31,0:06:58.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But reverb can do a lot more.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.49,0:07:02.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Listening to a sound\Nwith a lot less reverberation
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.22,0:07:04.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than the on-screen action
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.33,0:07:07.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is going to immediately signify to us
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.38,0:07:10.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we're listening to a commentator,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.04,0:07:14.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to an objective narrator that's not\Nparticipating in the on-screen action.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.27,0:07:20.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also, emotionally intimate\Nmoments in cinema
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.49,0:07:22.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are often heard with zero reverb,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.46,0:07:26.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because that's how it would sound\Nif someone was speaking inside our ear.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.82,0:07:28.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the completely other side,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.81,0:07:31.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,adding a lot of reverb to a voice
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.33,0:07:34.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is going to make us think\Nthat we're listening to a flashback,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.04,0:07:38.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or perhaps that we're inside\Nthe head of a character
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.35,0:07:41.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or that we're listening\Nto the voice of God.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.85,0:07:44.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or, even more powerful in film,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.13,0:07:45.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Morgan Freeman.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.64,0:07:46.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.95,0:07:48.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.14,0:07:50.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.90,0:07:54.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what are some other tools or hacks
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.80,0:07:56.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that sound designers use?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.59,0:07:59.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, here's a really big one.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.35,0:08:11.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think some people guessed it.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.90,0:08:12.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's silence.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.89,0:08:15.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I didn't really forget\Nthis part of the talk
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.23,0:08:16.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I sort of wanted to show
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.91,0:08:20.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that a few moments of silence\Nis going to make us pay attention.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.98,0:08:23.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in the Western world,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.44,0:08:25.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're not really used to verbal silences.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.59,0:08:28.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're considered awkward or rude.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.64,0:08:33.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So silence preceding verbal communication
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.12,0:08:36.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can create a lot of tension.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.20,0:08:39.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But imagine a really big Hollywood movie,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.93,0:08:44.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where it's full of explosions\Nand automatic guns.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.39,0:08:47.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Loud stops being loud\Nanymore, after a while.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.01,0:08:49.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in a yin-yang way,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.98,0:08:53.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,silence needs loudness\Nand loudness needs silence
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.14,0:08:55.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for either of them to have any effect.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.45,0:08:56.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what does silence mean?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.85,0:08:59.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, it depends how\Nit's used in each film.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.82,0:09:02.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Silence can place us inside\Nthe head of a character
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.02,0:09:04.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or provoke thought.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.66,0:09:07.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We often relate silences with ...
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.69,0:09:09.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,contemplation,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.66,0:09:10.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,meditation,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.28,0:09:13.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being deep in thought.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.07,0:09:17.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But apart from having one meaning,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.20,0:09:19.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,silence becomes a blank canvas
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.39,0:09:23.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,upon which the viewer is invited\Nto the paint their own thoughts.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.46,0:09:28.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I want to make it clear:\Nthere is no such thing as silence.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.69,0:09:33.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I know this sounds like the most\Npretentious TED Talk statement ever.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.15,0:09:35.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.34,0:09:39.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But even if you were to enter\Na room with zero reverberation
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.56,0:09:41.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and zero external sounds,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.65,0:09:44.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you would still be able to hear\Nthe pumping of your own blood.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.40,0:09:49.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in cinema, traditionally,\Nthere was never a silent moment
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.74,0:09:51.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of the sound of the projector.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.12,0:09:54.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And even in today's Dolby world,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.43,0:09:58.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's not really any moment of silence\Nif you listen around you.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.88,0:10:02.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's always some sort of noise.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.13,0:10:05.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, since there's no such\Nthing as silence,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.08,0:10:08.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what do filmmakers\Nand sound designers use?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.69,0:10:13.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, as a synonym,\Nthey often use ambiences.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.31,0:10:17.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ambiences are the unique background sounds
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.20,0:10:20.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are specific to each location.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.27,0:10:22.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each location has a unique sound,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.14,0:10:24.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and each room has a unique sound,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.14,0:10:25.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is called room tone.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.74,0:10:28.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here's a recording\Nof a market in Morocco.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.19,0:10:32.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Voices, music)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.57,0:10:37.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here's a recording\Nof Times Square in New York.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.94,0:10:42.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Traffic sounds, car horns, voices)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.45,0:10:47.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Believe me, it's a lot better\Nto have to listen to Times Square
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.55,0:10:49.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than to have to smell Times Square.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.65,0:10:53.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Room tone is the addition of all\Nthe noises inside the room:
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.39,0:10:55.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ventilation, the heating, the fridge.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.41,0:11:00.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's a recording\Nof my apartment in Brooklyn.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.54,0:11:05.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[You can hear the ventilation, the boiler,\Nthe fridge and street traffic]
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.48,0:11:10.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[(is that an electric toothbrush or just\Nmy neighbor having some fun?)]
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.42,0:11:14.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ambiences work in a most primal way.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.72,0:11:18.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They can speak directly\Nto our brain subconsciously.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.54,0:11:25.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, birds chirping outside your window\Nmay indicate normality,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.94,0:11:28.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,perhaps because, as a species,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.75,0:11:32.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've been used to that sound\Nevery morning for millions of years.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.36,0:11:37.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Birds chirp)
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.84,0:11:44.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the other hand, industrial sounds\Nhave been introduced to us
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.50,0:11:45.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a little more recently.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.97,0:11:49.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even though I really like\Nthem personally --
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.05,0:11:51.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they've been used by one\Nof my heroes, David Lynch,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.49,0:11:53.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and his sound designer, Alan Splet --
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.45,0:11:56.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,industrial sounds often carry\Nnegative connotations.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.03,0:11:58.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Machine noises)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.09,0:12:07.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, sound effects can tap\Ninto our emotional memory.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.07,0:12:10.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Occasionally, they can be so significant
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.45,0:12:13.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they become a character in a movie.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.26,0:12:16.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are a lot more low maintenance\Nthan some actors, as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.44,0:12:19.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example -
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.77,0:12:25.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The sound of thunder may indicate\Ndivine intervention or anger.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.07,0:12:29.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Thunder)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.16,0:12:36.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Church bells can remind us\Nof the passing of time,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.16,0:12:38.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or perhaps our own mortality.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.43,0:12:44.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Bells ring)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.37,0:12:50.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And breaking of glass can\Nindicate the end of a relationship
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.89,0:12:52.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or a friendship.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.99,0:12:54.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Glass breaks)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.39,0:12:58.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Scientists believe that dissonant sounds,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.96,0:13:03.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for example, brass or wind\Ninstruments played very loud,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.94,0:13:09.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,may remind us of animal howls in nature
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.41,0:13:12.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and therefore create a sense\Nof irritation or fear.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.01,0:13:15.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Brass and wind instruments play)
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.21,0:13:22.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So now we've spoken\Nabout on-screen sounds.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.80,0:13:27.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But occasionally, the source\Nof a sound cannot be seen.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.46,0:13:29.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's what we call offscreen sounds,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.00,0:13:31.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or "acousmatic."
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.59,0:13:36.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The term "acousmatic" comes\Nfrom Pythagoras in ancient Greece,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.64,0:13:40.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who used to teach behind\Na veil or curtain for years,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.26,0:13:43.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not revealing himself to his disciples.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.47,0:13:46.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think the mathematician\Nand philosopher thought that,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.93,0:13:48.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in that way,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.78,0:13:52.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,his students might focus\Nmore on the voice,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.84,0:13:54.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and his words and its meaning,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:54.83,0:13:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than the visual of him speaking.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.03,0:14:00.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So sort of like the Wizard of Oz,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.75,0:14:03.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or "1984's" Big Brother,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.49,0:14:06.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,separating the voice from its source,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.78,0:14:08.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,separating cause and effect
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.48,0:14:13.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sort of creates a sense\Nof ubiquity or panopticism,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:13.30,0:14:15.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and therefore, authority.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.26,0:14:19.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a strong tradition\Nof acousmatic sound.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.23,0:14:25.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nuns in monasteries in Rome and Venice\Nused to sing in rooms
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.56,0:14:29.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,up in galleries close to the ceiling,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:29.45,0:14:33.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,creating the illusion that we're listening\Nto angels up in the sky.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:34.19,0:14:37.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Richard Wagner famously\Ncreated the hidden orchestra
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.90,0:14:41.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was placed in a pit\Nbetween the stage and the audience.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:41.76,0:14:46.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one of my heroes, Aphex Twin,\Nfamously hid in dark corners of clubs.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.42,0:14:52.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think what all these masters knew\Nis that by hiding the source,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:52.19,0:14:53.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you create a sense of mystery.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.87,0:14:55.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This has been seen\Nin cinema over and over,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:55.97,0:14:58.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with Hitchcock,\Nand Ridley Scott in "Alien."
Dialogue: 0,0:14:58.17,0:15:00.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hearing a sound without knowing its source
Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.59,0:15:03.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is going to create some sort of tension.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:05.63,0:15:11.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also, it can minimize certain visual\Nrestrictions that directors have
Dialogue: 0,0:15:11.27,0:15:14.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and can show something\Nthat wasn't there during filming.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:14.98,0:15:17.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if all this sounds\Na little theoretical,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.09,0:15:18.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wanted to play a little video.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:19.49,0:15:22.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Toy squeaks)
Dialogue: 0,0:15:22.58,0:15:25.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Typewriter)
Dialogue: 0,0:15:25.96,0:15:28.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Drums)
Dialogue: 0,0:15:29.36,0:15:31.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Ping-pong)
Dialogue: 0,0:15:32.68,0:15:35.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Knives being sharpened)
Dialogue: 0,0:15:35.99,0:15:39.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Record scratches)
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.60,0:15:40.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Saw cuts)
Dialogue: 0,0:15:40.82,0:15:42.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Woman screams)
Dialogue: 0,0:15:42.85,0:15:44.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.16,0:15:50.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I'm sort of trying\Nto demonstrate with these tools
Dialogue: 0,0:15:52.43,0:15:54.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that sound is a language.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:55.02,0:15:58.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It can trick us by transporting\Nus geographically;
Dialogue: 0,0:15:59.07,0:16:00.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it can change the mood;
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.08,0:16:02.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it can set the pace;
Dialogue: 0,0:16:03.88,0:16:07.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it can make us laugh\Nor it can make us scared.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:09.10,0:16:12.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On a personal level, I fell\Nin love with that language
Dialogue: 0,0:16:12.47,0:16:13.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a few years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:13.81,0:16:18.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and somehow managed to make it\Ninto some sort of profession.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:19.67,0:16:22.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think with our work\Nthrough the sound library,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:22.92,0:16:28.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're trying to kind of expand\Nthe vocabulary of that language.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:30.20,0:16:33.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in that way, we want\Nto offer the right tools
Dialogue: 0,0:16:33.70,0:16:35.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to sound designers,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:35.37,0:16:36.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,filmmakers,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:36.74,0:16:38.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and video game and app designers,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:39.15,0:16:42.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to keep telling even better stories
Dialogue: 0,0:16:42.78,0:16:45.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and creating even more beautiful lies.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:45.54,0:16:46.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So thanks for listening.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:46.85,0:16:50.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)