1 00:00:03,787 --> 00:00:09,280 Οι άντρες ονειρεύονται τις γυναίκες Οι γυναίκες ονειρεύονται τον εαυτό τους να τις ονειρεύονται 2 00:00:09,280 --> 00:00:17,545 Οι άντρες κοιτούν τις γυναίκες Οι γυναίκες βλέπουν τον εαυτό τους να τον κοιτούν 3 00:00:48,326 --> 00:00:52,127 Οι γυναίκες διαρκώς συναντούν βλέματα που λειτουργούν σαν καθρέφτες 4 00:00:52,127 --> 00:00:56,368 υπενθυμίζοντας τους την εμφάνισή τους ή πώς αυτή θα έπρεπε να είναι. 5 00:00:56,816 --> 00:00:59,937 Πίσω από κάθε ματιά υπάρχει μια κρίση. 6 00:00:59,937 --> 00:01:06,947 Κάποιες φορές η ματιά μου συναντούν είναι η δική τους, αντανακλούμενη από έναν πραγματικό καθρέφτη. 7 00:02:21,118 --> 00:02:23,214 Μια γυναίκα πάντα συνοδεύεται, εκτός όταν 8 00:02:23,214 --> 00:02:26,209 είναι τελείως μόνη της. Και μπορεί ακόμα και τότε, από 9 00:02:26,209 --> 00:02:29,159 την εικόνα του ίδιου της του εαυτού. Καθώς περπατάει, 10 00:02:29,159 --> 00:02:32,255 διασχίζοντας ένα δωμάτιο, ή κλαίγοντας για τον θάνατο του πατέρα της 11 00:02:32,255 --> 00:02:37,332 δεν μπορεί να αποφύγει να συλλαμβάνει τον εαυτό της, να περπατάει ή να κλαίει 12 00:02:37,332 --> 00:02:43,152 από την παιδική ηλικία, διδάσκεται και πείθεται να επιθεωρεί τον εαυτό της συνεχώς 13 00:02:43,918 --> 00:02:47,301 Πρέπει να επιθεωρεί όλα όσα είναι και όλα όσα κάνει διότι 14 00:02:47,301 --> 00:02:51,642 Ο τρόπος που εμφανίζεται στους άλλους και ειδικότερα ο τρόπος που εμφανίζεται στους άντρες 15 00:02:51,642 --> 00:02:55,901 είναι ζωτικής σημασίας, καθότι 16 00:02:56,843 --> 00:03:17,082 [music] 17 00:03:17,082 --> 00:03:19,367 A woman in the culture of privileged Europeans, 18 00:03:19,367 --> 00:03:22,872 is first and foremost a sight to be looked at. 19 00:03:22,872 --> 00:03:28,429 What kind of sight is revealed in the average European oil painting 20 00:03:28,429 --> 00:03:30,488 There were portraits of women as there were portraits of men. 21 00:03:30,488 --> 00:03:33,452 but in one category of painting, women were the principle 22 00:03:33,452 --> 00:03:38,723 ever occuring subject, that category was the nude. 23 00:03:38,723 --> 00:03:43,197 In the nudes of European painting, we can discover some of the criteria 24 00:03:43,197 --> 00:03:46,153 and conventions by which women were judged. 25 00:03:46,153 --> 00:03:49,914 We can see how women were seen. 26 00:03:49,914 --> 00:03:54,256 What then is a nude? 27 00:03:57,607 --> 00:04:01,205 In his book on the nude, Kenneth Clark says that being 28 00:04:01,205 --> 00:04:05,130 naked is simply being without clothes 29 00:04:05,130 --> 00:04:10,347 the nude, according to him, is a form of art 30 00:04:10,632 --> 00:04:13,140 I would put it differently. 31 00:04:13,140 --> 00:04:15,966 To be naked is to be oneself. 32 00:04:15,966 --> 00:04:19,186 To be nude is to be seen naked by others and 33 00:04:19,186 --> 00:04:22,722 yet not recognized as oneself. A nude 34 00:04:22,722 --> 00:04:28,194 has to be seen as an object in order to be nude. 35 00:04:29,309 --> 00:04:33,078 In the European oil painting, nakedness is not taken for granted 36 00:04:33,078 --> 00:04:37,064 as in archaic art. Nakedness is a sight for those who are dressed. 37 00:04:38,984 --> 00:04:43,093 That is why Manners's painting which really marks the end of a period I am considering is so 38 00:04:43,093 --> 00:04:48,273 profound a comment on all the works that preceded it. 39 00:04:48,273 --> 00:04:54,063 the story begins with the story of Adam and Eve as told in Genesis. 40 00:04:54,063 --> 00:04:58,248 And when the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and it was a delight for the eyes, 41 00:04:58,248 --> 00:05:00,949 and that the tree was desired to make one wise 42 00:05:00,949 --> 00:05:03,658 she took of the fruit thereof and did eat 43 00:05:03,658 --> 00:05:07,195 and she gave also to her husband with her, and he did eat. 44 00:05:07,195 --> 00:05:09,656 and the eyes of them both were opened, and they 45 00:05:09,656 --> 00:05:11,528 knew that they were naked 46 00:05:11,528 --> 00:05:14,067 and the Lord God called out to the man and said 47 00:05:14,067 --> 00:05:17,542 Where art thou? and he said 48 00:05:17,542 --> 00:05:19,662 I heard thy voice in the garden, and I was afraid 49 00:05:19,662 --> 00:05:23,586 and I hid myself 50 00:05:23,586 --> 00:05:25,422 unto the woman God said, "I will greatly 51 00:05:25,422 --> 00:05:31,273 multiply thy sorrow and thy conception. In sorrow, thou shall bring forth children, 52 00:05:31,273 --> 00:05:37,442 and they desire will be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee." 53 00:05:38,958 --> 00:05:42,395 Two things are striking about this story. 54 00:05:42,395 --> 00:05:45,328 They become aware of being naked because, as a result of 55 00:05:45,328 --> 00:05:49,700 eating the apple, each sees the other differently 56 00:05:49,700 --> 00:05:54,561 nakedness is created in the mind of the beholder. 57 00:05:54,561 --> 00:05:58,447 The second striking fact is that the woman 58 00:05:58,447 --> 00:06:02,434 is blamed and is punished by being made subservient to the man 59 00:06:02,434 --> 00:06:07,904 In relationship to the woman, the man becomes the agent of God. 60 00:06:08,586 --> 00:06:13,044 In medieval art, the story is often illustrated scene following scene 61 00:06:13,044 --> 00:06:16,427 as in a strip cartoon. 62 00:06:16,427 --> 00:06:20,094 During the Renaissance, the narrative sequence disappears, and the single moment 63 00:06:20,094 --> 00:06:25,853 which is nearly always depicted, is the moment of shame. 64 00:06:25,853 --> 00:06:30,388 The couple wear fig leaves or make a modest gesture with their hands 65 00:06:30,388 --> 00:06:35,559 but now, their shame is not so much in relationship to one another as is to the spectator. 66 00:06:35,559 --> 00:06:39,940 It is the spectator looking which shames them. 67 00:06:39,940 --> 00:06:42,933 Later, as painting became more secular, 68 00:06:42,933 --> 00:06:47,075 many other subjects offer the opportunity for painting nudes. 69 00:06:47,075 --> 00:06:49,172 But always in the European tradition, the nude implies an awareness of being seen 70 00:06:49,172 --> 00:06:56,053 by the spectator. They are not 71 00:06:56,053 --> 00:06:59,784 naked as they are, they are naked as you see them. 72 00:07:09,254 --> 00:07:10,670 Often, as with the favorite subject of Suzanna and the elders, 73 00:07:12,848 --> 00:07:16,037 this is the actual theme of the picture. 74 00:07:16,037 --> 00:07:22,112 We join the elders to spy on her. 75 00:07:22,112 --> 00:07:26,957 She looks back at us looking at her. 76 00:07:26,957 --> 00:07:28,762 Sometimes the woman, Suzanna, looks at herself 77 00:07:28,762 --> 00:07:34,224 in the mirror, picturing herself as men see her. 78 00:07:34,224 --> 00:07:37,926 She sees herself first and foremost as a sight 79 00:07:37,926 --> 00:07:40,858 which means as a sight for men. 80 00:07:40,858 --> 00:07:44,805 Thus the mirror is a symbol of the vanity of women 81 00:07:44,805 --> 00:07:48,250 yet the male hypocrisy in this is blatant. 82 00:07:48,250 --> 00:07:51,755 You paint a naked women because you enjoy looking at her 83 00:07:51,755 --> 00:07:56,453 you put a mirror in her hand, and you call the painting vanity 84 00:07:56,453 --> 00:07:59,611 thus morally condemning the woman whose nakedness you have 85 00:07:59,611 --> 00:08:02,916 depictured for your own pleasure 86 00:08:02,916 --> 00:08:05,487 And thus, incidentally, repeating the biblical incident by 87 00:08:05,487 --> 00:08:08,674 blaming the woman 88 00:08:08,674 --> 00:08:12,335 The Judgement of Paris is another famous mythological subject with the same 89 00:08:12,335 --> 00:08:17,575 in written idea of looking at naked women and judging them. 90 00:08:17,575 --> 00:08:22,072 Paris awards the apple to the woman he finds most beautiful. 91 00:08:22,072 --> 00:08:26,545 Beauty in this context is bound to become competitive. 92 00:08:26,545 --> 00:08:30,081 The judgement of Paris is transformed into a beauty contest. 93 00:08:32,004 --> 00:08:34,065 Aesthetics when applied to women are not 94 00:08:34,215 --> 00:08:37,087 as disinterested as the word beauty 95 00:08:37,606 --> 00:08:40,825 might suggest 96 00:08:41,242 --> 00:08:44,269 I don't want to deny the crucial part that seeing 97 00:08:44,269 --> 00:08:48,410 plays in sexuality, but there's a great difference in being seen 98 00:08:48,410 --> 00:08:51,475 as oneself naked or being seen by another in that way 99 00:08:51,475 --> 00:08:53,882 and a body being put on display 100 00:08:54,300 --> 00:08:58,612 To be naked, is to be without disguise. 101 00:08:58,612 --> 00:09:02,374 To be on display, is to have the surface of one's own skin, 102 00:09:02,374 --> 00:09:04,470 the hairs of one's own body 103 00:09:04,470 --> 00:09:06,560 turned into a disguise. 104 00:09:06,560 --> 00:09:10,515 A disguise which cannot be discarded. 105 00:09:10,515 --> 00:09:12,922 Amongst the tens of thousands of European oil paintings 106 00:09:12,922 --> 00:09:17,427 of nudes, there are perhaps 20 or 30 exceptions, paintings in which the 107 00:09:17,427 --> 00:09:21,476 artist has seen the woman revealed as herself. 108 00:09:22,922 --> 00:09:25,274 this Rubens 109 00:09:26,335 --> 00:09:29,585 this Rembrant 110 00:09:31,186 --> 00:09:35,336 this George De La Tour 111 00:09:35,336 --> 00:09:37,905 These paintings are as personal as love poems 112 00:09:37,905 --> 00:09:41,836 and their character is quite distinctive 113 00:09:41,836 --> 00:09:44,430 Most nudes oil paintings have been lined up 114 00:09:44,430 --> 00:09:46,821 by their painters for the pleasure of the 115 00:09:46,821 --> 00:09:49,546 male spectator only 116 00:09:49,546 --> 00:09:51,094 who will assess and judge them 117 00:09:51,094 --> 00:09:53,662 as sights 118 00:09:53,662 --> 00:09:56,435 Their nudity is another form of dress 119 00:09:56,435 --> 00:09:59,770 They are condemned to never being naked 120 00:09:59,770 --> 00:10:02,114 with their clothes off, they are as formal 121 00:10:02,114 --> 00:10:06,048 as with their clothes on 122 00:10:06,048 --> 00:10:10,164 Those who are not judged beautiful, are not beautiful. 123 00:10:10,164 --> 00:10:13,995 Those who are, are given the prize. 124 00:10:13,995 --> 00:10:16,077 The prize is to be owned. 125 00:10:16,077 --> 00:10:19,072 That is to say, to be available. 126 00:10:19,398 --> 00:10:21,774 Charles II commissioned this secret painting 127 00:10:21,774 --> 00:10:24,962 from Lale. It's like hundreds of others, 128 00:10:24,962 --> 00:10:27,239 it might be Venus and Cupid, but 129 00:10:27,239 --> 00:10:31,061 in fact, it was a portrait of one of his mistresses Nell Gwen. 130 00:10:31,061 --> 00:10:33,933 He chose her passively looking at the 131 00:10:33,933 --> 00:10:37,725 spectator staring at her naked. 132 00:10:37,725 --> 00:10:41,742 Her nakedness is not an expression of her own feelings 133 00:10:41,742 --> 00:10:46,510 it is only a sign of her submission to his demand 134 00:10:46,510 --> 00:10:49,939 The painting, when he shows it to others, 135 00:10:49,939 --> 00:10:54,226 demonstrates this submission. His guests envy him. 136 00:10:54,226 --> 00:10:58,692 By contrast, in another tradition, nakedness is a celebration of 137 00:10:58,692 --> 00:11:02,522 active sexual love as between two people, 138 00:11:02,522 --> 00:11:05,572 the woman as active as the man 139 00:11:05,572 --> 00:11:10,487 the actions of each absorb the other. 140 00:11:10,487 --> 00:11:13,453 In oil painting, the second person or the second 141 00:11:13,453 --> 00:11:18,212 person who matters it the person looking at the painting. 142 00:11:18,212 --> 00:11:22,870 Compare these two women. 143 00:11:22,870 --> 00:11:26,176 One the model for what is considered a masterpiece by Eng 144 00:11:26,176 --> 00:11:30,587 and the other an ill paid model for a photograph in a girly magazine 145 00:11:30,587 --> 00:11:35,472 Or these two 146 00:11:35,472 --> 00:11:37,050 just the expresssion, the look, 147 00:11:37,050 --> 00:11:40,974 what do you see? 148 00:11:40,974 --> 00:11:42,684 It seems to me that in each pair, the expression 149 00:11:42,684 --> 00:11:45,541 is remarkably similar, and it is an 150 00:11:45,541 --> 00:11:48,249 expression of responding with remarkable charm 151 00:11:48,249 --> 00:11:51,399 to the man who she knows is looking at her 152 00:11:51,399 --> 00:11:54,487 although she doesn't know him 153 00:11:54,487 --> 00:11:56,027 It is true that sometimes a painting includes 154 00:11:56,027 --> 00:11:59,534 a male lover, but the woman's attention is very rarely 155 00:11:59,534 --> 00:12:03,140 directed towards him. She looks away from him 156 00:12:03,140 --> 00:12:06,910 or she looks out of the picture towards he who 157 00:12:06,910 --> 00:12:11,862 considers himself her true lover, the spectator-owner 158 00:12:11,862 --> 00:12:16,326 this painting was sent as a present from the Grand Duke of Florence to the King of France 159 00:12:16,326 --> 00:12:18,843 The boy kneeling on the cushion and kissing 160 00:12:18,843 --> 00:12:20,958 is Cupid the woman is Venus 161 00:12:20,958 --> 00:12:22,955 But the way her body is arranged has nothing to do with 162 00:12:22,955 --> 00:12:27,683 that kissing. Her body is arranged the way it is to display it 163 00:12:27,683 --> 00:12:30,734 to the man looking at the picture 164 00:12:30,734 --> 00:12:34,399 the picture is made to appeal to his sexuality 165 00:12:34,399 --> 00:12:37,330 it has nothing to do with her sexuality 166 00:12:37,330 --> 00:12:41,475 The convention of not painting the hair on a woman's body helps towards the same end. 167 00:12:41,475 --> 00:12:44,174 Hair is associated with sexual power, with passion. 168 00:12:44,174 --> 00:12:46,554 The woman's sexual passion, needs to be 169 00:12:46,554 --> 00:12:49,613 minimized, so that the spectator feels 170 00:12:49,613 --> 00:12:52,887 that he has the monopoly of such passion. 171 00:12:52,887 --> 00:12:54,819 There were paintings which depicted 172 00:12:54,819 --> 00:12:56,394 male lovers. These did exist. 173 00:12:56,394 --> 00:12:59,484 But they were mostly private, semi-pornographic 174 00:12:59,484 --> 00:13:02,566 pictures. In most paintings, which were painted to be seen 175 00:13:02,566 --> 00:13:06,168 rather than hidden, the only rival to the male 176 00:13:06,168 --> 00:13:08,899 spectator is a cupid. 177 00:13:08,899 --> 00:13:11,536 Now, how extraordinary it is that the 178 00:13:11,536 --> 00:13:14,786 pictorial symbol of passion is a small boy. 179 00:13:14,786 --> 00:13:19,928 For a similar reason, women in the European art of the oil painting are seldom seen dancing. 180 00:13:19,928 --> 00:13:25,520 They have to be shown languid, exhibiting a minimum of energy. 181 00:13:25,520 --> 00:13:29,449 They are there to feed an appetite, not to have any of their own. 182 00:13:32,509 --> 00:13:34,823 The appetite was theoretically gargantuan. 183 00:13:38,172 --> 00:13:41,202 The absurdity of this male flattery, although it was not seen as absurd then 184 00:13:43,502 --> 00:13:47,560 reached its peak in the public academic art of the 19th C 185 00:13:48,506 --> 00:13:50,822 prime ministers discussed under paintings like this 186 00:13:50,822 --> 00:13:57,419 when one of him felt he had been outwitted, he looked up for consolation 187 00:13:57,419 --> 00:13:59,314 the nude in European oil painting 188 00:13:59,314 --> 00:14:02,883 is usually presented as an ideal subject 189 00:14:02,883 --> 00:14:05,868 it is said to be an expression of the European humanist spirit 190 00:14:05,868 --> 00:14:10,245 I don't want to reject entirely the truth of this, 191 00:14:10,245 --> 00:14:11,691 but I have tried to add to it 192 00:14:11,691 --> 00:14:14,717 starting off from a different viewpoint. 193 00:14:14,717 --> 00:14:17,480 Duer who believed in the ideal nude 194 00:14:18,557 --> 00:14:21,616 thought that this ideal could be constructed 195 00:14:21,616 --> 00:14:24,092 by taking the shoulders from one body 196 00:14:24,092 --> 00:14:26,112 the hands of another, the breasts of another, 197 00:14:26,112 --> 00:14:28,588 and so on 198 00:14:28,588 --> 00:14:30,936 Was this humanist idealism? 199 00:14:30,936 --> 00:14:33,252 Or was it the result of the indifference 200 00:14:33,252 --> 00:14:36,957 to who any one person really was? 201 00:14:38,038 --> 00:14:39,420 Do these paintings celebrate 202 00:14:39,420 --> 00:14:40,705 as we're normally taught 203 00:14:40,705 --> 00:14:42,766 the women within them? 204 00:14:42,766 --> 00:14:45,753 or the male voyeur? 205 00:14:45,753 --> 00:14:49,875 Is there sexuality within the frame? 206 00:14:49,875 --> 00:14:52,477 or in front of it? 207 00:14:52,477 --> 00:14:56,527 I showed the program, as you have seen it, up to now, to five women. 208 00:14:56,527 --> 00:14:59,451 It began to seem absurd that the only images 209 00:14:59,451 --> 00:15:01,446 that you are seeing are of women 210 00:15:01,446 --> 00:15:03,146 silent, mute 211 00:15:03,146 --> 00:15:05,143 So, I showed it to them and asked them to comment. 212 00:15:05,143 --> 00:15:06,940 To comment not so much on the program 213 00:15:06,940 --> 00:15:09,320 but rather on the questions raised by it 214 00:15:09,320 --> 00:15:12,178 Above all, on the question of how men see women 215 00:15:12,178 --> 00:15:13,720 or how they have seen them in the past. 216 00:15:13,720 --> 00:15:16,364 And how this influences the way women see 217 00:15:16,364 --> 00:15:18,353 themselves today. 218 00:15:18,353 --> 00:15:19,223 We have an image, of 219 00:15:19,223 --> 00:15:20,923 Of course, we all have an image of ourselves 220 00:15:20,923 --> 00:15:24,662 and it is a visual image, but I wonder how 221 00:15:24,662 --> 00:15:28,902 much this sort of classical European painting 222 00:15:28,902 --> 00:15:30,538 has shaped that image. 223 00:15:30,538 --> 00:15:33,146 In my own case, I find it quite impossible when I 224 00:15:33,146 --> 00:15:36,777 look at the paintings you show, in your film, I can't 225 00:15:36,777 --> 00:15:39,156 take them seriously, I cannot identify with them 226 00:15:39,156 --> 00:15:41,503 because they are so immensely exaggerated. 227 00:15:41,503 --> 00:15:44,331 Always, you know, they fasten onto some secondary 228 00:15:44,331 --> 00:15:48,318 sexual characteristic, these enormous breasts, 229 00:15:48,318 --> 00:15:53,428 these beasting bottoms, those huge things like that 230 00:15:53,428 --> 00:15:56,062 and they just aren't real. Whereas with 231 00:15:56,062 --> 00:15:58,449 photographs, you can feel that as potentially, possibly 232 00:16:00,377 --> 00:16:11,117 although it probably isn't. Many of these paintings you show are idealized. 233 00:16:11,117 --> 00:16:15,167 Um, and therefore, they are to me very unreal. 234 00:16:15,167 --> 00:16:20,373 in connection with any deep down image that I might have of myself 235 00:16:20,373 --> 00:16:21,818 or in connection with any deep down 236 00:16:21,818 --> 00:16:23,911 pleasure I might have 237 00:16:23,911 --> 00:16:26,642 when looking at another female body 238 00:16:26,642 --> 00:16:29,980 they don't give me that pleasure at all 239 00:16:29,980 --> 00:16:33,134 I can admire then as paintings 240 00:16:34,076 --> 00:16:36,614 but they don't mean human beings to me 241 00:16:36,614 --> 00:16:38,283 the image that I compare myself to 242 00:16:38,283 --> 00:16:40,154 is the photograph because it is with photographs 243 00:16:40,154 --> 00:16:42,692 that I have been encouraged to think of myself 244 00:16:42,692 --> 00:16:45,040 in this way, it is essentially advertising to me 245 00:16:45,040 --> 00:16:49,216 that has made me think of myself in this way 246 00:16:49,216 --> 00:16:50,534 and consequently, I find it extremely interesting to go 247 00:16:50,534 --> 00:16:53,171 back and think of nudes in this way because 248 00:16:53,171 --> 00:16:55,326 I have never done so, but having seen the film 249 00:16:55,326 --> 00:16:57,866 I have no doubt that the same thing applies. 250 00:16:57,866 --> 00:17:01,882 And do you find the nudes in painting unreal 251 00:17:01,882 --> 00:17:04,846 in the same way? yes. 252 00:17:04,846 --> 00:17:08,439 Well, you can't get any information from it, 253 00:17:08,439 --> 00:17:12,688 can you ? there's no guide to how you might-- 254 00:17:12,688 --> 00:17:13,454 what information is lacking? 255 00:17:13,454 --> 00:17:19,085 well, activity. Dynamism. it is how 256 00:17:19,085 --> 00:17:20,593 someone sees you and that's all, 257 00:17:20,593 --> 00:17:23,166 it is laid upon you. 258 00:17:23,166 --> 00:17:25,259 I'm glad you showed the men in picture 259 00:17:25,259 --> 00:17:28,245 because I always find this extremely shocking 260 00:17:28,245 --> 00:17:32,398 the men are dressed and the women are naked 261 00:17:32,398 --> 00:17:35,097 and this seems to sum up the entire situation 262 00:17:35,097 --> 00:17:39,529 because these women as well being humiliated 263 00:17:39,529 --> 00:17:40,752 and I think this is part of the whole 264 00:17:40,752 --> 00:17:42,356 scheme of things 265 00:17:42,356 --> 00:17:44,129 as most people have had, at some station 266 00:17:44,129 --> 00:17:49,209 in life, nightmares about running through the streets with nothing on 267 00:17:50,229 --> 00:17:51,905 while everyone else is dressed. And this seems 268 00:17:51,905 --> 00:17:52,991 to me to be one element in the picture. 269 00:17:52,991 --> 00:17:55,338 One very interesting thing you said in the film was 270 00:17:55,338 --> 00:18:01,026 about how nudity was really a kind of disguise, 271 00:18:01,026 --> 00:18:03,827 it wasn't the real person themselves free. 272 00:18:03,827 --> 00:18:07,135 But it was just another garment they were wearing 273 00:18:07,135 --> 00:18:09,035 and worse than a garment, in a sense, because 274 00:18:09,035 --> 00:18:11,023 it was something that you can't take off. 275 00:18:11,023 --> 00:18:13,211 This comes, I think, from 276 00:18:13,211 --> 00:18:16,878 nudity being combined with a pose. And that's 277 00:18:16,878 --> 00:18:18,610 inevitable if you're going to have a painting 278 00:18:18,610 --> 00:18:25,718 of a model. Um, in a way, I think that 279 00:18:25,718 --> 00:18:28,617 we're always dressing. We're always dressing up 280 00:18:28,617 --> 00:18:31,350 for a part. Always putting on a uniform of one kind of another 281 00:18:31,350 --> 00:18:33,280 and I think women do this more than men 282 00:18:34,048 --> 00:18:38,288 men have only been doing it fairly recently. 283 00:18:38,288 --> 00:18:41,668 Women are always dressing to show the kind of 284 00:18:41,668 --> 00:18:45,172 character that they want to present: the mother, the working 285 00:18:45,172 --> 00:18:48,775 woman, the pretty young chick. And nudity 286 00:18:48,775 --> 00:18:53,724 is a uniform, in a way, for I'm ready 287 00:18:53,724 --> 00:18:57,356 for sexual pleasure. So, it doesn't. You can't 288 00:18:59,423 --> 00:19:04,925 identify being nude with being free. 289 00:19:04,925 --> 00:19:06,245 Only just recently read that book 290 00:19:06,245 --> 00:19:10,388 which describes a way in which a woman 291 00:19:10,388 --> 00:19:14,022 is reduced to the sexual pleasure she can 292 00:19:14,022 --> 00:19:17,560 to a complete object provide to a man. And what struck me in all that book 293 00:19:18,671 --> 00:19:21,626 that was the most impressive image is the fact that she was told 294 00:19:21,626 --> 00:19:24,941 that she was never to touch her own breasts to 295 00:19:24,941 --> 00:19:29,221 close her own mouth or to put her legs 296 00:19:29,221 --> 00:19:32,304 together. So, the whole point about her stance 297 00:19:32,304 --> 00:19:33,430 all the time is that she was available 298 00:19:33,430 --> 00:19:38,254 and this sense of being available of waiting 299 00:19:38,254 --> 00:19:41,824 for other people is the very antithesis of action 300 00:19:41,824 --> 00:19:46,097 and you know just like the Brook Street 301 00:19:46,097 --> 00:19:47,807 Bureau advertisement, Tony hasn't run. He's 302 00:19:47,807 --> 00:19:49,971 three minutes late in ringing. You feel this whole 303 00:19:49,971 --> 00:19:53,030 situation, the number of women you talk to who 304 00:19:53,030 --> 00:19:57,343 say I stay in so many night a week, waiting for someone to ring 305 00:19:57,343 --> 00:19:59,958 the concept of availability implies 306 00:19:59,958 --> 00:20:02,941 passivity because if you're simply waiting for someone else to act 307 00:20:04,143 --> 00:20:06,501 then you can't help yourself. 308 00:20:06,546 --> 00:20:09,254 yes, it's like you will awake when a man touches 309 00:20:09,663 --> 00:20:14,710 you when a man kisses you. Whether its an excuse, 310 00:20:14,710 --> 00:20:17,954 to get yourself going, I think women are shy 311 00:20:21,905 --> 00:20:25,339 they are waiting too long. 312 00:20:25,603 --> 00:20:26,889 yes, yes. 313 00:20:27,112 --> 00:20:29,131 Could I say something now about narcissism? 314 00:20:29,131 --> 00:20:32,031 I think that both men and women are narcissistic 315 00:20:32,031 --> 00:20:35,178 but in different senses, and I think 316 00:20:35,178 --> 00:20:38,811 that one in sometimes I have the impression 317 00:20:38,811 --> 00:20:41,702 that men and women are tremendously 318 00:20:41,702 --> 00:20:44,252 narcissistic and are cut off from each other 319 00:20:44,252 --> 00:20:46,558 from their images of themselves. But 320 00:20:46,558 --> 00:20:49,840 whereas a woman's image of herself is derived 321 00:20:50,526 --> 00:20:53,553 directly from other people, the mirror you're talking about 322 00:20:53,553 --> 00:20:56,985 a man's image of himself is derived from 323 00:20:56,985 --> 00:21:00,534 the world that is its the world that gives him back 324 00:21:00,534 --> 00:21:08,757 his image because he acts in it. and the women are drawn to him as a source, as central activity, 325 00:21:08,757 --> 00:21:11,072 and as a source of worth 326 00:21:11,924 --> 00:21:13,754 since he is in the world, the fact 327 00:21:13,754 --> 00:21:17,650 that he values her is important 328 00:21:17,650 --> 00:21:21,212 and so because their centers of narcissism are different, 329 00:21:21,212 --> 00:21:23,943 and the woman's is essentially only 330 00:21:23,943 --> 00:21:27,322 related to the other person 331 00:21:27,322 --> 00:21:28,648 she is in a much more passive position than he is 332 00:21:28,648 --> 00:21:30,052 in relation to it 333 00:21:30,052 --> 00:21:32,915 yes 334 00:21:32,915 --> 00:21:35,188 do you see narcissism as essentially a negative 335 00:21:36,932 --> 00:21:40,530 or positive phenomenon? 336 00:21:40,530 --> 00:21:44,259 well, i think that is very difficult to answer 337 00:21:44,259 --> 00:21:48,118 but in the sense that it is related to 338 00:21:48,118 --> 00:21:50,657 an identity, um, it is a positive phenomenon 339 00:21:50,657 --> 00:21:53,521 and it seems to me that what women envy in men in that 340 00:21:53,521 --> 00:21:54,993 they have a sense of their 341 00:21:54,993 --> 00:21:56,702 own identity 342 00:21:56,702 --> 00:21:58,023 that there is something in them 343 00:21:58,023 --> 00:22:00,136 that is important to them other than 344 00:22:00,136 --> 00:22:02,267 simply what other people think of them 345 00:22:02,267 --> 00:22:03,833 and I think that thing 346 00:22:03,833 --> 00:22:07,594 is product of their interaction in the world 347 00:22:07,594 --> 00:22:12,099 and it is almost as if through this interaction 348 00:22:12,099 --> 00:22:15,701 they build up a store of worth 349 00:22:15,701 --> 00:22:17,625 of their sense of themselves 350 00:22:17,625 --> 00:22:20,643 which is a constant 351 00:22:20,643 --> 00:22:22,417 it cannot be lost 352 00:22:22,417 --> 00:22:24,055 and because a woman doesn't go out 353 00:22:24,055 --> 00:22:25,245 and do that 354 00:22:25,245 --> 00:22:26,660 she doesn't create a store 355 00:22:26,660 --> 00:22:30,136 she waits for the present interaction with a man 356 00:22:30,136 --> 00:22:32,512 that can go, that can end at any moment 357 00:22:38,120 --> 00:22:41,568 there is something here that really 358 00:22:43,501 --> 00:22:45,581 I would like to push around a little bit 359 00:22:45,721 --> 00:22:48,736 because narcissism is a very pronounced 360 00:22:48,736 --> 00:22:52,976 way of stating a relationship with the world 361 00:22:52,976 --> 00:22:55,834 whether it is a man or a woman 362 00:22:55,834 --> 00:22:59,851 but this other question which is contained 363 00:22:59,851 --> 00:23:05,930 within it, but doesn't go as far as it as an idea 364 00:23:05,930 --> 00:23:10,563 is this sort of self delight of a person 365 00:23:10,563 --> 00:23:11,390 whether or it is a man or woman 366 00:23:12,884 --> 00:23:14,752 in life, in what they're doing 367 00:23:14,752 --> 00:23:19,800 in relationships with a man or woman 368 00:23:21,703 --> 00:23:27,271 and it is a thing that matters tremendously 369 00:23:27,271 --> 00:23:30,259 and its not only a thing that is an inner thing 370 00:23:30,259 --> 00:23:32,031 by which you life 371 00:23:32,031 --> 00:23:34,177 but it is a very outer thing 372 00:23:34,177 --> 00:23:38,875 by which you gain relationships with 373 00:23:38,875 --> 00:23:40,192 your own context in the world 374 00:23:40,581 --> 00:23:43,831 that you can't gain any other way 375 00:23:43,831 --> 00:23:47,264 its when you've somehow been made 376 00:23:47,264 --> 00:23:49,868 so unconscious of yourself that 377 00:23:49,868 --> 00:23:53,086 you easily, naturally,sort of 378 00:23:53,086 --> 00:23:58,548 compulsively go out to whatever is around you 379 00:23:58,548 --> 00:24:01,639 now, when you're a child that tends 380 00:24:01,639 --> 00:24:05,657 with people to be other things 381 00:24:05,657 --> 00:24:06,943 doesn't it? 382 00:24:06,943 --> 00:24:11,351 mountains, streams, whereever you go 383 00:24:11,351 --> 00:24:17,493 and then only gradually as you go on 384 00:24:17,493 --> 00:24:25,877 you make this kind of absolutely necessary contact with people 385 00:24:25,877 --> 00:24:30,926 but I do think that the sort of essense 386 00:24:30,926 --> 00:24:35,749 of self delight as a kind of possible thing 387 00:24:35,749 --> 00:24:38,225 in the modern world and something 388 00:24:38,225 --> 00:24:41,434 that fewer women have than men and want and must have 389 00:24:42,662 --> 00:24:46,747 is the power, the compulsion, not the power 390 00:24:46,747 --> 00:24:51,853 the compulsion to make contact with the world 391 00:24:51,853 --> 00:24:53,409 as you are living in it 392 00:24:53,409 --> 00:24:54,489 and when I'm saying that I don't 393 00:24:54,489 --> 00:24:57,580 simply mean the people next door 394 00:24:57,580 --> 00:25:00,344 I mean what is going on 395 00:25:00,344 --> 00:25:02,279 yes 396 00:25:02,279 --> 00:25:04,168 I am not so sure about the delight 397 00:25:04,168 --> 00:25:06,264 I think it is a very double edged thing 398 00:25:06,264 --> 00:25:07,798 I know 399 00:25:07,798 --> 00:25:09,921 as I suppose I've always known 400 00:25:09,921 --> 00:25:11,397 that I became aware of it in this film 401 00:25:11,397 --> 00:25:13,968 I've never consciously looked at myself in 402 00:25:13,968 --> 00:25:16,741 the mirror and seen myself as I am 403 00:25:16,741 --> 00:25:18,505 I always see the image that I want 404 00:25:18,505 --> 00:25:20,206 I know that I want to 405 00:25:20,206 --> 00:25:21,626 and my children notice it that if I make up 406 00:25:21,626 --> 00:25:23,365 my face I put on a certain expression 407 00:25:23,365 --> 00:25:27,152 if I , from adolescence on, if I have seen myself 408 00:25:27,152 --> 00:25:28,891 naked in the mirror, I have not thought of 409 00:25:28,891 --> 00:25:31,385 myself naked, I have thought of myself as a nude 410 00:25:31,385 --> 00:25:34,642 and I think this comes from having been trolled 411 00:25:34,642 --> 00:25:37,084 around all the major art galleries 412 00:25:37,084 --> 00:25:40,687 in essence, this is culture, this is beauty 413 00:25:40,687 --> 00:25:42,100 with a capital B 414 00:25:42,100 --> 00:25:44,127 and, of course, up to a point from advertising too 415 00:25:44,127 --> 00:25:46,437 but much more from the painting 416 00:25:46,437 --> 00:25:51,286 um, that you think the female body is beautiful 417 00:25:51,286 --> 00:25:53,402 I am a beautiful object, if not, I have to do 418 00:25:53,402 --> 00:25:55,176 something about it 419 00:25:55,176 --> 00:25:57,164 um, and therefore, the painful part 420 00:25:57,164 --> 00:26:00,351 of a narcissistic society is the feeling of inadequacy 421 00:26:00,351 --> 00:26:03,337 this business of always posing in a mirror 422 00:26:03,337 --> 00:26:08,651 I think one does absolutely automatically 423 00:26:08,651 --> 00:26:11,379 and if you actually catch yourself 424 00:26:11,379 --> 00:26:15,108 in a mirror by chance that is not deliberately 425 00:26:15,108 --> 00:26:18,158 because you're getting dressed or having a bath 426 00:26:18,158 --> 00:26:21,090 there's one in the street, or you catch yourself 427 00:26:21,090 --> 00:26:23,174 in a shop window, it's a tremendous shock 428 00:26:23,174 --> 00:26:25,850 because you suddenly see yourself as you are 429 00:26:25,850 --> 00:26:27,902 which is windblown, untidy, badly dressed 430 00:26:27,902 --> 00:26:30,443 tired, and so on 431 00:26:30,443 --> 00:26:31,859 you don't see the person 432 00:26:31,859 --> 00:26:34,110 at all, and I think this is what happens to women 433 00:26:34,110 --> 00:26:35,874 they are always trying to measure 434 00:26:35,874 --> 00:26:39,642 up to this erotic image that is projected. 435 00:26:39,642 --> 00:26:42,566 There are some paintings 436 00:26:42,566 --> 00:26:45,423 and I'm thinking at this moment of one painting 437 00:26:45,423 --> 00:26:47,293 where there is a woman 438 00:26:47,293 --> 00:26:48,803 who is wearing a garment 439 00:26:48,803 --> 00:26:52,077 she is not nude 440 00:26:52,142 --> 00:26:54,240 but it is a garment so loose, so comfortable 441 00:26:54,240 --> 00:26:57,096 so easy, and its my idea, very much 442 00:26:57,096 --> 00:27:02,757 of what a picture of a woman might be like 443 00:27:02,757 --> 00:27:06,582 I think its from a period before yours, 444 00:27:06,582 --> 00:27:08,898 it's so long ago by Lorenzetti 445 00:27:08,898 --> 00:27:12,404 it's a fresco, very very old 446 00:27:12,404 --> 00:27:14,743 and it is a picture of a woman 447 00:27:14,743 --> 00:27:16,646 who is suppossed to represent peace 448 00:27:16,646 --> 00:27:18,318 it's quite extraordinary 449 00:27:18,318 --> 00:27:20,280 she could be one of the liberated 450 00:27:20,280 --> 00:27:22,690 or trying to be liberated young women 451 00:27:22,690 --> 00:27:25,708 of today. she is at ease, she is relaxed 452 00:27:25,708 --> 00:27:29,123 she is not playing the part at all 453 00:27:29,123 --> 00:27:31,920 she is able to combine 454 00:27:31,920 --> 00:27:34,774 pleasure with thought 455 00:27:34,774 --> 00:27:36,898 and with dreaming 456 00:27:36,898 --> 00:27:38,695 and she is, she might spring into action 457 00:27:38,695 --> 00:27:40,011 at any moment 458 00:27:40,011 --> 00:27:41,969 and for me 459 00:27:41,969 --> 00:27:43,937 she has much, much more to do 460 00:27:43,937 --> 00:27:49,107 with nakedness, with oneself, with the 461 00:27:49,107 --> 00:27:53,644 truth of oneself than any other nudes I have seen 462 00:27:54,122 --> 00:27:58,340 [music]