1 00:00:01,012 --> 00:00:04,191 Well, I was born with a rare visual condition 2 00:00:04,191 --> 00:00:07,904 called achromatopsia, which is total color blindness, 3 00:00:07,904 --> 00:00:09,774 so I've never seen color, 4 00:00:09,774 --> 00:00:12,297 and I don't know what color looks like, 5 00:00:12,297 --> 00:00:15,272 because I come from a grayscale world. 6 00:00:15,272 --> 00:00:17,932 To me, the sky is always gray, 7 00:00:17,932 --> 00:00:19,784 flowers are always gray, 8 00:00:19,784 --> 00:00:21,986 and television is still in black and white. 9 00:00:21,986 --> 00:00:24,279 But, since the age of 21, 10 00:00:24,279 --> 00:00:28,408 instead of seeing color, I can hear color. 11 00:00:28,408 --> 00:00:31,384 In 2003, I started a project 12 00:00:31,384 --> 00:00:34,072 with computer scientist Adam Montandon, 13 00:00:34,072 --> 00:00:37,239 and the result, with further collaborations 14 00:00:37,239 --> 00:00:40,087 with Peter Kese from Slovenia 15 00:00:40,087 --> 00:00:42,120 and Matias Lizana from Barcelona, 16 00:00:42,120 --> 00:00:44,485 is this electronic eye. 17 00:00:44,485 --> 00:00:46,841 It's a color sensor that detects 18 00:00:46,841 --> 00:00:50,424 the color frequency in front of me — (Frequency sounds) — 19 00:00:50,424 --> 00:00:52,776 and sends this frequency to a chip installed 20 00:00:52,776 --> 00:00:55,767 at the back of my head, and I hear the color in front of me 21 00:00:55,767 --> 00:00:58,663 through the bone, through bone conduction. 22 00:00:58,663 --> 00:01:02,171 (Frequency sounds) So, for example, if I have, like — 23 00:01:05,724 --> 00:01:08,691 This is the sound of purple. (Frequency sounds) 24 00:01:08,691 --> 00:01:16,109 For example, this is the sound of grass. (Frequency sounds) 25 00:01:16,109 --> 00:01:18,234 This is red, like TED. (Frequency sounds) 26 00:01:18,234 --> 00:01:22,603 This is the sound of a dirty sock. (Laughter) 27 00:01:22,603 --> 00:01:24,480 Which is like yellow, this one. 28 00:01:24,480 --> 00:01:28,537 So I've been hearing color all the time for eight years, 29 00:01:28,537 --> 00:01:31,172 since 2004, so I find it completely normal now 30 00:01:31,172 --> 00:01:33,651 to hear color all the time. 31 00:01:33,651 --> 00:01:38,025 At the start, though, I had to memorize the names you give 32 00:01:38,025 --> 00:01:40,431 for each color, so I had to memorize the notes, 33 00:01:40,431 --> 00:01:42,367 but after some time, all this information 34 00:01:42,367 --> 00:01:44,360 became a perception. 35 00:01:44,360 --> 00:01:46,119 I didn't have to think about the notes. 36 00:01:46,119 --> 00:01:48,744 And after some time, this perception became a feeling. 37 00:01:48,744 --> 00:01:50,750 I started to have favorite colors, 38 00:01:50,750 --> 00:01:52,524 and I started to dream in colors. 39 00:01:52,524 --> 00:01:56,799 So, when I started to dream in color is when I felt 40 00:01:56,799 --> 00:01:59,686 that the software and my brain had united, 41 00:01:59,686 --> 00:02:02,642 because in my dreams, it was my brain creating 42 00:02:02,642 --> 00:02:05,003 electronic sounds. It wasn't the software, 43 00:02:05,003 --> 00:02:08,522 so that's when I started to feel like a cyborg. 44 00:02:08,522 --> 00:02:11,572 It's when I started to feel that the cybernetic device 45 00:02:11,572 --> 00:02:13,762 was no longer a device. 46 00:02:13,762 --> 00:02:16,177 It had become a part of my body, 47 00:02:16,177 --> 00:02:18,642 an extension of my senses, 48 00:02:18,642 --> 00:02:21,268 and after some time, it even became a part 49 00:02:21,268 --> 00:02:24,795 of my official image. 50 00:02:24,795 --> 00:02:27,141 This is my passport from 2004. 51 00:02:27,141 --> 00:02:30,226 You're not allowed to appear on U.K. passports 52 00:02:30,226 --> 00:02:33,038 with electronic equipment, but I insisted 53 00:02:33,038 --> 00:02:35,439 to the passport office that what they were seeing 54 00:02:35,439 --> 00:02:37,943 was actually a new part of my body, 55 00:02:37,943 --> 00:02:41,463 an extension of my brain, and they finally accepted me 56 00:02:41,463 --> 00:02:43,974 to appear with the passport photo. 57 00:02:43,974 --> 00:02:47,431 So, life has changed dramatically since I hear color, 58 00:02:47,431 --> 00:02:50,025 because color is almost everywhere, 59 00:02:50,025 --> 00:02:52,902 so the biggest change for example is 60 00:02:52,902 --> 00:02:57,440 going to an art gallery, I can listen to a Picasso, 61 00:02:57,440 --> 00:03:00,294 for example. So it's like I'm going to a concert hall, 62 00:03:00,294 --> 00:03:02,505 because I can listen to the paintings. 63 00:03:02,505 --> 00:03:04,966 And supermarkets, I find this is very shocking, 64 00:03:04,966 --> 00:03:07,916 it's very, very attractive to walk along a supermarket. 65 00:03:07,916 --> 00:03:09,404 It's like going to a nightclub. 66 00:03:09,404 --> 00:03:12,660 It's full of different melodies. (Laughter) Yeah. 67 00:03:12,660 --> 00:03:14,735 Especially the aisle with cleaning products. 68 00:03:14,735 --> 00:03:18,086 It's just fabulous. (Laughter) 69 00:03:18,086 --> 00:03:20,558 Also, the way I dress has changed. 70 00:03:20,558 --> 00:03:22,966 Before, I used to dress in a way that it looked good. 71 00:03:22,966 --> 00:03:27,543 Now I dress in a way that it sounds good. (Laughter) 72 00:03:27,543 --> 00:03:32,674 (Applause) 73 00:03:32,674 --> 00:03:35,183 So today I'm dressed in C major, 74 00:03:35,183 --> 00:03:38,492 so it's quite a happy chord. (Laughter) 75 00:03:38,492 --> 00:03:40,366 If I had to go to a funeral, though, 76 00:03:40,366 --> 00:03:42,933 I would dress in B minor, which would be 77 00:03:42,933 --> 00:03:51,692 turquoise, purple and orange. (Laughter) 78 00:03:51,692 --> 00:03:56,037 Also, food, the way I look at food has changed, 79 00:03:56,037 --> 00:03:59,493 because now I can display the food on a plate, 80 00:03:59,493 --> 00:04:02,445 so I can eat my favorite song. (Laughter) 81 00:04:02,445 --> 00:04:03,674 So depending on how I display it, 82 00:04:03,674 --> 00:04:06,424 I can hear and I can compose music with food. 83 00:04:06,424 --> 00:04:09,149 So imagine a restaurant where we can have, like, 84 00:04:09,149 --> 00:04:12,133 Lady Gaga salads as starters. (Laughter) I mean, 85 00:04:12,133 --> 00:04:15,150 this would get teenagers to eat their vegetables, probably. 86 00:04:15,150 --> 00:04:18,589 And also, some Rachmaninov piano concertos 87 00:04:18,589 --> 00:04:21,823 as main dishes, and some Bjork or Madonna desserts, 88 00:04:21,823 --> 00:04:24,932 that would be a very exciting restaurant 89 00:04:24,932 --> 00:04:27,692 where you can actually eat songs. 90 00:04:27,692 --> 00:04:32,142 Also, the way I perceive beauty has changed, 91 00:04:32,142 --> 00:04:36,822 because when I look at someone, I hear their face, 92 00:04:36,822 --> 00:04:41,824 so someone might look very beautiful but sound terrible. 93 00:04:41,824 --> 00:04:43,585 (Laughter) And it might happen the opposite, 94 00:04:43,585 --> 00:04:45,833 the other way around. So I really enjoy creating, like, 95 00:04:45,833 --> 00:04:47,562 sound portraits of people. 96 00:04:47,562 --> 00:04:51,202 Instead of drawing someone's face, like drawing the shape, 97 00:04:51,202 --> 00:04:53,633 I point at them with the eye and I write down 98 00:04:53,633 --> 00:04:56,904 the different notes I hear, and then I create sound portraits. 99 00:04:56,904 --> 00:04:58,641 Here's some faces. 100 00:04:58,641 --> 00:05:13,168 (Musical chords) 101 00:05:13,168 --> 00:05:16,601 Yeah, Nicole Kidman sounds good. (Laughter) 102 00:05:16,601 --> 00:05:19,650 Some people, I would never relate, but they sound similar. 103 00:05:19,650 --> 00:05:22,448 Prince Charles has some similarities with Nicole Kidman. 104 00:05:22,448 --> 00:05:24,585 They have similar sound of eyes. 105 00:05:24,585 --> 00:05:26,633 So you relate people that you wouldn't relate, 106 00:05:26,633 --> 00:05:30,146 and you can actually also create concerts 107 00:05:30,146 --> 00:05:32,786 by looking at the audience faces. 108 00:05:32,786 --> 00:05:35,882 So I connect the eye, and then I play the audience's faces. 109 00:05:35,882 --> 00:05:37,386 The good thing about this is, 110 00:05:37,386 --> 00:05:40,353 if the concert doesn't sound good, it's their fault. 111 00:05:40,353 --> 00:05:42,624 It's not my fault, because — (Laughter) 112 00:05:42,624 --> 00:05:46,931 And so another thing that happens is that 113 00:05:46,931 --> 00:05:49,808 I started having this secondary effect 114 00:05:49,808 --> 00:05:53,138 that normal sounds started to become color. 115 00:05:53,138 --> 00:05:56,899 I heard a telephone tone, and it felt green 116 00:05:56,899 --> 00:05:59,225 because it sounded just like the color green. 117 00:05:59,225 --> 00:06:02,523 The BBC beeps, they sound turquoise, 118 00:06:02,523 --> 00:06:05,650 and listening to Mozart became a yellow experience, 119 00:06:05,650 --> 00:06:10,410 so I started to paint music and paint people's voices, 120 00:06:10,410 --> 00:06:12,353 because people's voices have frequencies 121 00:06:12,353 --> 00:06:13,896 that I relate to color. 122 00:06:13,896 --> 00:06:19,015 And here's some music translated into color. 123 00:06:19,015 --> 00:06:24,215 For example, Mozart, "Queen of the Night," looks like this. 124 00:06:24,215 --> 00:06:26,027 (Music) Very yellow and very colorful, 125 00:06:26,027 --> 00:06:28,217 because there's many different frequencies. 126 00:06:28,217 --> 00:06:31,127 (Music) 127 00:06:32,143 --> 00:06:34,457 And this is a completely different song. 128 00:06:34,457 --> 00:06:38,388 (Music) It's Justin Bieber's "Baby." (Laughter) 129 00:06:38,388 --> 00:06:40,119 (Music) 130 00:06:40,119 --> 00:06:43,689 It is very pink and very yellow. 131 00:06:43,689 --> 00:06:50,856 So, also voices, I can transform speeches into color, 132 00:06:50,856 --> 00:06:54,400 for example, these are two very well-known speeches. 133 00:06:54,400 --> 00:06:58,137 One of them is Martin Luther King's "I Have A Dream," 134 00:06:58,137 --> 00:06:59,589 and the other one is Hitler. 135 00:06:59,589 --> 00:07:03,065 And I like to exhibit these paintings in the exhibition halls 136 00:07:03,065 --> 00:07:05,641 without labels, and then I ask people, 137 00:07:05,641 --> 00:07:07,488 "Which one do you prefer?" 138 00:07:07,488 --> 00:07:09,753 And most people change their preference 139 00:07:09,753 --> 00:07:12,664 when I tell them that the one on the left is Hitler 140 00:07:12,664 --> 00:07:15,784 and the one on the right is Martin Luther King. 141 00:07:15,784 --> 00:07:21,523 So I got to a point when I was able to perceive 360 colors, 142 00:07:21,523 --> 00:07:23,108 just like human vision. 143 00:07:23,108 --> 00:07:26,703 I was able to differentiate all the degrees of the color wheel. 144 00:07:26,703 --> 00:07:28,785 But then, I just thought that 145 00:07:28,785 --> 00:07:32,024 this human vision wasn't good enough. 146 00:07:32,024 --> 00:07:34,235 There's many, many more colors around us 147 00:07:34,235 --> 00:07:36,072 that we cannot perceive, 148 00:07:36,072 --> 00:07:37,828 but that electronic eyes can perceive. 149 00:07:37,828 --> 00:07:41,557 So I decided to continue extending my color senses, 150 00:07:41,557 --> 00:07:45,807 and I added infrared and I added ultraviolet 151 00:07:45,807 --> 00:07:49,165 to the color-to-sound scale, so now I can hear colors 152 00:07:49,165 --> 00:07:51,389 that the human eye cannot perceive. 153 00:07:51,389 --> 00:07:54,836 For example, perceiving infrared is good because you can 154 00:07:54,836 --> 00:07:58,904 actually detect if there's movement detectors in a room. 155 00:07:58,904 --> 00:08:02,357 I can hear if someone points at me with a remote control. 156 00:08:02,357 --> 00:08:05,507 And the good thing about perceiving ultraviolet is that 157 00:08:05,507 --> 00:08:10,472 you can hear if it's a good day or a bad day to sunbathe, 158 00:08:10,472 --> 00:08:12,629 because ultraviolet is a dangerous color, 159 00:08:12,629 --> 00:08:16,613 a color that can actually kill us, so I think we should all have this wish 160 00:08:16,613 --> 00:08:19,574 to perceive things that we cannot perceive. 161 00:08:19,574 --> 00:08:21,309 That's why, two years ago, 162 00:08:21,309 --> 00:08:22,990 I created the Cyborg Foundation, 163 00:08:22,990 --> 00:08:25,432 which is a foundation that tries to help people 164 00:08:25,432 --> 00:08:28,129 become a cyborg, tries to encourage people 165 00:08:28,129 --> 00:08:29,506 to extend their senses 166 00:08:29,506 --> 00:08:32,577 by using technology as part of the body. 167 00:08:32,577 --> 00:08:36,480 We should all think that knowledge comes from our senses, 168 00:08:36,480 --> 00:08:38,456 so if we extend our senses, 169 00:08:38,456 --> 00:08:41,544 we will consequently extend our knowledge. 170 00:08:41,544 --> 00:08:44,337 I think life will be much more exciting 171 00:08:44,337 --> 00:08:47,561 when we stop creating applications for mobile phones 172 00:08:47,561 --> 00:08:50,962 and we start creating applications for our own body. 173 00:08:50,962 --> 00:08:52,778 I think this will be a big, big change 174 00:08:52,778 --> 00:08:54,856 that we will see during this century. 175 00:08:54,856 --> 00:08:58,771 So I do encourage you all to think about which senses 176 00:08:58,771 --> 00:09:00,190 you'd like to extend. 177 00:09:00,190 --> 00:09:03,363 I would encourage you to become a cyborg. 178 00:09:03,363 --> 00:09:08,011 You won't be alone. Thank you. (Applause) 179 00:09:08,011 --> 00:09:14,531 (Applause)