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今時今日，有四千萬個美國人

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孭住一筆讀書債投身社會

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佢哋屋企窮，要借錢讀大學

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而家夾埋嘅債務有成一兆美金咁多

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呢班畢業生乜嘢工都要試

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為求還得清自己筆債

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喺美國

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連一個破咗產嘅爛賭二都翻身有望

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但完全唔使指意

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一個畢業生可以還清筆債

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以前响美國

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讀大學唔等於要負債纍纍咁畢業

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我朋友阿 Paul

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佢爸爸喺科羅拉多州立大學畢業

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當年有退伍軍人法保障

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嗰個年代

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大學學費全免，又或者近乎零

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因為政府覺得大專學歷對社會有益

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但好景不常

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輪到阿 Paul 喺同一間大學畢業嗰陣

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英文系畢業嘅佢，要做住兼職嚟還債

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卅年前

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多數人都畀得起大學學費

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你爭落嘅錢，畢業之前就可以還晒

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但好景不常

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輪到阿 Paul 個囡同樣步佢後塵

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唯一唔同嘅係

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五年前佢畢業嗰陣

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孭住成身債

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阿 Kate 同埋其他大學生都要借錢

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因為大學學費經已貴到

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好多美國家庭都負擔唔起

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咁又點啫？

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借筆錢嚟投資一個貴價學位

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只要第日還到錢，就唔成問題啦

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有大學學歷，起碼有得賺多啲嘛

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但問題嘅癥結就响呢度

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連一個 2001 年畢業嘅人所賺嘅錢

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比起 2013 年畢業嘅 Kate

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仲要多出 10%

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所以…

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學費飆升

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津貼少咗

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家庭收入又縮咗水

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個人收入微薄

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唔怪得有多過四分一嘅畢業生

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連要還債都還唔到

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不過，最壞嘅時刻亦係最好嘅時刻

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因為啲事實就攞喺响你面前，唔理唔得

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今日我想講其中三個事實

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1.2 兆美金嘅學債

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明顯反映咗

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大學教育經已淪為一種消費品

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我哋講起教育就好似班資本家咁

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將教育當係投資，愛嚟增強人力資本

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訓練啲人出嚟做嘢

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愛嚟將啲學生按等級分類

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等啲僱主請人嗰陣容易啲

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《美國新聞與世界報導》
公布大學排名嘅方式

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十足啲消費報告評估啲洗衣機咁款

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份報告用詞粗暴到極

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叫啲老師做「服務提供者」

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叫啲學生做「消費者」

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社會學呀，莎士比亞呀
足球同埋科學呀

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呢啲冚唪唥叫做「服務內容」

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學業借貸好好賺

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不過賺嗰個唔會係你

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你嘅債務甚至養肥咗
成個學生借貸行業

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呢個行頭其中兩條巨龍

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Sallie Mae 同埋 Navient

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公布上年總盈利一共有 12 億美金

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學生貸款正正同樓宇按揭一樣

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可以係捆綁式、套餐式同拆件式

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响華爾街出售

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啲大專院校

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投資呢啲證券貸款嘅時候

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頭尾賺兩轉

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首先賺你筆學費

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跟住賺你啲息口

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睇見盤生意咁好賺

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大家仲會奇怪嗰啲高等教育辦學團體

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點解會用啲失實嘅宣傳手段

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嚟推銷利誘

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藉教育嚟剝削緊乜都唔知嘅學生嗎？

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第三：

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學位經已淪為品牌

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當年我有個老師寫話：

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「當學生變成一班消費者，

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佢哋就會喺度盲追學位，鬥生鬥死。」

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正如蘋果不斷向人推銷新款 iPhone

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做教育嘅亦可以不斷向人推銷學位

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昨日嘅中學，變成今日嘅大學

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一早有人咁講過

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但點解要停喺呢一步？

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大學可以不斷招攬人讀文憑，讀完再讀

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再讀碩士學位、博士學位

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佢哋仲推銷專上教育係地位嘅象徵

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買學位

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同你買架凌志、買個 LV 一樣

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係買嚟抬高身價

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靠佢，你可以招人妒忌

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學位已經淪為品牌

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但係呢啲真相成日畀一片叫賣聲掩埋

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日日硬係有班政客

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喺個公仔箱度同我哋講：

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「大學學位好重要，

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有佢先可以扶搖直上、做到中產。」

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通常理據就係專上學歷競爭力高：

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大專畢業比起高中畢業平均賺多 56%

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我哋再細心啲解讀個數字

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因為驟眼睇

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個數字好似喺度推翻緊嗰啲

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「大學畢業做收銀沖咖啡」
之類嘅新聞咁

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响 100 個有專上學歷嘅人裏面

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45 個冇順利畢業

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原因好多，財政困難係其一

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嗰 55 個順利畢業嘅人

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有兩個冇嘢做

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有 18 個搵唔到長工

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雖然大學畢業生搵得多過中學畢業生

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但究竟佢哋夠唔夠填嗰筆巨債

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同埋你讀書嗰陣冇咗嘅搵錢機會呢？

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依家連經濟學家都承認

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只有順利畢到業嘅大學生先還得哂


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而純粹係因為中學畢業生嘅薪水


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幾廿年嚟大幅縮水

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咁多年嚟

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有高中學歷嘅人

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付出同收入唔成正比

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若果佢哋可以賺返佢哋應得嘅水平

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咁讀大學對好多人嚟講肯定係蝕大本

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大學畢業生薪水嘅溢價

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我睇都係靠高中畢業生倒貼而嚟

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有三份二嘅大學畢業生發現
工作未如理想

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佢哋唔睇好前景

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或者直情覺得前途暗淡

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而正正係佢哋要去承受

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學債帶嚟嘅沉重負擔

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最心悒嘅係，正正係佢哋

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畀人最落力用學位升值呢個理由氹落搭

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咁嘅銷售伎倆，自私自利不特止

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仲係麻木不仁

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咁我哋做啲乜嘢好？

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如果學生同家長都當學位係商品呢？

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個個似乎都咁睇

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買任何商品嗰陣

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你會要人哋清楚交代件貨嘅詳情

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你去買藥

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佢會寫明有咩副作用

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你買件大學商品嗰陣

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佢需要有張警告標籤

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畀消費者有權揀

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知情下做決定

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你去買車

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佢會話你知每加侖預計跑到幾多里

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但冇人會預計到讀完大學

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譬如讀完科「加拿大研究」前景會係點

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真係有呢個學系㗎

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假如有個應用程式可以話個前景我哋知？

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計吓個學費同預期人工係咪成正比

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暫且叫個應用程式做 
Income-Based Tuition 或者 IBT 啦

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係你哋其中一個人設計而嚟

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（笑聲）

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正視返你嘅前途問題

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（笑聲）

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IBT 呢個應用程式有三個好處

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用戶可以知道

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讀完某某大學同埋學系，人工會係幾多

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用家有咗呢啲資訊

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就冇咁易

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畀啲無良推銷員氹得掂

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同時可以揀得明智啲

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到時仲邊有人會交一筆

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高過預期人工 15% 嘅學費出嚟呢?

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IBT 有第二個好處

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透過顯示學費同薪金嘅關係

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大學管理層必須要運用新思維

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去妥善釐訂學費

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譬如

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大部份嘅學生不論學系，學費劃一

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呢個制度明顯好唔公平，需要改革

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工程系嘅學生通常用到嘅資源

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譬如設施、實驗室、教職員呢啲

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會多過哲學系嘅學生

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但呢班哲學生

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變相資助緊班工程系學生

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第時人工高一截嘅工程系學生

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點解要兩個人買嘅貨一樣

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畀嘅錢一樣

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但其中一個淨係享用到
一半甚或三份一呢？

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事實上，某啲學系嘅畢業生

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拎緊人工嘅 25% 嚟還債

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但另一啲拎 5% 就得

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咁學科收費合理啲就會消除呢啲不公平

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當然啦，而家呢堆資料…

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我諗在座會有人走去搞㗎可？

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呢堆資料要有人整理好

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譬如交畀會計公司做審計

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避免畀啲統計數字呃

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統計大家都識㗎可？

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除咗正話兩個好處

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第三個，而且係 IBT 最大嘅好處

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就係令美國人唔使驚再陷入財困

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唔使再驚買咗件爛貨返嚟

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或者某個時刻

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新舊兩代嘅美國人重新發現

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正如頭先嗰位講者所講

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對知識嘅追求同熱愛

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開始學啲想學嘅嘢

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鍾意自己學緊嘅嘢，隨心而行

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深受知識所啟發

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去探索自己渴望探索嘅事物

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望返轉頭，其實係阿 Eric 同 Kevin

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兩年前

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正正係呢一班後生仔

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佢哋鼓勵我，同我共事

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到到而家

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依然落力研究緊美國呢個學生貸款問題

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好多謝大家！

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（鼓掌）