[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.84,0:00:05.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the past several days, I heard people talking about China.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.45,0:00:09.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And also, I talked to friends about China and Chinese Internet.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.40,0:00:11.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Something is very challenging to me.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.87,0:00:14.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to make my friends understand:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.93,0:00:18.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,China is complicated.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.50,0:00:20.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I always want to tell the story, like,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.59,0:00:24.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one hand it is that, the other hand is that.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.05,0:00:26.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can't just tell a one sided story.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.83,0:00:30.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll give an example. China is a BRIC country.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.01,0:00:35.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,BRIC country means Brazil, Russia, India and China.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.42,0:00:41.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This emerging economy really is helping the revival of the world economy.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.25,0:00:44.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But at the same time, on the other hand,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.42,0:00:47.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,China is a SICK country,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.32,0:00:53.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the terminology coined by Facebook IPO papers -- file.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.28,0:00:59.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said the SICK country means Syria, Iran, China and North Korea.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.56,0:01:04.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The four countries have no access to Facebook.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.24,0:01:08.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So basically, China is a SICK BRIC country.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.36,0:01:09.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.35,0:01:11.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another project was built up
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.25,0:01:14.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to watch China and Chinese Internet.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.09,0:01:17.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now, today I want to tell you my personal
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.47,0:01:22.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,observation in the past several years, from that wall.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.71,0:01:26.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, if you are a fan of the Game of Thrones,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.27,0:01:31.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you definitely know how important a big wall is for an old kingdom.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.25,0:01:36.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It prevents weird things from the north.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.13,0:01:39.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Same was true for China.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.32,0:01:42.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the north, there was a great wall, Chang Cheng.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.88,0:01:48.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It protected China from invaders for 2,000 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.26,0:01:52.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But China also has a great firewall.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.32,0:01:56.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the biggest digital boundary in the whole world.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.65,0:02:00.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not only to defend the Chinese regime from overseas,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.97,0:02:04.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the universal values, but also to prevent
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.68,0:02:08.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,China's own citizens to access the global free Internet,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.35,0:02:13.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and even separate themselves into blocks, not united.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.64,0:02:17.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, basically the "Internet" has two Internets.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.78,0:02:21.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One is the Internet, the other is the Chinanet.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.78,0:02:25.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if you think the Chinanet is something
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.57,0:02:32.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like a deadland, wasteland, I think it's wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.09,0:02:37.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we also use a very simple metaphor, the cat and the mouse game,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.83,0:02:40.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to describe in the past 15 years
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.85,0:02:44.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the continuing fight between Chinese
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.25,0:02:47.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,censorship, government censorship, the cat,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.53,0:02:53.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the Chinese Internet users. That means us, the mouse.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.68,0:02:57.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But sometimes this kind of a metaphor is too simple.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.88,0:03:03.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So today I want to upgrade it to 2.0 version.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.31,0:03:07.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In China, we have 500 million Internet users.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.07,0:03:11.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the biggest population of Netizens, Internet users, in the whole world.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.93,0:03:17.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So even though China's is a totally censored Internet,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.44,0:03:21.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but still, Chinese Internet society is really booming.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.03,0:03:23.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How to make it? It's simple.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.74,0:03:26.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have Google, we have Baidu.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.44,0:03:29.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have Twitter, we have Weibo.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.56,0:03:32.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have Facebook, we have Renren.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.58,0:03:37.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have YouTube, we have Youku and Tudou.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.92,0:03:42.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Chinese government blocked every
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.45,0:03:46.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,single international Web 2.0 service,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.16,0:03:48.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we Chinese copycat every one.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.97,0:03:50.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.37,0:03:54.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, that's the kind of the thing I call smart censorship.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.98,0:03:58.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's not only to censor you.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.55,0:04:03.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes this Chinese national Internet policy is very simple:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.15,0:04:05.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Block and clone.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.54,0:04:10.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the one hand, he wants to satisfy people's need of a social network,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.64,0:04:13.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is very important; people really love social networking.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.92,0:04:16.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But on the other hand, they want to keep the server
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.74,0:04:21.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Beijing so they can access the data any time they want.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.27,0:04:25.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's also the reason Google was pulled out from China,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.52,0:04:27.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they can't accept the fact
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.33,0:04:32.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that Chinese government wants to keep the server.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.13,0:04:37.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes the Arab dictators didn't understand these two hands.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.56,0:04:41.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, Mubarak, he shut down the Internet.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.31,0:04:44.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He wanted to prevent the Netizens [from criticizing] him.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.42,0:04:50.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But once Netizens can't go online, they go in the street.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.11,0:04:53.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now the result is very simple.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.39,0:04:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We all know Mubarak is technically dead.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.00,0:05:03.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But also, Ben Ali, Tunisian president,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.52,0:05:05.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,didn't follow the second rule.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.44,0:05:09.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That means keep the server in your hands.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.39,0:05:15.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He allowed Facebook, a U.S.-based service,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.24,0:05:18.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to continue to stay on inside of Tunisia.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.64,0:05:22.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So he can't prevent it, his own citizens to post
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.21,0:05:24.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,critical videos against his corruption.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.86,0:05:28.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The same thing happend. He was the first
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.91,0:05:31.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to topple during the Arab Spring.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.93,0:05:37.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But those two very smart international censorship policies
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.08,0:05:43.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,didn't prevent Chinese social media [from] becoming a really public sphere,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.42,0:05:49.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a pathway of public opinion and the nightmare of Chinese officials.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.09,0:05:53.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because we have 300 million microbloggers in China.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.62,0:05:57.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the entire population of the United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.45,0:06:01.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when these 300 million people, microbloggers,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.32,0:06:06.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even they block the tweet in our censored platform.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.08,0:06:10.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But itself -- the Chinanet -- but itself can create
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.07,0:06:14.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very powerful energy, which has never happened
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.16,0:06:15.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the Chinese history.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.82,0:06:20.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,2011, in July, two [unclear] trains crashed,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.52,0:06:22.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Wenzhou, a southern city.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.77,0:06:24.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right after the train crash,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.40,0:06:29.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,authorities literally wanted to cover up the train, bury the train.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.41,0:06:31.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it angered the Chinese Netizens.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.63,0:06:34.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first five days after the train crash,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.69,0:06:38.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there were 10 million criticisms of the posting
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.84,0:06:42.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on social media, which never happened in Chinese history.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.59,0:06:45.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And later this year, the rail minister
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.92,0:06:51.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was sacked and sentenced to jail for 10 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.38,0:06:56.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And also, recently, very funny debate between
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.43,0:06:59.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Beijing Environment Ministry
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.72,0:07:03.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the American Embassy in Beijing
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.09,0:07:05.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the Ministry blamed
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.56,0:07:07.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the American Embassy for intervening in
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.70,0:07:11.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chinese internal politics by disclosing
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.13,0:07:13.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the air quality data of Beijing.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.82,0:07:20.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, the up is the Embassy data, the PM 2.5.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.70,0:07:26.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He showed 148, they showed it's dangerous for the sensitive group.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.65,0:07:30.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So a suggestion, it's not good to go outside.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.45,0:07:36.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that is the Ministry's data. He shows 50.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.07,0:07:39.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He says it's good. It's good to go outside.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.43,0:07:42.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But 99 percent of Chinese microbloggers
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.97,0:07:46.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stand firmly on the Embassy's side.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.73,0:07:51.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I live in Beijing. Every day, I just watch
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.40,0:08:00.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the American Embassy's data to decide whether I should open my window.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.13,0:08:04.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why is Chinese social networking, even within the censorship,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.42,0:08:08.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so booming? Part of the reason is Chinese languages.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.67,0:08:12.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, Twitter and Twitter clones have a kind of
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.34,0:08:14.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a limitation of 140 characters.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.80,0:08:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in English it's 20 words or a sentence with a short link.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.00,0:08:22.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe in Germany, in German language, it may be just "Aha!"
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.25,0:08:24.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.79,0:08:30.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in Chinese language, it's really about 140 characters,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.53,0:08:33.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,means a paragraph, a story.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.21,0:08:37.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can almost have all the journalistic elements there.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.44,0:08:41.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, this is Hamlet, of Shakespeare.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.13,0:08:44.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the same content. One, you can see exactly
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.92,0:08:51.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one Chinese tweet is equal to 3.5 English tweets.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.44,0:08:54.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chinese is always cheating, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.69,0:08:58.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So because of this, the Chinese really regard this
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.61,0:09:03.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,microblogging as a media, not only a headline to media.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.69,0:09:07.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And also, the clone, Sina company is
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.40,0:09:09.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the guy who cloned Twitter.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.48,0:09:11.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It even has its own name, with Weibo.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.91,0:09:14.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Weibo" is the Chinese translation for "microblog".
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.34,0:09:16.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It has its own innovation.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.24,0:09:19.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the commenting area, [it makes] the Chinese Weibo
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.88,0:09:23.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more like Facebook, rather than the original Twitter.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.62,0:09:28.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So these innovations and clones, as the Weibo and microblogging,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.04,0:09:30.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it came to China in 2009,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.36,0:09:34.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it immediately became a media platform itself.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.38,0:09:38.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It became the media platform of 300 million readers.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.58,0:09:40.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It became the media.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.48,0:09:42.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anything not mentioned in Weibo,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.90,0:09:48.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it does not appear to exist for the Chinese public.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.19,0:09:50.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But also, Chinese social media is
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.62,0:09:55.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really changing Chinese mindsets and Chinese life.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.02,0:09:58.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, they give the voiceless people
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.51,0:10:01.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a channel to make your voice heard.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.26,0:10:06.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We had a petition system. It's a remedy outside the judicial system,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.70,0:10:09.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the Chinese central government wants to keep a myth:
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.78,0:10:14.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The emperor is good. The old local officials are thugs.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.41,0:10:17.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's why the petitioner, the victims, the peasants,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.80,0:10:21.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,want to take the train to Beijing to petition to the central government,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.43,0:10:24.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they want the emperor to settle the problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.22,0:10:27.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when more and more people go to Beijing,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.06,0:10:30.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they also cause the risk of a revolution.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.59,0:10:33.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they send them back in recent years.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.46,0:10:37.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And even some of them were put into black jails.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.02,0:10:40.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But now we have Weibo, so I call it the Weibo petition.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.63,0:10:43.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People just use their cell phones to tweet.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.46,0:10:47.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So your sad stories, by some chance your story
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.04,0:10:50.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will be picked up by reporters, professors or celebrities.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.68,0:10:52.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of them is Yao Chen,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.60,0:10:55.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she is the most popular microblogger in China,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.98,0:10:59.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who has about 21 million followers.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.84,0:11:03.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're almost like a national TV station.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.47,0:11:06.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you -- so a sad story will be picked up by her.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.80,0:11:11.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this Weibo social media, even in the censorship,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.25,0:11:16.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,still gave the Chinese a real chance for 300 million people
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.99,0:11:20.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every day chatting together, talking together.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.31,0:11:23.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's like a big TED, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.22,0:11:27.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But also, it is like the first time a public sphere
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.07,0:11:28.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,happened in China.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.77,0:11:31.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chinese people start to learn how to negotiate
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.99,0:11:35.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and talk to people.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.17,0:11:38.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But also, the cat, the censorship, is not sleeping.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.88,0:11:43.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's so hard to post some sensitive words on the Chinese Weibo.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.12,0:11:46.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, you can't post the name of the president,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.33,0:11:51.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hu Jintao, and also you can't post the city of Chongqing, the name,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.91,0:11:56.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and until recently, you can't search the surname of top leaders.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.64,0:12:00.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, the Chinese are very good at these puns
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.97,0:12:04.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and alternative wording and even memes.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.65,0:12:06.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They even name themselves -- you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.89,0:12:09.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,use the name of this world-changing
Dialogue: 0,0:12:09.39,0:12:13.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,battle between the grass-mud horse and the river crab.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.36,0:12:15.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The grass-mud horse is caoníma,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.37,0:12:18.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the phonogram for motherfucker,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.32,0:12:24.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Netizens call themselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.54,0:12:27.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,River crab is héxiè, is the phonogram for
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.15,0:12:30.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,harmonization, for censorship.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:30.05,0:12:35.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's kind of a caoníma versus the héxiè, that's very good.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.17,0:12:41.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, when some very political, exciting moments happened,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.14,0:12:46.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can see on Weibo, you see a lot of very weird stories happened.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.72,0:12:51.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Weird phrases and words, even if you have a PhD
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.56,0:12:55.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Chinese language, you can't understand them.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.02,0:12:57.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you can't even expand more, no, because
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.85,0:13:00.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chinese Sina Weibo, when it was founded
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.77,0:13:05.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was exactly one month after the official blocking of Twitter.com.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.91,0:13:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That means from the very beginning,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.00,0:13:12.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Weibo has already convinced the Chinese government,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.19,0:13:14.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we will not become the stage for
Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.94,0:13:17.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,any kind of a threat to the regime.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.53,0:13:19.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, anything you want to post,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.73,0:13:22.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like "get together" or "meet up" or "walk,"
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.62,0:13:26.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is automatically recorded and data mined
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.82,0:13:33.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and reported to a poll for further political analyzing.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.35,0:13:35.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even if you want to have some gathering,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.35,0:13:39.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before you go there, the police are already waiting for you.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.03,0:13:40.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why? Because they have the data.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.83,0:13:43.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have everything in their hands.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.03,0:13:49.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they can use the 1984 scenario data mining of the dissident.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.25,0:13:52.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the crackdown is very serious.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.85,0:13:55.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I want you to notice a very funny thing
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.39,0:13:58.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,during the process of the cat-and-mouse.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.28,0:14:02.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The cat is the censorship, but Chinese is not only one cat,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.50,0:14:06.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also has local cats. Central cat and local cats.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.13,0:14:08.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.06,0:14:11.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, the server is in the [central] cats' hands,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.13,0:14:15.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so even that -- when the Netizens criticize the local government,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:15.75,0:14:20.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the local government has not any access to the data in Beijing.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.39,0:14:22.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Without bribing the central cats,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.28,0:14:25.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he can do nothing, only apologize.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.70,0:14:28.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So these three years, in the past three years,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.43,0:14:31.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,social movements about microblogging
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.08,0:14:33.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really changed local government,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:33.44,0:14:35.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,became more and more transparent,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.70,0:14:38.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they can't access the data.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:38.54,0:14:42.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The server is in Beijing.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.16,0:14:43.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The story about the train crash,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.63,0:14:46.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe the question is not about why 10 million
Dialogue: 0,0:14:46.83,0:14:51.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,criticisms in five days, but why the Chinese central government
Dialogue: 0,0:14:51.08,0:14:54.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,allowed the five days of freedom of speech online.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.30,0:14:56.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's never happened before.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:56.21,0:14:59.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so it's very simple, because even the top leaders
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.66,0:15:03.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were fed up with this guy, this independent kingdom.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:03.18,0:15:04.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they want an excuse --
Dialogue: 0,0:15:04.86,0:15:08.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,public opinion is a very good excuse to punish him.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.31,0:15:11.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But also, the Bo Xilai case recently, very big news,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:11.28,0:15:12.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he's a princeling.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:12.61,0:15:16.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But from February to April this year,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:16.73,0:15:19.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Weibo really became a marketplace of rumors.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:19.44,0:15:22.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can almost joke everything about these princelings,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:22.77,0:15:26.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everything! It's almost like you're living in the United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:26.17,0:15:30.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if you dare to retweet or mention any fake coup
Dialogue: 0,0:15:30.82,0:15:34.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about Beijing, you definitely will be arrested.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:34.76,0:15:40.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this kind of freedom is a targeted and precise window.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:40.69,0:15:44.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Chinese in China, censorship is normal.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:44.56,0:15:47.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Something you find is, freedom is weird.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.30,0:15:49.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Something will happen behind it.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:49.07,0:15:52.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because he was a very popular Leftist leader,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:52.22,0:15:54.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so the central government wanted to purge him,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.43,0:15:58.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he was very cute, he convinced all the Chinese people,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:58.51,0:16:00.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why he is so bad.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:00.34,0:16:04.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Weibo, the 300 million public sphere,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:04.12,0:16:08.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,became a very good, convenient tool for a political fight.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:08.63,0:16:10.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this technology is very new,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:10.79,0:16:12.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but technically is very old.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:12.45,0:16:15.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was made famous by Chairman Mao, Mao Zedong,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:15.38,0:16:18.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because he mobilized millions of Chinese people
Dialogue: 0,0:16:18.28,0:16:22.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the Cultural Revolution to destroy every local government.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:22.36,0:16:25.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's very simple, because Chinese central government
Dialogue: 0,0:16:25.23,0:16:27.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doesn't need to even lead the public opinion.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:27.36,0:16:31.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They just give them a target window to not censor people.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:31.90,0:16:37.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not censoring in China has become a political tool.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:37.80,0:16:41.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's the update about this game, cat-and-mouse.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:41.78,0:16:43.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Social media changed Chinese mindset.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:43.94,0:16:47.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,More and more Chinese intend to embrace freedom of speech
Dialogue: 0,0:16:47.46,0:16:49.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and human rights as their birthright,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:49.62,0:16:53.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not some imported American privilege.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:53.24,0:16:56.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But also, it gave the Chinese a national public sphere
Dialogue: 0,0:16:56.95,0:17:01.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for people to, it's like a training of their citizenship,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:01.28,0:17:03.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,preparing for future democracy.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:03.85,0:17:06.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it didn't change the Chinese political system,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:06.31,0:17:09.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also the Chinese central government utilized this
Dialogue: 0,0:17:09.55,0:17:13.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,centralized server structure to strengthen its power
Dialogue: 0,0:17:13.49,0:17:17.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to counter the local government and the different factions.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:17.98,0:17:20.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, what's the future?
Dialogue: 0,0:17:20.76,0:17:22.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After all, we are the mouse.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:22.94,0:17:26.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whatever the future is, we should fight against the [cat].
Dialogue: 0,0:17:26.74,0:17:30.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is not only in China, but also in the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:17:30.73,0:17:35.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are some very small, cute but bad cats.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:35.56,0:17:37.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:17:37.20,0:17:43.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,SOPA, PIPA, ACTA, TPP and ITU.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:43.94,0:17:49.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And also, like Facebook and Google, they claim they are friends of the mouse,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:49.30,0:17:53.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but sometimes we see them dating the cats.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:53.48,0:17:56.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So my conclusion is very simple.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:56.67,0:17:59.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We Chinese fight for our freedom,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:59.51,0:18:03.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you just watch your bad cats.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:03.11,0:18:06.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Don't let them hook [up] with the Chinese cats.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:06.01,0:18:08.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Only in this way, in the future,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:08.85,0:18:12.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we will achieve the dreams of the mouse:
Dialogue: 0,0:18:12.10,0:18:16.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we can tweet anytime, anywhere, without fear.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:16.08,0:18:23.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:18:23.44,0:18:25.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:25.12,0:18:29.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)