1 00:00:01,510 --> 00:00:04,480 Let me expand on that just a little. 2 00:00:05,579 --> 00:00:10,991 Let me make the distinction here between a question and a quiz – 3 00:00:10,991 --> 00:00:13,509 because it's very important. 4 00:00:17,676 --> 00:00:21,779 Now, if I'm walking, as I do, on the streets of Boston -- 5 00:00:21,779 --> 00:00:23,600 (I don't own a car.) 6 00:00:23,600 --> 00:00:26,463 – and a car comes up along side, and somebody sticks his head 7 00:00:26,463 --> 00:00:29,606 out the window and says, "Hey, Mister," or whatever, 8 00:00:29,606 --> 00:00:32,582 "can you tell us how to get to Newbury Street?" 9 00:00:32,582 --> 00:00:36,840 or "Copley Square," or wherever it happens to be, 10 00:00:36,840 --> 00:00:39,771 that's a question. They don't know. 11 00:00:39,771 --> 00:00:43,730 They want to know. They think I know. 12 00:00:43,730 --> 00:00:48,265 So they ask me a question, hoping to get from me the right answer -- 13 00:00:48,265 --> 00:00:51,345 which they don't have. 14 00:00:51,345 --> 00:00:58,656 Now that's a legitimate question. That's a search for information. 15 00:00:58,656 --> 00:01:01,050 A quiz is something very different. 16 00:01:01,050 --> 00:01:03,904 It sounds like a question – It uses the same words. 17 00:01:03,904 --> 00:01:06,619 But the intention is altogether different. 18 00:01:13,810 --> 00:01:25,673 I would be asking you a quiz if, believing that I had the answer to something, 19 00:01:25,673 --> 00:01:30,020 I asked you a question to make sure that you had it. 20 00:01:30,020 --> 00:01:35,680 In other words, this is a way of testing your knowledge -- 21 00:01:35,680 --> 00:01:39,900 of making sure that your knowledge agrees with mine. 22 00:01:42,386 --> 00:01:50,683 Now little children understand very clearly the difference between quizzes and questions. 23 00:01:50,683 --> 00:01:54,126 Some of you will have had the experience of asking 24 00:01:54,126 --> 00:02:00,199 your little three year old or four year old a quiz-type question. 25 00:02:00,199 --> 00:02:06,050 And you may get the answer, "I don't know" -- 26 00:02:06,050 --> 00:02:11,079 which is just a child's way of refusing to answer what he/she knows is not a real question, 27 00:02:11,079 --> 00:02:14,533 not a serious question, not an honest question. 28 00:02:14,533 --> 00:02:20,850 Or you may get some silly answer. That's another way of disposing of it. 29 00:02:20,850 --> 00:02:28,819 One mother tells me that when she occasionally loses her common sense for a second, 30 00:02:28,819 --> 00:02:34,080 and asks her child a kind of quiz type question, the child turns right around and asks her one. 31 00:02:42,060 --> 00:02:50,646 Little children understand that this is a quiz, not a question. 32 00:02:50,646 --> 00:02:55,550 And they further understand that all that all quiz-type questions 33 00:02:55,550 --> 00:03:02,148 are a statement of lack of confidence. 34 00:03:02,148 --> 00:03:04,956 This is a vote of no confidence. 35 00:03:04,956 --> 00:03:10,805 Children resist being asked quiz-type questions for the same type of reason they resist 36 00:03:10,805 --> 00:03:15,409 being taught things when they haven't asked for them -- 37 00:03:15,409 --> 00:03:20,749 because they realize that this is you stating: 38 00:03:20,749 --> 00:03:24,859 "I don't really think you know this." 39 00:03:24,859 --> 00:03:28,230 This is a statement of lack of trust and confidence. 40 00:03:28,230 --> 00:03:33,658 And so they tend to react to it with a lot of anger and resistance -- 41 00:03:33,658 --> 00:03:36,442 which I think is altogether proper. 42 00:03:36,458 --> 00:03:42,989 And I'd hope when we get these signals, we would pay attention to them.