1 00:00:06,610 --> 00:00:08,829 If you live on the east coast of the United States, 2 00:00:08,829 --> 00:00:11,279 you spent the last 17 years of your life 3 00:00:11,279 --> 00:00:11,950 walking, 4 00:00:11,950 --> 00:00:12,663 eating, 5 00:00:12,663 --> 00:00:13,310 and sleeping 6 00:00:13,310 --> 00:00:16,320 above a dormant army of insects. 7 00:00:16,320 --> 00:00:18,696 These are the cicadas. 8 00:00:18,696 --> 00:00:19,883 Every 17 years, 9 00:00:19,883 --> 00:00:21,381 billions of them emerge from the ground 10 00:00:21,381 --> 00:00:22,925 to do three things: 11 00:00:22,925 --> 00:00:23,478 molt, 12 00:00:23,478 --> 00:00:24,166 mate, 13 00:00:24,166 --> 00:00:25,429 and die. 14 00:00:25,429 --> 00:00:28,700 There are fifteen different broods of cicadas out there, 15 00:00:28,700 --> 00:00:30,400 grouped by when they'll emerge from the ground. 16 00:00:30,400 --> 00:00:32,280 Some of these broods are on a 13-year cycle, 17 00:00:32,280 --> 00:00:34,512 others are on a 17-year clock. 18 00:00:34,512 --> 00:00:36,141 Either way, the cicadas live underground 19 00:00:36,141 --> 00:00:37,433 for most of their lives, 20 00:00:37,433 --> 00:00:39,267 feeding on the juices of plant roots. 21 00:00:39,267 --> 00:00:40,389 When it's time to emerge, 22 00:00:40,389 --> 00:00:41,888 the adults will begin to burrow their way 23 00:00:41,888 --> 00:00:42,770 out of the ground 24 00:00:42,770 --> 00:00:43,812 and up to the surface, 25 00:00:43,812 --> 00:00:45,814 where they will live for just a few weeks. 26 00:00:45,814 --> 00:00:47,113 During these weeks, though, 27 00:00:47,113 --> 00:00:49,644 everybody will know the cicadas have arrived. 28 00:00:49,644 --> 00:00:51,160 There will be billions of them, 29 00:00:51,160 --> 00:00:52,564 and they're loud. 30 00:00:52,564 --> 00:00:53,786 Male cicadas band together 31 00:00:53,786 --> 00:00:55,372 to call for female mates, 32 00:00:55,372 --> 00:00:56,778 and their collective chorus can reach 33 00:00:56,778 --> 00:00:58,480 up to 100 decibels, 34 00:00:58,480 --> 00:01:00,001 as loud as a chain saw. 35 00:01:00,001 --> 00:01:02,089 In fact, if you happen to be using a chain saw 36 00:01:02,089 --> 00:01:03,179 or a lawn mower, 37 00:01:03,179 --> 00:01:04,590 male cicadas will flock to you, 38 00:01:04,590 --> 00:01:06,840 thinking that you're one of them. 39 00:01:06,930 --> 00:01:08,324 Now, like most things in nature, 40 00:01:08,324 --> 00:01:10,501 the cicadas don't arrive without a posse. 41 00:01:10,501 --> 00:01:13,876 There are all sort of awesome and gross predators and parasites 42 00:01:13,876 --> 00:01:15,544 that come along with the buzzing bugs. 43 00:01:15,544 --> 00:01:17,624 Take the fungus massospora for example. 44 00:01:17,624 --> 00:01:19,707 This little white fungus buries itself 45 00:01:19,707 --> 00:01:22,206 in the cicada's abdomen and eats the bug alive, 46 00:01:22,206 --> 00:01:23,880 leaving behind its spores. 47 00:01:23,880 --> 00:01:25,124 When those spores rupture, 48 00:01:25,124 --> 00:01:27,545 they burst out of the still-alive cicada, 49 00:01:27,545 --> 00:01:30,248 turning the bug into a flying salt shaker of death, 50 00:01:30,248 --> 00:01:31,542 raining spores down upon 51 00:01:31,542 --> 00:01:33,761 its unsuspecting cicada neighbors. 52 00:01:33,761 --> 00:01:35,352 But while we know pretty precisely 53 00:01:35,352 --> 00:01:37,485 when the cicadas will arrive and fade away, 54 00:01:37,485 --> 00:01:40,238 we're still not totally certain of why. 55 00:01:40,238 --> 00:01:41,578 There are certain advantages 56 00:01:41,578 --> 00:01:44,289 to having your entire species emerge at once, of course. 57 00:01:44,289 --> 00:01:46,711 The sheer number of cicadas coming out of the ground 58 00:01:46,711 --> 00:01:48,165 is so overwhelming to predators, 59 00:01:48,165 --> 00:01:49,705 it is essentially guaranteed 60 00:01:49,705 --> 00:01:52,013 that a few bugs will survive and reproduce. 61 00:01:52,013 --> 00:01:54,987 And since cicadas emerge every 13 or 17 years, 62 00:01:54,987 --> 00:01:57,278 longer than the lifespan of many of their predators, 63 00:01:57,278 --> 00:01:58,326 the animals that eat them 64 00:01:58,326 --> 00:02:00,379 don't learn to depend on their availability. 65 00:02:00,379 --> 00:02:02,560 But why 13 and 17 years 66 00:02:02,560 --> 00:02:03,629 instead of 16, 67 00:02:03,629 --> 00:02:04,387 or 18, 68 00:02:04,387 --> 00:02:05,177 or 12? 69 00:02:05,177 --> 00:02:07,742 Well, that part no one really knows. 70 00:02:07,742 --> 00:02:09,808 It's possible the number just happened by chance, 71 00:02:09,808 --> 00:02:12,519 or, perhaps, cicadas really love prime numbers. 72 00:02:12,519 --> 00:02:15,323 Eventually, the cicadas will mate and slowly die off, 73 00:02:15,323 --> 00:02:17,130 their call fading into the distance. 74 00:02:17,130 --> 00:02:19,076 The eggs that they lay will begin the cycle again, 75 00:02:19,076 --> 00:02:21,184 their cicada babies burrowing into the earth, 76 00:02:21,184 --> 00:02:22,071 feeding on plant juice, 77 00:02:22,071 --> 00:02:23,023 and waiting for their turn 78 00:02:23,023 --> 00:02:23,995 to darken the skies 79 00:02:23,995 --> 00:02:25,949 and fill the air with their songs. 80 00:02:25,949 --> 00:02:28,004 In 17 years, they'll be ready. 81 00:02:28,944 --> 00:02:30,067 Will you?