[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.00,0:00:12.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I was a boy,\NI used to love playing with Legos
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.79,0:00:15.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was something I was truly fond of.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.09,0:00:19.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I remember I had a box\Nwith a castle drawn on it
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.38,0:00:22.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and obviously, it came\Nwith the instructions to build that castle
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.58,0:00:25.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I liked taking those blocks
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.30,0:00:27.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to build something completely different,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.26,0:00:29.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that had nothing to do with a castle.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.08,0:00:31.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's what I loved most about Legos,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.90,0:00:35.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the creative freedom they gave me.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.12,0:00:38.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, at some point,\NI stopped playing with Legos,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.41,0:00:40.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I finished Elementary School,\Nthen High School
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.98,0:00:42.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I was lucky enough to get into College
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.02,0:00:46.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and studied Computer Sciences, here,\Nat Buenos Aires University.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.69,0:00:50.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I found in programming\Nthat same creative freedom
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.19,0:00:53.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had with Legos when I was a boy.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.76,0:00:58.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To me, programming has to do\Nwith taking code blocks,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.44,0:01:02.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pieces of code that already exist,\Nassemble them, combine them
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.08,0:01:05.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to build completely new software\Nwith a new function.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.21,0:01:11.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two years ago,\Nduring my last days as a student,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.01,0:01:15.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so to speak, I came across\Na different kind of block
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.65,0:01:19.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that made me feel again\Nthat same creative freedom
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.15,0:01:22.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as those Legos did when I was little.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.13,0:01:24.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two years ago, I discovered\NSynthetic Biology
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.78,0:01:28.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and came across bioblocks,\Nalso called "biobricks"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.38,0:01:31.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the first time in my life.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.02,0:01:36.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A biobrick is not made out\Nof plastic or code.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.34,0:01:42.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A biobrick is made out of DNA,\None of life's essential molecules.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.27,0:01:47.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DNA is the molecule that holds\Nall the genetic data of a living being.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.25,0:01:50.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A biobrick is a tiny piece of DNA,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.80,0:01:52.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a portion of DNA
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.46,0:01:57.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that codes or captures\Na basic biological function.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.19,0:02:03.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As, for example, the ability\Nthat fireflies have to produce light,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.65,0:02:06.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the capacity that many plants\Nand animals have
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.20,0:02:09.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to emanate certain\Nodors or irradiate certain colors
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.33,0:02:11.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the ability that certain microorganisms
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.64,0:02:14.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have to degrade sustances and materials.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.36,0:02:18.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's interesting and potentially useful\Nabout biobricks
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.40,0:02:21.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that just like with Legos,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.27,0:02:25.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can assemble and combine them\Nin many different ways
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.28,0:02:30.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to build new organisms\Nthat don't exist in nature,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.50,0:02:33.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with completely new capabilities.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.13,0:02:37.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you start to play\Nwith these biobricks,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.40,0:02:40.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really crazy stuff can happen!
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.30,0:02:46.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For instance, light sensitive\Nphotographic film,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.96,0:02:50.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but made out of bacterias\Ninstead of chemicals.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.90,0:02:53.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, it's film that's actually alive!
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.06,0:02:57.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some have built microorganisms\Nwith biobricks
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.15,0:02:58.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,able to generate light.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.85,0:03:01.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just like fireflies,\Nbut they're not fireflies
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.38,0:03:05.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're bacteria that only need a couple\Nof nutrients in the water they live in
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.53,0:03:07.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to produce light.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.90,0:03:10.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some people, using biobricks,\Nhave even developed
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.79,0:03:13.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,micro-organisms capable\Nof producing different colors.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.70,0:03:16.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You may not see it clearly,\Nbut they're very different colors
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.57,0:03:18.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as different as the colors of a rainbow.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.54,0:03:21.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And working with biobricks,\Nsome people went even further
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.80,0:03:26.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and built bacteria that can produce
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.55,0:03:31.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some very little filaments of spider web,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.48,0:03:33.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,made out of the same material\Nas spider webs,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.64,0:03:34.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is very resistent.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.87,0:03:36.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they're not spiders, they're bacteria,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.94,0:03:39.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,similar to those we can find in yoghurt.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.81,0:03:44.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Furthermore, bacteria communities\Nthat behave like digital circuits
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.18,0:03:48.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have been built using biobricks.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.08,0:03:51.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Circuits like those found\Nin our computers, our iPads.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.87,0:03:54.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All those things I'm telling you
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.69,0:03:57.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sound like Sci-fi, but they're not.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.41,0:04:00.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're things that already exist,\Nthat have already been developed
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.89,0:04:02.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm sure you're thinking,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.81,0:04:05.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"OK, but I'm sure that this kind of stuff
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.41,0:04:08.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is made by Nobel Prize winners\Nin great research centers,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.28,0:04:10.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with cutting-edge technology"
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.71,0:04:12.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No, actually, they are not.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.79,0:04:16.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These things are made\Nby university students,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.74,0:04:18.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,graduate students,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.55,0:04:22.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is young people\Naged 19, 23, under 25.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.02,0:04:29.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ok, but now you're thinking,\N"Well, but I'm sure that these are MIT,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.12,0:04:33.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Harvard, Imperial College,\Nor Boston University students"
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.56,0:04:37.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, I'm sure there are people\Nfrom those universities
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.30,0:04:38.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,working with biobricks;
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.02,0:04:41.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but here at the Natural\Nand Exact Science Faculty,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.73,0:04:44.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,part of our own Buenos Aires University,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.64,0:04:49.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a group of students is\Nworking and assembling biobricks.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.30,0:04:53.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We, and I say "we"\Nbecause with these students,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.85,0:04:56.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is a group of graduates with them,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.65,0:05:00.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we set as our goal to use biobricks
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.40,0:05:03.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to tackle some important problem\Nwithin our country.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.54,0:05:06.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An Argentinian problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.57,0:05:11.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You may not know this, but our country\Nis one of the top 5 countries
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.57,0:05:15.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the most arsenic\Nwithin its territory.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.88,0:05:20.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Arsenic is a natural pollutant\Nthat's in the ground
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.03,0:05:22.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when you ingests it,\Nit has very serious consequences
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.82,0:05:24.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to your health in the long term.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.96,0:05:27.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cancer, for example.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.16,0:05:30.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oops.\N(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.98,0:05:35.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The problem is, there are hundreds\Nof thousands of Argentinians
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.40,0:05:38.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are consuming it unknowingly.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.38,0:05:40.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they don't know it\Nbecause nobody checked
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.71,0:05:42.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if their water supply was polluted or not,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.83,0:05:46.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they don't have\Na simple, safe and cheap way
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.24,0:05:48.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to check for themselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.35,0:05:52.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's what we're trying\Nto achieve with biobricks.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.68,0:05:56.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What did we do?\NWell, we went to the "box" of biobricks,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.80,0:05:59.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a free access central repository
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.28,0:06:02.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because this is open technology,\Nyou don't have to pay to use it,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.54,0:06:06.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and started browsing in this biobrick\Nrepository to see what was available;
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.68,0:06:10.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we found, on the one hand,\Na biobrick that captured the capacity
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.64,0:06:15.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that some organisms have to know\Nwhether there is arsenic near them.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.70,0:06:20.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And on the other hand, we found\Na biobrick that captures
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.71,0:06:24.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ability of some other organisms\Nto generate color.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.50,0:06:28.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We took these biobrick, assemble them
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.86,0:06:32.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and through a series of technical\Nintricate processes, we managed to build
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.47,0:06:36.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a new organism\Nthat doesn't exist in nature
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.13,0:06:40.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when in arsenic polluted\Nwater, it produces a color.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.40,0:06:44.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What has this organism got to do\Nwith the problem we wanted to tackle?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.78,0:06:49.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This new organism is the key technology
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.69,0:06:53.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,behind an arsenic detection kit\Nwe are building.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.88,0:06:56.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd like to say that we're building it\Nwith people
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.72,0:06:59.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the F.A.D.U. (Architecture,\NDesign and Urbanism College).
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.70,0:07:03.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An arsenic detection kit\Nthat we designed it to be palm size
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.29,0:07:05.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it can be delivered\Nanywhere in the country,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.66,0:07:07.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it can be simple and safe to use,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.45,0:07:10.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, above all, cheap to manufacture.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.40,0:07:12.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because no technical knowledge\Nis required to use it,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.00,0:07:15.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you just need to take a sample\Nfrom the water tap,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.46,0:07:20.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the water pump, or wherever, put it\Nin the device and wait a couple of hours
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.48,0:07:22.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it'll generate a color.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.10,0:07:24.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The only thing left to do\Nis to observe that color.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.49,0:07:28.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the intensity\Nof that color and you'll know
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.10,0:07:33.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if the water you were about to drink\Nhad any arsenic or not.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.40,0:07:35.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We really hope, at some point,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.98,0:07:40.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to mass produce this device,\Ndistribute it and provide a solution
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.32,0:07:42.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to those hundreds of thousands\Nof our compatriots
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.64,0:07:46.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,poisoning themselves with the water\Nthey drink without even knowing it.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.77,0:07:48.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.71,0:07:51.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,think for a second
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.47,0:07:56.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we, a group of fewer than\N20 people, working a lot,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.46,0:08:00.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in less than a year, and also\Nworking on a side projet -
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.25,0:08:02.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because this wasn't our main project -
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.60,0:08:06.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and using some biobricks,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.54,0:08:11.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were able to embark in the development\Nof this arsenic detection kit,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.73,0:08:16.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how many other things can we build
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.02,0:08:19.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we start combining\Nhundreds of biobricks
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.52,0:08:22.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are available for free\Ninside that "box"?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.12,0:08:24.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How many Argentinian problems
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.73,0:08:26.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and wordwide problems
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.45,0:08:29.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could we tackle with this technology?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.61,0:08:33.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm convinced...
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.28,0:08:35.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm absolutelly convinced
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.14,0:08:38.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that Sinthetic Biology will be\None of the most impotant technologies
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.39,0:08:40.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the years to come.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.26,0:08:44.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'm also convinced\Nthat our country, Argentina,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.21,0:08:48.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the whole region - Latin America -\Nnot only has the capacity
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.46,0:08:53.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also the opportunity to pioneer\Nin the development of this technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.70,0:08:58.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we need is that all of you,\Nwho are here today,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.14,0:09:03.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also those who aren't, to dare -
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.61,0:09:05.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as I dared 2 years ago -
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.55,0:09:08.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and start to play with biobricks.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.80,0:09:12.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Especially the young ones, that I can see\Nare many in this auditorium.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.74,0:09:17.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I want is for young people to play\Nwith biobrick at their high schools.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.56,0:09:21.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want young people to assemble\Nand build using biobricks
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.07,0:09:24.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in universities all over the country.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.31,0:09:28.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I also want young people\Nto play with biobricks
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.10,0:09:31.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,outside the formal places of education.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.07,0:09:35.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, why not, let's say,\Nmiddle school students
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.06,0:09:39.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,taking their first steps\Ninto Synthetic Biology.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.16,0:09:45.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know this is a very ambitious goal,\Na huge goal.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.40,0:09:49.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if there's something I learned,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.50,0:09:52.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's that in this life, if you want\Nto build something big
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.25,0:09:55.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you want to build something really big,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.75,0:09:58.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not only do you need a lot pieces\N
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.48,0:10:01.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also a lot of hands.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.01,0:10:02.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.54,0:10:04.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)