[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.75,0:00:03.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My talk today is about something
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.78,0:00:06.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe a couple of you have already heard about.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.12,0:00:08.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's called the Arab Spring.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.45,0:00:10.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anyone heard of it?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.35,0:00:13.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.48,0:00:18.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in 2011, power shifted,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.22,0:00:20.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the few to the many,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.86,0:00:24.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from oval offices to central squares,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.62,0:00:27.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from carefully guarded airwaves
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.61,0:00:30.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to open-source networks.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.30,0:00:35.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But before Tahrir was a global symbol of liberation,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.08,0:00:37.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there were representative surveys
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.07,0:00:40.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,already giving people a voice
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.06,0:00:43.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in quieter but still powerful ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.55,0:00:48.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I study Muslim societies around the world at Gallup.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.38,0:00:50.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since 2001,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.86,0:00:54.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've interviewed hundreds of thousands of people --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.25,0:00:56.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,young and old, men and women,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.02,0:00:58.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,educated and illiterate.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.16,0:01:01.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My talk today draws on this research
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.66,0:01:05.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to reveal why Arabs rose up
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.60,0:01:08.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what they want now.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.61,0:01:11.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now this region's very diverse,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.80,0:01:13.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and every country is unique.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.78,0:01:15.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But those who revolted
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.43,0:01:18.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shared a common set of grievances
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.37,0:01:21.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and have similar demands today.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.55,0:01:24.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to focus a lot of my talk on Egypt.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.40,0:01:27.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It has nothing to do with the fact that I was born there, of course.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.76,0:01:31.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's the largest Arab country
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.35,0:01:34.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's also one with a great deal of influence.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.76,0:01:38.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I'm going to end by widening the lens to the entire region
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.75,0:01:41.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to look at the mundane topics
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.56,0:01:44.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Arab views of religion and politics
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.35,0:01:47.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how this impacts women,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.53,0:01:51.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,revealing some surprises along the way.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.30,0:01:55.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So after analyzing mounds of data,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.43,0:01:57.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what we discovered was this:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.90,0:02:01.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unemployment and poverty alone
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.14,0:02:05.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,did not lead to the Arab revolts of 2011.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.73,0:02:08.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If an act of desperation by a Tunisian fruit vendor
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.82,0:02:10.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sparked these revolutions,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.54,0:02:14.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was the difference between what Arabs experienced
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.54,0:02:16.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what they expected
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.92,0:02:18.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that provided the fuel.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.75,0:02:20.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To tell you what I mean,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.15,0:02:22.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,consider this trend in Egypt.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.33,0:02:25.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On paper the country was doing great.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.31,0:02:28.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, it attracted accolades
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.16,0:02:30.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from multinational organizations
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.62,0:02:32.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of its economic growth.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.68,0:02:35.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But under the surface was a very different reality.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.33,0:02:39.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2010, right before the revolution,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.08,0:02:41.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though GDP per capita
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.23,0:02:44.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had been growing at five percent for several years,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.33,0:02:48.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Egyptians had never felt worse about their lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.83,0:02:51.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now this is very unusual,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.10,0:02:54.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because globally we find that, not surprisingly,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.40,0:02:58.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people feel better as their country gets richer.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.02,0:03:00.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's because they have better job opportunities
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.80,0:03:04.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and their state offers better social services.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.21,0:03:06.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it was exactly the opposite in Egypt.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.60,0:03:09.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As the country got more well-off,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.33,0:03:11.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unemployment actually rose
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.75,0:03:14.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and people's satisfaction
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.40,0:03:20.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with things like housing and education plummeted.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.34,0:03:24.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it wasn't just anger at economic injustice.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.63,0:03:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was also people's deep longing for freedom.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.00,0:03:36.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Contrary to the clash of civilizations theory,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.27,0:03:39.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Arabs didn't despise Western liberty,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.80,0:03:41.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they desired it.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.75,0:03:44.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As early as 2001,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.50,0:03:47.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we asked Arabs, and Muslims in general around the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.98,0:03:50.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what they admired most about the West.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.90,0:03:53.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Among the most frequent responses
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.57,0:03:55.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was liberty and justice.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.92,0:03:59.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In their own words to an open-ended question
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.09,0:04:02.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we heard, "Their political system is transparent
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.01,0:04:05.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's following democracy in its true sense."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.21,0:04:07.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another said it was "liberty and freedom
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.21,0:04:09.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and being open-minded with each other."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.94,0:04:14.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Majorities as high as 90 percent and greater
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.57,0:04:16.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Egypt, Indonesia and Iran
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.99,0:04:19.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,told us in 2005
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.67,0:04:23.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that if they were to write a new constitution
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.87,0:04:27.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for a theoretical new country
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.24,0:04:29.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they would guarantee freedom of speech
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.56,0:04:31.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a fundamental right,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.97,0:04:34.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially in Egypt.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.06,0:04:38.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eighty-eight percent said moving toward greater democracy
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.04,0:04:40.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would help Muslims progress --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.61,0:04:44.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the highest percentage of any country we surveyed.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.82,0:04:48.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But pressed up against these democratic aspirations
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.52,0:04:51.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was a very different day-to-day experience,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.62,0:04:53.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially in Egypt.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.79,0:04:57.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While aspiring to democracy the most,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.31,0:05:02.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were the least likely population in the world
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.06,0:05:05.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to say that they had actually voiced their opinion
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.78,0:05:08.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a public official in the last month --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.16,0:05:11.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at only four percent.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.84,0:05:16.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So while economic development made a few people rich,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.61,0:05:19.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it left many more worse off.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.60,0:05:23.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As people felt less and less free,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.19,0:05:26.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they also felt less and less provided for.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.94,0:05:30.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So rather than viewing their former regimes
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.69,0:05:34.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as generous if overprotective fathers,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.12,0:05:38.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they viewed them as essentially prison wardens.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.32,0:05:42.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So now that Egyptians have ended Mubarak's 30-year rule,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.74,0:05:44.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they potentially could be
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.91,0:05:47.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an example for the region.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.57,0:05:49.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If Egypt is to succeed
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.30,0:05:52.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at building a society based on the rule of law,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.76,0:05:55.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it could be a model.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.62,0:05:56.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If, however,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.94,0:06:01.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the core issues that propelled the revolution aren't addressed,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.36,0:06:05.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the consequences could be catastrophic --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.07,0:06:06.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not just for Egypt,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.31,0:06:09.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but for the entire region.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.58,0:06:13.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The signs don't look good, some have said.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.21,0:06:18.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Islamists, not the young liberals that sparked the revolution,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.04,0:06:20.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,won the majority in Parliament.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.64,0:06:22.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The military council
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.31,0:06:26.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has cracked down on civil society and protests
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.63,0:06:29.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the country's economy continues to suffer.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.99,0:06:34.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Evaluating Egypt on this basis alone, however,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.76,0:06:39.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ignores the real revolution.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.39,0:06:41.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because Egyptians are more optimistic
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.57,0:06:44.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than they have been in years,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.01,0:06:47.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,far less divided on religious-secular lines
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.78,0:06:49.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than we would think
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.10,0:06:53.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and poised for the demands of democracy.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.02,0:06:55.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whether they support Islamists or liberals,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.97,0:06:59.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Egyptians' priorities for this government are identical,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.31,0:07:02.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they are jobs, stability and education,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.07,0:07:04.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not moral policing.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.40,0:07:05.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But most of all,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.47,0:07:06.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the first time in decades,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.90,0:07:10.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they expect to be active participants, not spectators,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.65,0:07:12.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the affairs of their country.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.95,0:07:16.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was meeting with a group of newly-elected parliamentarians
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.97,0:07:18.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from Egypt and Tunisia
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.50,0:07:20.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a couple of weeks ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.03,0:07:22.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what really struck me about them
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.81,0:07:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was that they weren't only optimistic,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.00,0:07:30.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they kind of struck me as nervous,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.84,0:07:32.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for lack of a better word.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.19,0:07:33.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One said to me,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.48,0:07:36.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Our people used to gather in cafes to watch football" --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.40,0:07:39.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or soccer, as we say in America --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.42,0:07:43.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and now they gather to watch Parliament."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.80,0:07:47.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.16,0:07:49.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"They're really watching us,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.38,0:07:53.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we can't help but worry
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.37,0:07:55.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we're not going to live up to their expectations."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.89,0:07:57.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what really struck me
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.40,0:07:59.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that less than 24 months ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.59,0:08:01.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was the people that were nervous
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.84,0:08:04.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about being watched by their government.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.92,0:08:07.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the reason that they're expecting a lot
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.77,0:08:11.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is because they have a new-found hope for the future.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.38,0:08:13.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So right before the revolution
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.16,0:08:16.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we said that Egyptians had never felt worse about their lives,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.64,0:08:20.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but not only that, they thought their future would be no better.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.94,0:08:24.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What really changed after the ouster of Mubarak
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.17,0:08:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wasn't that life got easier.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.00,0:08:28.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It actually got harder.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.11,0:08:31.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But people's expectations for their future
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.20,0:08:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,went up significantly.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.00,0:08:35.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this hope, this optimism,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.40,0:08:39.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,endured a year of turbulent transition.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.75,0:08:43.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One reason that there's this optimism
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.28,0:08:47.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is because, contrary to what many people have said,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.01,0:08:51.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most Egyptians think things really have changed in many ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.19,0:08:54.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So while Egyptians were known
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.02,0:08:57.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for their single-digit turnout
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.49,0:08:59.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in elections before the revolution,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.76,0:09:03.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the last election had around 70 percent voter turnout --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.59,0:09:05.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,men and women.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.59,0:09:10.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where scarcely a quarter believed in the honesty of elections in 2010 --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.50,0:09:12.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm surprised it was a quarter --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.18,0:09:16.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,90 percent thought that this last election was honest.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.30,0:09:17.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now why this matters
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.87,0:09:21.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is because we discovered a link
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.04,0:09:25.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between people's faith in their democratic process
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.27,0:09:29.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and their faith that oppressed people
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.12,0:09:31.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can change their situation
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.64,0:09:36.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through peaceful means alone.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.36,0:09:45.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.73,0:09:48.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now I know what some of you are thinking.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.15,0:09:49.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Egyptian people,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.78,0:09:53.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and many other Arabs who've revolted and are in transition,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.64,0:09:57.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have very high expectations of the government.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.05,0:10:01.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're just victims of a long-time autocracy,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.85,0:10:04.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,expecting a paternal state
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.07,0:10:06.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to solve all their problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.45,0:10:10.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this conclusion would ignore
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.04,0:10:13.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a tectonic shift taking place in Egypt
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.18,0:10:17.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,far from the cameras in Tahrir Square.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.20,0:10:20.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that is Egyptians' elevated expectations
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.87,0:10:24.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are placed first on themselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.23,0:10:28.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the country once known for its passive resignation,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.40,0:10:30.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where, as bad as things got,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.27,0:10:33.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only four percent expressed their opinion to a public official,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.74,0:10:37.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,today 90 percent tell us
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.05,0:10:39.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that if there's a problem in their community,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.32,0:10:41.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's up to them to fix it.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.75,0:10:49.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.45,0:10:51.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And three-fourths
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.25,0:10:54.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,believe they not only have the responsibility,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.08,0:10:57.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the power to make change.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.05,0:10:59.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this empowerment
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.31,0:11:02.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also applies to women,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.25,0:11:03.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whose role in the revolts
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.92,0:11:06.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cannot be underestimated.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.07,0:11:08.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were doctors and dissidents,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.47,0:11:10.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,artists and organizers.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.04,0:11:15.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A full third of those who braved tanks and tear gas
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.17,0:11:20.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to ask or to demand liberty and justice in Egypt
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.20,0:11:21.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were women.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.88,0:11:27.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.52,0:11:30.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now people have raised some real concerns
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.21,0:11:33.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about what the rise of Islamist parties means for women.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.87,0:11:38.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we've found about the role of religion in law
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.16,0:11:40.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the role of religion in society
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.67,0:11:43.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that there's no female consensus.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.66,0:11:47.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We found that women in one country
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.84,0:11:49.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,look more like the men in that country
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.81,0:11:54.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than their female counterparts across the border.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.47,0:11:55.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now what this suggests
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.99,0:12:00.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that how women view religion's role in society
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.06,0:12:05.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is shaped more by their own country's culture and context
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.34,0:12:07.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than one monolithic view
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.86,0:12:10.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that religion is simply bad for women.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.69,0:12:14.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where women agree, however,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.46,0:12:16.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is on their own role,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:16.04,0:12:18.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that it must be central and active.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.57,0:12:23.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here is where we see the greatest gender difference within a country --
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.69,0:12:26.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the issue of women's rights.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.44,0:12:29.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now how men feel about women's rights
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.04,0:12:32.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,matters to the future of this region.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.49,0:12:34.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because we discovered a link
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.52,0:12:38.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between men's support for women's employment
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.53,0:12:41.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how many women are actually employed
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.72,0:12:44.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in professional fields in that country.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.91,0:12:46.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the question becomes,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.37,0:12:50.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What drives men's support for women's rights?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.55,0:12:57.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What about men's views of religion and law?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.30,0:13:00.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Does] a man's opinion
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.18,0:13:03.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the role of religion in politics
Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.07,0:13:06.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shape their view of women's rights?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.72,0:13:07.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The answer is no.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.95,0:13:10.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We found absolutely no correlation,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.83,0:13:12.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no impact whatsoever,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.65,0:13:15.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between these two variables.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.18,0:13:18.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What drives men's support for women's employment
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.90,0:13:21.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is men's employment,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:21.78,0:13:24.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their level of education
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.28,0:13:27.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as well as a high score
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.07,0:13:31.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on their country's U.N. Human Development Index.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.17,0:13:32.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What this means
Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.36,0:13:35.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that human development,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.43,0:13:37.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not secularization,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.73,0:13:40.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is what's key to women's empowerment
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.45,0:13:44.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the transforming Middle East.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.13,0:13:47.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the transformation continues.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.08,0:13:50.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From Wall Street to Mohammed Mahmoud Street,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.96,0:13:53.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it has never been more important
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.02,0:13:55.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to understand the aspirations
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.36,0:13:57.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of ordinary people.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.48,0:13:59.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:59.21,0:14:09.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)