[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.77,0:00:29.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each week I come across \Nan article or a report
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.43,0:00:33.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that asserts that data is the new oil,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.48,0:00:36.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the use of data will lead\Nto a new era of knowledge,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.37,0:00:39.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or even that it can predict the future.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.70,0:00:43.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This has been particularly true since\Neveryone started talking about big data.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.50,0:00:46.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, the use of large-scale data, \Nmega data.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.72,0:00:50.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, Sergei Brin, \Nthe founder of Google,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.67,0:00:53.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who is focusing on the use of medical data
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.49,0:00:56.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to cure Parkinson's disease, \Nfor which he is at risk.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.04,0:01:00.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,During the World Cup, many people said
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.01,0:01:03.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the German team was able to\Nbeat the Brazilian team 7-1
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.67,0:01:06.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thanks to the use of match data.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.26,0:01:08.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's clear
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.26,0:01:11.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there is no field or \Ntype of organization
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.52,0:01:13.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for which Big Data
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.08,0:01:16.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,isn't supposed to be\Na magic wand that will enable
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.35,0:01:18.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the resolution of extremely \Ncomplex problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.74,0:01:22.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I must admit that I feel uneasy
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.74,0:01:25.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about these kinds\Nof simplistic statements,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.54,0:01:29.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which I see as overshadowing \Na number of issues, including the economy,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.20,0:01:30.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the environment,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.51,0:01:31.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,politics,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.40,0:01:33.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the ethics \Nof the massive production of data.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.23,0:01:37.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Please don't think that I am skeptical
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.64,0:01:39.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or doubtful about data,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.92,0:01:42.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or that I am opposed \Nto all forms of quantification.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.80,0:01:43.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the contrary,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.80,0:01:45.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I live surrounded by data.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.91,0:01:49.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,During the day, I'm working on a thesis\Nin sociology at Telecom ParisTech
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.87,0:01:51.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where I study Open Data.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.10,0:01:54.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The important effort\Nto provide open access to public data.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.19,0:01:56.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I study the consequences of Open Data
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.50,0:01:58.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the operation of government.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.77,0:02:01.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At night, I am the administrator\Nfor an association,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.63,0:02:03.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Open Knowledge Foundation France,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.65,0:02:08.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which campaigns for open knowledge\Nand for data that benefits everyone.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.31,0:02:10.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, I would like to persuade you
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.23,0:02:13.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that, at this time, when data\Nis becoming obtrusive,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.11,0:02:15.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need to take a step back.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.58,0:02:17.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This coronation of data \Nthat we are witnessing
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.57,0:02:19.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,during the era of Open Data and Big Data
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.55,0:02:22.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,demands a new culture of\Ncritical thought about data.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.36,0:02:26.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We must be able to understand\Nhow it is produced and used,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.78,0:02:28.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how we can become\Nindependent from it.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.100,0:02:32.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I also want to share \Nthe results of an experiment
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.47,0:02:35.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we did at\NOpen Knowledge Foundation France
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.28,0:02:37.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called "the School of Data."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.25,0:02:40.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I hope to show that, \Nthrough the use of data,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.47,0:02:43.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can manage to develop\Nthis culture of critical thought
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.53,0:02:46.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that we can develop \Nnew checks and balances.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.51,0:02:49.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, what are the problems with data?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.66,0:02:53.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first problem is that\Ndata is always right.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.71,0:02:56.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, don't believe that this is\Nanything new.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.86,0:03:00.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Historically, the word 'data'\Ncomes from the Latin word "datum"
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.51,0:03:03.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which, in mathematics and theology
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.79,0:03:05.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the 15th century, referred to
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.53,0:03:07.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the facts taken as given in an argument\N
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.69,0:03:09.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and which were not to be \Ncalled into question.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.92,0:03:12.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, as you know, data refers
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.32,0:03:14.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to everything that flows \Nin your computer.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.33,0:03:17.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is to say, the 1's and 0's\Nthat pass from USB stick to hard disk
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.83,0:03:18.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are considered data.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.77,0:03:20.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the other hand,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.80,0:03:22.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the sense that data is a given,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.43,0:03:23.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it is factual,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.60,0:03:25.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it is not to be questioned,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.31,0:03:26.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has remained.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.82,0:03:29.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The second problem with data
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.86,0:03:32.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that we don't really know\Nwhere it comes from.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.57,0:03:34.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In general, when someone uses data,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.88,0:03:37.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he or she has very little information\Nabout the way
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.42,0:03:38.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which it was produced.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.92,0:03:41.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At best, you will have access to metadata,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.07,0:03:43.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is to say, data about the data,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.09,0:03:46.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which will tell you the contents\Nof the file and, occasionally,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.98,0:03:49.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how the data was produced.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.94,0:03:52.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, that data has a long history.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.49,0:03:54.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was collected.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.74,0:03:57.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was processed, formatted,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.07,0:03:59.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,aggregated, processed by algorithms,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.87,0:04:03.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and visualized before reaching you.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.08,0:04:05.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is why sociologist \NBruno Latour asserts
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.39,0:04:07.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we should say 'obtaineds' \Ninstead of data
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.83,0:04:10.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to accurately reflect this long history
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.17,0:04:12.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which will constrain a number of uses.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.27,0:04:15.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Finally, the third problem with data
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.94,0:04:17.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that we can't really see it.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.87,0:04:19.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Have you ever seen a data center,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.92,0:04:22.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even if only from outside, \Nor from the road?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.87,0:04:25.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you have any idea \Nof where your data is stored?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.84,0:04:28.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, physically, where it is stored?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.52,0:04:31.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you have any idea what will happen\Nto it in 10 years?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.51,0:04:34.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In any case, I have no answer \Nfor these three questions.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.48,0:04:38.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, even if we can't see our data,\Nwe can measure its effects.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.17,0:04:41.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the individual level,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.25,0:04:43.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when Facebook changes its terms of service
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.77,0:04:47.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or modifies its algorithm, it has \Nconsequences for your private life
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.68,0:04:50.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for the way in which you present \Nyourself as an individual.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.72,0:04:53.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And on the most macroscopic level,\Nthe Snowden affair has shown
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.62,0:04:56.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the massive production of data
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.12,0:04:58.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can have consequences \Nfor the sovereignty of the State
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.94,0:05:00.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or for diplomacy.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.51,0:05:03.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is why we must develop a culture
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.70,0:05:05.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of critical thought about data.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.46,0:05:06.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To encourage myself,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.72,0:05:11.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was inspired by a book \Ncalled "Statactivism."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.68,0:05:13.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Statactivism is a neologism
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.81,0:05:16.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,proposed by researchers and artists
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.81,0:05:21.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that refers to those experiences \Nthat permit one to liberate oneself
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.27,0:05:22.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the power of data.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.99,0:05:25.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The fundamental basis of statactivism
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.27,0:05:27.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that data controls us,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.46,0:05:30.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that it imposes on us\Nlike an argument from authority.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.38,0:05:33.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The goal of statactivism \Nis almost revolutionary.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.79,0:05:36.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It asserts that other kinds of data\Nmust be possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.29,0:05:38.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is not necessary to be opposed\Nto all data.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.70,0:05:41.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead, we should use the power of data
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.20,0:05:42.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to propose other realities
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.73,0:05:44.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to critique data more effectively,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.56,0:05:46.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or to propose other measures.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.74,0:05:49.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In short, to propose other data.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.06,0:05:52.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is a motif in the book\Nwhich I find particularly meaningful,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.52,0:05:53.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that of the judoka.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.95,0:05:58.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Judoka use the strength of their opponents\Nin order to turn it back on them.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.49,0:06:02.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is what I want to invite you \Nto do today:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.27,0:06:06.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,think about how to use data \Nto better analyze it.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.37,0:06:11.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think, precisely at this moment\Nin the development of Open Data,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.53,0:06:14.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the need to develop a culture \Nof critical thought about data
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.41,0:06:16.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is increasingly crucial.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.46,0:06:20.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Don't be misled: Open Data represents\Nan extraordinary opportunity.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.99,0:06:23.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The volume of data is exploding
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.03,0:06:25.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and data is no longer \Nthe privilege of the powerful.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.91,0:06:28.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, you can use data
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.14,0:06:30.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without asking anyone's permission.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.12,0:06:33.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is a good idea, \Nbecause public data is available.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.73,0:06:35.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I think that there is a risk
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.38,0:06:38.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to thinking \Nthat the simple diffusion of data
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.07,0:06:40.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will be enough to emancipate society,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.11,0:06:43.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that individuals can emancipate \Nthemselves from the power of data
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.54,0:06:45.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just because they have access to data.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.39,0:06:49.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is a Canadian sociologist\Nnamed Michael Gurstein
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.25,0:06:53.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who has proposed an expression \Nthat sums up a risk of Open data,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.48,0:06:56.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,namely, "Empower the Empowered,"
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.59,0:06:59.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,meaning to give more power \Nto those who already have it.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.48,0:07:02.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is why it's crucial\Nto develop a culture of critical thought
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.94,0:07:05.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be able to understand how data\Nis produced,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.58,0:07:09.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,used, and how you can use it \Nto take a step back.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.00,0:07:11.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, that's the theory.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.36,0:07:14.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would like to share with you\Nthe first results from an experiment
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.55,0:07:18.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we did in my association: \NOpen Knowledge Foundation France.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.25,0:07:22.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are part of a worldwide network \Ndedicated to open knowledge and open data.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.03,0:07:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have groups in more than 50 countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.00,0:07:26.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the idea of our association\Nand of this worldwide movement
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.93,0:07:29.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that each person can benefit,\Ncan profit,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.48,0:07:33.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from works, scientific articles, \Nand content,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.48,0:07:37.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to create, play, educate, \Nor to start up a business.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.22,0:07:40.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Open Knowledge has \Na large number of projects.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.91,0:07:43.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to talk about one project,\Nthe "School of Data."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.91,0:07:47.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We participated together \Nin the translation of this project,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.43,0:07:48.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this "School of Data."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.88,0:07:51.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The School of Data consists \Nof online resources
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.74,0:07:53.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are free and accessible to all,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.83,0:07:55.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also events.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.31,0:07:58.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We first proposed classes.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.60,0:08:02.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In these classes, you do not even have \Nto know what data is.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.02,0:08:05.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or how to use a spreadsheet,\Nwhich is really the tool of choice.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.16,0:08:07.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You will be taught about that\Nin our class.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.93,0:08:10.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No expertise is required,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.16,0:08:14.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you are guided step by step\Nin the use of data.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.52,0:08:17.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We also use another format\Nwhich is particularly educational,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.74,0:08:19.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,namely, the recipe.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.29,0:08:22.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Recipes are just like in cooking - \Nyou have ingredients
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.29,0:08:23.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and steps.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.29,0:08:25.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The ingredients will be data,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.28,0:08:27.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,software - free if possible,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.99,0:08:31.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that you can use data.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.33,0:08:34.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The idea is that making a map\Nof electoral results,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.44,0:08:36.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or a graph of results \Nof the French soccer team
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.88,0:08:40.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,should be as easy to do as making\Na tarte Tatin or Bechamel sauce.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.14,0:08:41.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You find the resources online
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.90,0:08:44.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we walk you through the project\Nstep by step.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.60,0:08:48.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We also have tried to develop\Nanother format for in-person sessions,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.04,0:08:49.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which we call expeditions.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.12,0:08:52.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For expeditions, it's like\Nmountain climbing:
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.64,0:08:55.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have a guide, a "data sherpa,"
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.10,0:08:56.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who will accompany you,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.99,0:08:58.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,attached by a rope.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.23,0:09:01.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There will be 10 or 20 participants
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.43,0:09:05.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who work together during a weekend\Nor sometimes for a few hours.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.77,0:09:07.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our first data expedition
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.63,0:09:10.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,focused on the question of air pollution\Nin Île-de-France.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.99,0:09:12.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know if you have seen
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.68,0:09:15.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these images of Paris \Nwith black clouds of pollution.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.32,0:09:18.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They left their mark on us, \Nand we said to ourselves:
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.06,0:09:21.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Well, let's dig into this set of data."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.46,0:09:25.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first step, when we undertook\Nthis data expedition,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.47,0:09:27.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was to identify the available data.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.75,0:09:31.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We realized that there is\Nno available data
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.04,0:09:34.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is freely reusable, that is to say,\Nthat you have the right to reuse
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.80,0:09:37.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without asking for permission,\Non this crucial question.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.47,0:09:40.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Therefore, we had to extract data\Nfrom websites,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.68,0:09:43.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reports, or even from graphics.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.30,0:09:47.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine what a mess it is to expose\Ndata that is in a graphic.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.81,0:09:50.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We also realized that Airparif,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.40,0:09:53.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the organization responsible \Nfor the production of data
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.16,0:09:56.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,relevant to the question \Nof air pollution in Île-de-France
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.41,0:09:59.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,does not allow you to use\Nits data freely.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.58,0:10:02.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One must ask permission, or pay.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.13,0:10:05.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were able to overcome\Nthese constraints
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.16,0:10:07.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to conduct this expedition
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.70,0:10:10.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,guided by our sherpa, Pierre.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.57,0:10:13.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,During this data expedition
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.99,0:10:18.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we broke into small groups,\Nand each group was assigned an angle.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.23,0:10:22.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the principles of the expeditions:\Nyou have an angle, like in journalism,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.26,0:10:25.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we ask ourselves questions that could be\Nthe title of an article.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.32,0:10:26.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first group asked itself
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.100,0:10:31.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if bicycle riding had led to a decrease\Nin air pollution in Paris.\N
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.48,0:10:32.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The second group,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.52,0:10:34.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since it was during a strike,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.25,0:10:37.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,asked itself if public transport strikes
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.46,0:10:40.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cause air pollution in Île-de-France \Nto increase.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.98,0:10:44.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the third group asked if\Nall regions are equal
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.38,0:10:48.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with regard to air pollution,\Nor if geography and environment
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.42,0:10:51.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could have an effect, and if so, \Ncould be seen in the data.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.62,0:10:55.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The results of this expedition,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.17,0:10:57.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am sorry to say, will be a bit \Ndisappointing.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.37,0:11:01.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We did not find any correlation\Nor causal connection
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.44,0:11:04.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with nice data points, \Na fitting curve, or a straight line,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.32,0:11:06.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that proves that our hypotheses\Nare correct.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.55,0:11:10.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We did not succeed at that,\Nbut we worked for four hours.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.19,0:11:12.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we did manage to show,\Non the other hand,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.20,0:11:14.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that it is extremely difficult
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.01,0:11:17.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to use data concerning a question\Nas crucial as air pollution,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.84,0:11:20.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to understand how it is produced,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.44,0:11:23.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,extremely difficult to use it,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.23,0:11:26.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the most simple measurements\Nare not accessible,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.08,0:11:29.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that you do not necessarily have\Nthe right to reuse them.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.34,0:11:32.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is just what we tried \Nto do at this event:
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.35,0:11:35.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to develop a culture of critical thought\Non the way in which data
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.43,0:11:38.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is used concerning the question\Nof air pollution.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.49,0:11:43.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We also tried to develop this format \Nof expeditions and training events
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.36,0:11:45.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with another group
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.15,0:11:46.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is less expected,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.24,0:11:48.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that of children.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.13,0:11:53.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We asked ourselves the question\Nduring an event that we did with Etalab,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.06,0:11:56.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the government institution\Nin charge of data.gouv.fr,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.66,0:11:59.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the open data portal\Nof the French government.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.50,0:12:03.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We suggested the idea \Nof radically different open data portals.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.74,0:12:07.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were fictional projects,\Njust prototypes.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.77,0:12:12.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is a group that has come out\Nwith a prototype called Tada.gouv.fr.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.95,0:12:17.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tada.gouv.fr is a fictional portal,\Na bit idealistic, destined for children.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.78,0:12:21.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The data is presented\Nnot by government department or minister,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.90,0:12:24.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but by discipline, that is to say\Nthat you have data
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.80,0:12:27.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about history and geography,\Nphysics and chemistry,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.52,0:12:29.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or life and Earth sciences.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.48,0:12:32.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On this occasion, we realized\Nthat open data
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.47,0:12:34.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can be a fantastic resource\Nfor school
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.100,0:12:38.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it allows the development\Nof inter-disciplinary work,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.30,0:12:41.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this culture of critical thought\Nabout data I have mentioned.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.92,0:12:43.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We did not leave things at observation.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.88,0:12:46.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We tried to do a first experiment
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.22,0:12:48.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I would like to tell you \Nabout the first results.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.74,0:12:51.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We joined with Silicon Banlieue,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.67,0:12:54.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is a site dedicated\Nto data in Argenteuil,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.06,0:12:56.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we proposed to do an event
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.09,0:12:58.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with children between 8 and 14 years old
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.48,0:13:00.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who came to the Open World Forum,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.26,0:13:02.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an event dedicated \Nto open computing in Paris.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.55,0:13:05.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There, you can see me from the back.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.39,0:13:08.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With the 8 to 14 year old children,\Nwe worked on the question of cinema,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.83,0:13:12.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because that interested them,\Nand it is a simple enough subject.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.15,0:13:13.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First we collected data,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.78,0:13:16.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nothing very complicated,\Nit was just a paper form.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.62,0:13:20.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We asked them how many times a month\Nthey go to the cinema,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.03,0:13:23.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which movies they saw from a list;\Nthen we compared that with data
Dialogue: 0,0:13:23.81,0:13:27.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is available from the survey\Nof French cultural practices,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.37,0:13:30.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on which you have \Nexactly the same type of data.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.24,0:13:33.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With the children, we produced\Nan infographic at this time.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.87,0:13:37.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I am really bad at math,\NI got a 7,5 on the Bac,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.51,0:13:40.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I found myself explaining\Nthe concept and calculation
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.59,0:13:43.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of averages using a spreadsheet,\Nwhich was rather surprising.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.51,0:13:45.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I explained how it works.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.36,0:13:49.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We emerged with an infographic\Nand we were able on this occasion,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.50,0:13:53.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that this is the important point,\Nto develop a culture of critical thought.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.14,0:13:56.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I explained to them about data,\Nhow it is used,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.52,0:13:58.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how they can use it,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.30,0:14:00.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how it controls us in a certain way,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.91,0:14:03.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that we can also take back\Nthe power over data.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.73,0:14:06.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I assure you that with a topic\Nas attractive as cinema
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.73,0:14:08.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can deliver this kind of message
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.70,0:14:10.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and have a discussion on these questions.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.06,0:14:15.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I hope that I have convinced you\Nthat it is necessary today
Dialogue: 0,0:14:15.20,0:14:17.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to take a step back with regard to data,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.22,0:14:20.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to develop a culture of critical thought,\Nto understand
Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.52,0:14:23.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how it is produced \Nand how you can use it,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.57,0:14:26.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to prevent data from being forced on you.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.81,0:14:29.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So from today, \Nget your hands dirty,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:29.55,0:14:32.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,find a sherpa,\Nall of the resources are online,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:32.29,0:14:34.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and go on a data expedition.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:34.12,0:14:35.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.31,0:14:36.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)