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Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.79,0:00:08.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Marc van Oostendorp) So this is how \Nwe have got more insight
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.86,0:00:11.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into how the language \Nreally works in the brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.60,0:00:17.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is how we got more insight in \Nthis particular miracle of human language.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.95,0:00:24.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We just concluded now another video.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.47,0:00:27.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're just filming now, we're here\Nin the studio filming
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.39,0:00:31.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,basically the last thing we have to film\Nfor the new module,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.48,0:00:34.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which will be about \Nlanguage and the brain, of this MOOC,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.41,0:00:39.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while you have been studying and \Nworking very hard on the first week,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.86,0:00:42.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you've been doing great,\Nyou've been doing fantastic:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.74,0:00:45.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for instance in our discussion forum
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.21,0:00:48.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there have been many very interesting \Ndiscussions going on already.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.33,0:00:53.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I like particularly the discussion \Nabout Esperanto.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.52,0:00:58.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Esperanto: a constructed language, meaning\Na language which didn't exist
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.31,0:01:02.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until the mid 19th century, when it was\Nmade up, basically, by one person,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.56,0:01:08.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Zamenhof, and now, there are a few people\Nwho speak it natively,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.80,0:01:10.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and people have been wondering what does this mean?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.74,0:01:12.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is that now a natural language?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.44,0:01:14.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is it a natural language like any other language?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.61,0:01:18.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have to admit to you this question\Ncomes close to my heart,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.79,0:01:22.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also because I learned Esperanto \Nas a child myself.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.72,0:01:26.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not really a native speaker, but\NI come quite close, maybe,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.77,0:01:29.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to being a native speaker of Esperanto,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.76,0:01:32.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I'm very interested \Nin the question myself.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.28,0:01:36.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's not true what some of you say\Nthat linguists generally think
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.54,0:01:38.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it doesn't count \Nas a natural language.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.27,0:01:41.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a little bit different, \Nbut Esperanto, it's true,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.62,0:01:45.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it has people who speak it natively\Nor quasi-natively,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.20,0:01:49.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it has a community of speakers,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.67,0:01:52.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people use it for all different kinds \Nof purposes.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.97,0:01:59.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it definitively, at least, comes very \Nclose to being a native human language.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.75,0:02:04.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But on the other hand, it is also \Na little bit different.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.85,0:02:05.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to admit that.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.80,0:02:08.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is no village, there is no town
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.15,0:02:12.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is no community of people \Nliving together and using that language
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.24,0:02:13.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in everyday life.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.66,0:02:18.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is no bakery where people go to\Nand order their bread in Esperanto.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.32,0:02:25.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, this difference between natural and\Nartificial, constructed language
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.55,0:02:28.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is not just an opposition, \Nit's more like a scale
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.45,0:02:32.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Esperanto definitely is somewhere\Nthere on that scale.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.95,0:02:37.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some people have also asked about\NSign Language.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.84,0:02:42.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we count Esperanto as not being\Na full human language,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.84,0:02:45.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a full natural language, what about\NSign Language, then?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.43,0:02:48.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's true that some of the things \NI've now said
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.09,0:02:51.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are also true for Sign Languages.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.59,0:02:56.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For instance, also for Sign Languages,\Nthere usually is not just some community
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.37,0:03:01.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of people living together in one place\Nand only using a Sign Language.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.58,0:03:05.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's also very few bakers, \Nbakery shops,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.31,0:03:08.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where you can go and buy you bread\Nin Sign Language.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.97,0:03:10.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they have certain things in common.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.80,0:03:14.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Sign Language is just \Nyet another point
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.19,0:03:20.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on this large scale of natural versus\Nartificial languages.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.59,0:03:26.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's my take on this, it's definitely\Nalso not the last word to be said on this:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.34,0:03:29.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the last word to be said on this,\Nyou can say it.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.04,0:03:33.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Go to the forum, go to the Coursera page\Nand talk about this further.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.57,0:03:37.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would love to join, and I'm\Nprobably going to join you as well
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.38,0:03:38.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this discussion.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.51,0:03:44.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then, see you next week, see you\Nnext week for the second module already,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.64,0:03:47.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a module where we're going \Nto talk about sounds.