[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.32,0:00:12.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there is this part about the Inuit, where this guy, Graeber,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.61,0:00:16.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,explains the remarkable experience of one anthropologist (Freuchen)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.85,0:00:20.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who meets with Eskimo people,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.06,0:00:26.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,goes fishing with them, and comes back empty-handed.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.65,0:00:31.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He hasn't caught much, and as he comes back to his shelter,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.78,0:00:36.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he finds plenty of fish, because another one, who caught a great deal,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.78,0:00:41.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has piled some and given it to him. So naturally he thanks him.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.19,0:00:45.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the other one gets offensed and says: “Do not ever thank me for this”.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.72,0:00:47.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Inuit answers him:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.83,0:00:50.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“Up in our country we are human!” the hunter said.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.15,0:00:54.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“And since we are humane we help each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.13,0:01:00.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We do not like hearing thanks, for such matters.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.24,0:01:03.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I have today, you could have tomorrow.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.08,0:01:08.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Up here we say that by gifts one makes slaves...
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.31,0:01:14.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and by whips one makes dogs.”
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.80,0:01:18.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You need to hear the explanation in order to really grasp how powerful this is...
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.86,0:01:21.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then, it's worth reading again and again a dozen times,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.47,0:01:24.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's astonishing really, profound.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.49,0:01:27.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“The last sentence is a bit of a classical wording of anthropology,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.49,0:01:31.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and one will find similar refusals of accounting credits and debits...”
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.48,0:01:35.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— refusal to calculate credits and debits! —
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.50,0:01:37.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“... throughout the anthropological literature
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.41,0:01:39.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on egalitarian hunting societies.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.94,0:01:41.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Far from seeing himself as human
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.64,0:01:44.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of his ability to calculate economics,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.34,0:01:47.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the hunter asserts that we are truly human
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.18,0:01:50.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we refuse to do this sort of calculations.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.68,0:01:56.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we refuse to measure or memorize, who gave what,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.82,0:01:59.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to whom, precisely because those behaviors
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.61,0:02:01.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,inevitably create a world
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.65,0:02:06.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we will undertake comparing power to power
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.36,0:02:08.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,measure them,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.94,0:02:11.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,calculate,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.52,0:02:16.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and reduce ourselves, progressively, mutually, to a state of slavery...
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.80,0:02:18.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or that of dogs, a debt bondage.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.54,0:02:23.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not that this man, like untold millions of similar
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.70,0:02:26.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,egalitarian spirits throughout history...
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.06,0:02:27.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not that this man was unaware
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.52,0:02:29.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that humans have a propensity to calculate.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.52,0:02:32.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Had he not known, he couldn't have digressed the way he did.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.75,0:02:34.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Indeed we are enclined to calculate.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.10,0:02:36.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have all sorts of inclinations.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.91,0:02:39.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In any situation of the everyday life,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.01,0:02:41.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are enclined in many ways that simultaneously
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.58,0:02:44.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,drive us in different directions, often contradictory.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.26,0:02:46.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,None of them is truer than the other.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.09,0:02:50.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which do we chose as the foundation of our humanity,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.09,0:02:52.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and put at the ground of our civilization ?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.14,0:02:53.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Such is the real question.”
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.49,0:02:56.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so lately, that's not too long ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.96,0:02:58.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's been two, three hundred years...
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.50,0:03:01.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the last 300 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.12,0:03:05.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,merchants have colonized our collective psyche!
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.47,0:03:07.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we account for debits and credits!
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.72,0:03:13.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A merchant, doing his transaction...
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.25,0:03:16.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as we pay, we negate the relationship between individuals.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.51,0:03:19.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is a relationship during the transaction,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.64,0:03:22.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until payment puts and end to it,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.66,0:03:24.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we become strangers again.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.34,0:03:26.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whereas humans, since the dawn of time
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.91,0:03:28.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— as anthropologists explain, it's amazing! —,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.57,0:03:32.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's that humans, before merchants colonized us
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.92,0:03:34.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and dehumanize us,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.28,0:03:39.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,humans knew how crucial were those mindful acknowledgments;
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.67,0:03:43.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the acceptance of perpetual dependency and reciprocity.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.86,0:03:45.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so when we...
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.45,0:03:50.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That which predates money, isn't barter:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.35,0:03:54.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,barter had no use but to conciliate strangers on a transaction.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.99,0:03:57.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, a society with no boundary for the future,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.77,0:04:00.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,aiming at living together, didn't swap.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.84,0:04:03.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We used to lend things:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.02,0:04:06.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“okay, you need this tool, I'll lend it to you,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.51,0:04:07.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sure, just use it“,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.87,0:04:10.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the Inuit says, “you need it, it's yours, take it,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.37,0:04:15.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,well, yes I lend you some... And you will return,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.18,0:04:17.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you might give a little more back, or you might give a little less...”.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.78,0:04:19.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They never give back exactly the same amount,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.96,0:04:25.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thus always leaving a small obligation that ensures we don't rip each other's faces...