[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.51,0:00:01.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the ocean,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.54,0:00:03.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what is the common point
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.38,0:00:09.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between oil, plastic and radioactivity?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.15,0:00:14.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the top line, this is the BP oil spill:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.36,0:00:16.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,billions of barrels of oil gushing
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.39,0:00:17.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the Gulf of Mexico.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.76,0:00:19.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The middle line is millions of tons of
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.93,0:00:22.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,plastic debris accumulating in our ocean,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.34,0:00:25.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the third line is radioactive material
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.06,0:00:27.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leaking from Fukushima nuclear power plant
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.35,0:00:28.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the Pacific Ocean.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.69,0:00:33.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, the three big problems have in common
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.27,0:00:36.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they are man-made problems
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.09,0:00:38.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they are controlled by natural forces.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.14,0:00:42.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This should make us feel very, terribly awful
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.55,0:00:44.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as much as it should make us feel hopeful,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.88,0:00:47.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because if we have the power to create these problems,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.69,0:00:49.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we may as well have the power
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.37,0:00:50.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to remediate these problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.80,0:00:52.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what about natural forces?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.74,0:00:55.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, that's exactly what I want to talk about today,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.73,0:00:58.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is how we can use these natural forces
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.03,0:01:03.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to remediate these man-made problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.26,0:01:04.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When the BP oil spill happened,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.48,0:01:07.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was working at MIT, and I was in charge
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.25,0:01:09.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of developing an oil spill-cleaning technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.64,0:01:13.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I had a chance to go in the Gulf of Mexico
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.06,0:01:15.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and meet some fishermen and see
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.39,0:01:17.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the terrible conditions in which they were working.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.18,0:01:20.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,More than 700 of these boats,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.26,0:01:22.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are fishermen boats repurposed
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.57,0:01:25.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with oil absorbent in white
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.03,0:01:27.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and oil containment in orange, were used,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.43,0:01:30.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they only collected three percent of the oil on the surface,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.69,0:01:32.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the health of the cleaners
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.40,0:01:34.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were very deeply affected.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.31,0:01:38.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was working on a very interesting technology
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.31,0:01:40.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at MIT, but it was a very long-term view
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.62,0:01:42.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of how to develop technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.05,0:01:44.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it was going to be a very expensive technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.57,0:01:47.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also it would be patented.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.02,0:01:49.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I wanted to develop something that we could
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.65,0:01:53.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,develop very fast, that would be cheap,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.05,0:01:55.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that would be open-source, so, because
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.49,0:01:57.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,oil spills are not only happening in the Gulf of Mexico,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.66,0:02:00.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that would be using renewable energy.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.27,0:02:02.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I quit my dream job,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.67,0:02:04.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I moved to New Orleans,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.29,0:02:07.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I kept on studying how the oil spill was happening.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.23,0:02:09.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Currently, what they were doing is
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.30,0:02:10.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they were using these small fishing boats,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.95,0:02:14.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they were cleaning clean lines in an ocean of dirt.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.11,0:02:17.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you're using the exact same amount of surface
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.82,0:02:19.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of oil absorbent, but you're just paying attention
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.98,0:02:22.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to natural patterns, and if you're going up the winds,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.31,0:02:24.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can collect a lot more material.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.08,0:02:26.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you're multiplying the rig,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.20,0:02:28.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so you multiply how many layers of absorbent
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.77,0:02:30.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're using, you can collect a lot more.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.67,0:02:33.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's extremely difficult to move oil absorbent
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.28,0:02:36.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,against the winds, the surface currents and the waves.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.91,0:02:38.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are enormous forces.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.37,0:02:41.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the very simple idea was to use the ancient technique
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.39,0:02:43.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of sailing and tacking of the wind
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.65,0:02:46.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to capture or intercept the oil
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.26,0:02:47.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is drifting down the wind.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.61,0:02:51.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this didn't require any invention.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.10,0:02:52.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We just took a simple sailing boat
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.81,0:02:54.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we tried to pull something long and heavy,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.70,0:02:57.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but as we tacked back and forth,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.02,0:02:58.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what we lost was two things:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.69,0:03:02.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we were losing pulling power and direction.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.06,0:03:05.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, I thought, what about if we just take the rudder
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.90,0:03:07.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the back of the boat to the front,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.41,0:03:09.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would we have better control?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.15,0:03:11.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I built this small sailing robot
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.37,0:03:12.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the rudder at the front,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.62,0:03:15.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I was trying to pull something very long and heavy,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.08,0:03:18.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that's a four-meter-long object just to pull,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.29,0:03:21.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I was surprised with just a 14-centimeter rudder,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.20,0:03:23.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I could control four meters of absorbent.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.55,0:03:27.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then I was so happy that I kept playing with the robot,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.37,0:03:29.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so you see the robot has
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.83,0:03:31.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a front rudder here.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.50,0:03:32.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Normally it's at the back.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.72,0:03:36.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, playing, I realized that the maneuverability
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.33,0:03:37.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of this was really amazing,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.61,0:03:39.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I could avoid an obstacle at the very last second,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.54,0:03:41.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more maneuverable than a normal boat.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.21,0:03:44.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then I started publishing online, and
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.08,0:03:46.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some friends from Korea, they started being
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.99,0:03:48.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,interested in this, and we made a boat
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.72,0:03:50.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which has a front rudder and a back rudder,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.53,0:03:52.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we started interacting with this,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.58,0:03:54.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it was slightly better,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.70,0:03:56.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,although it was very small and a bit off balance,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.63,0:03:57.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but then we thought,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.71,0:03:59.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what if we have more than two points of control?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.60,0:04:01.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if the entire boat becomes a point of control?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.59,0:04:03.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if the entire boat changes shape?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.71,0:04:06.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So — (Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.15,0:04:08.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much. (Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.04,0:04:10.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so that's the beginning of Protei,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.63,0:04:12.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's the first boat in history
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.27,0:04:13.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that completely changed the shape of the hull
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.89,0:04:15.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to control it,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.06,0:04:17.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the properties of sailing that we get
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.95,0:04:20.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are very superior compared to a normal boat.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.85,0:04:23.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we're turning, we have the feeling of surfing,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.50,0:04:27.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the way it's going up-wind, it's very efficient.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.62,0:04:30.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is low speed, low wind speed,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.32,0:04:32.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the maneuverability is very increased,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.39,0:04:34.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and here I'm going to do a small jibe,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.70,0:04:36.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and look at the position of the sail.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.80,0:04:40.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's happening is that, because the boat changes shape,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.40,0:04:42.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the position of the front sail and the main sail
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.74,0:04:43.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are different to the wind.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.91,0:04:45.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're catching wind from both sides.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.80,0:04:48.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is exactly what we're looking [for]
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.06,0:04:49.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we want to pull something long and heavy.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.84,0:04:52.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't want to lose pulling power, nor direction.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.23,0:04:55.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I wanted to know if this was possible
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.07,0:04:56.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to put this at an industrial level,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.54,0:04:59.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we made a large boat with a large sail,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.05,0:05:01.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and with a very light hull, inflatable,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.75,0:05:03.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very small footprint,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.25,0:05:06.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we have a very big size and power ratio.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.08,0:05:09.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After this, we wanted to see if we could
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.31,0:05:11.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,implement this and automate the system,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.60,0:05:13.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we used the same system but we added
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.28,0:05:15.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a structure to it so we could activate the machine.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.65,0:05:18.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, we used the same bladder-inflated system,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.86,0:05:20.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we took it for testing.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.84,0:05:23.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is happening in the Netherlands.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.16,0:05:25.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We tried in the water without any skin or ballast
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.69,0:05:28.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just to see how it works.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.26,0:05:30.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then we mounted a camera for controlling it,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.94,0:05:33.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but quickly we saw that we would need
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.84,0:05:35.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a lot more weight at the bottom,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.99,0:05:37.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we had to take it back to the lab,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.53,0:05:39.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then we built a skin around it,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.62,0:05:42.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we put batteries, remote controllers, and then
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.90,0:05:44.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we put it in the water and then we
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.35,0:05:47.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let it go in the water and see how well it would work,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.51,0:05:50.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so let some rope out, and hope it's going to work,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.94,0:05:54.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it worked okay, but we still have a long way.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.16,0:05:56.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our small prototype has given us good insight
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.60,0:05:57.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it's working very well,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.94,0:06:00.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we still need to work a lot more on this.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.63,0:06:04.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what we are doing is an accelerated evolution
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.50,0:06:05.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of sailing technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.94,0:06:07.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We went from a back rudder to a front rudder
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.87,0:06:09.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to two rudders to multiple rudders
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.88,0:06:11.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the whole boat changing shape,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.55,0:06:13.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the more we are moving forward,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.41,0:06:19.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the more the design looks simple and cute. (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.46,0:06:21.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I wanted to show you a fish because --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.83,0:06:24.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, it's very different from a fish.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.90,0:06:29.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A fish will move because -- by changing like this,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.30,0:06:32.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but our boat is propelled by the wind still,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.40,0:06:34.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the hull controls the trajectory.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.81,0:06:38.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I brought to you for the first time on the TED stage
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.46,0:06:40.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Protei Number Eight. It's not the last one,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.85,0:06:43.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's a good one for making demos.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.10,0:06:45.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the first thing as I show you in the video is
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.37,0:06:49.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we may be able to control the trajectory
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.36,0:06:50.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a sailing boat better,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.82,0:06:53.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or we may be able to never be in irons,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.89,0:06:55.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so never facing the wind,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.19,0:06:57.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we always can catch the wind from both sides.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.30,0:06:59.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But new properties of a sailing boat.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.86,0:07:04.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if you're looking at the boat from this side,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.12,0:07:06.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this might remind you of an airplane profile.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.32,0:07:08.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An airplane, when you're moving in this direction,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.74,0:07:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,starts to lift, and that's how it takes off.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.00,0:07:13.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, if you're taking the same system,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.18,0:07:15.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you're putting vertical, you're bending,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.55,0:07:17.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if you're moving this way forward,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.55,0:07:20.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your instinct will tell you that you might go this way,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.67,0:07:22.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but if you're moving fast enough,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.48,0:07:24.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you might create what we call lateral lift,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.50,0:07:27.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we could get further or closer to the wind.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.42,0:07:30.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Other property is this:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.37,0:07:33.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A normal sailing boat has a centerboard here
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.53,0:07:35.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a rudder at the back,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.52,0:07:38.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these two things are what creates most
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.07,0:07:40.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,resistance and turbulence behind the boat,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.72,0:07:42.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but because this doesn't have either
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.100,0:07:44.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a centerboard or a rudder,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.53,0:07:47.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we hope that if we keep working on this hull design
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.40,0:07:49.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can improve and have less resistance.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.60,0:07:52.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The other thing is, most boats, when they reach
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.25,0:07:54.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a certain speed, and they are going on waves,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.48,0:07:56.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they start to hit and slap on the surface of the water,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.91,0:08:00.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a lot of the energy moving forward is lost.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.21,0:08:02.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if we're going with the flow,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.30,0:08:04.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we pay attention to natural patterns
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.44,0:08:06.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead of trying to be strong,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.05,0:08:08.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but if you're going with the flow, we may absorb
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.44,0:08:11.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a lot of environmental noises, so the wave energy,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.64,0:08:14.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to actually save some energy to move forward.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.80,0:08:18.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we may have developed the technology
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.95,0:08:21.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is very efficient for pulling something long and heavy,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.62,0:08:25.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the idea is, what is the purpose of technology
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.83,0:08:27.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if it doesn't reach the right hands?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.78,0:08:30.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Normal technology or innovation happens like this:
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.73,0:08:33.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Somebody has an interesting idea,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.16,0:08:35.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some other scientist or engineer,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.12,0:08:37.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they take it to the next level, they make a theory about it
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.62,0:08:38.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and maybe they patent it,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.88,0:08:41.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then some industry will make a contract
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.41,0:08:44.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of exclusivity to manufacture and sell it,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.56,0:08:46.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then, eventually, a buyer will buy it,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.65,0:08:49.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we hope that they are going to use [it] for a good purpose.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.42,0:08:53.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we really want is that this innovation happens
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.12,0:08:55.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,continuously. The inventor and engineers
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.45,0:08:57.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also the manufacturers and everybody
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.19,0:08:59.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,works at the same time, but this would be sterile
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.57,0:09:03.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if this was happening in a parallel and uncrossed process.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.21,0:09:05.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What you really want is not a sequential,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.25,0:09:06.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not parallel development.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.64,0:09:08.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You want to have a network of innovation.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.25,0:09:10.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You want everybody, like we're doing now,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.33,0:09:13.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to work at the same time, and that can only happen
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.50,0:09:16.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if these people all together decide to share the information,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.89,0:09:19.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's exactly what open hardware is about.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.83,0:09:23.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's to replace competition by collaboration.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.50,0:09:27.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's to transform any new product into a new market.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.65,0:09:30.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what is open hardware?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.09,0:09:31.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Essentially, open hardware is a license.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.87,0:09:33.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's just an intellectual property setup.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.94,0:09:36.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It means that everybody is free to use,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.97,0:09:40.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,modify and distribute, and in exchange
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.12,0:09:41.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we only ask for two things:
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.40,0:09:43.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The name is credited -- the name of the project --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.49,0:09:46.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also the people who make improvement,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.23,0:09:47.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they share back with the community.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.56,0:09:48.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's a very simple condition.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.89,0:09:52.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I started this project alone in a garage in New Orleans,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.92,0:09:55.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but quickly after I wanted to publish and share
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.09,0:09:56.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this information, so I made a Kickstarter,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.84,0:09:59.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is a crowd-fundraising platform,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.08,0:10:01.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in about one month we fundraised 30,000 dollars.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.51,0:10:04.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With this money, I hired a team of young engineers
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.82,0:10:07.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from all over the world, and we rented a factory
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.35,0:10:08.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Rotterdam in the Netherlands.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.87,0:10:12.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were peer-learning, we were engineering,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.03,0:10:15.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we were making things, prototyping,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.21,0:10:17.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but most importantly we were trying our prototypes
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.44,0:10:19.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the water as often as possible,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.13,0:10:22.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to fail as quickly as possible, to learn from.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.28,0:10:24.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a proud member of Protei from Korea,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.80,0:10:27.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and on the right side, this is a multiple-masts
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.26,0:10:29.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,design proposed by a team in Mexico.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.19,0:10:32.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This idea really appealed to Gabriella Levine
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.37,0:10:34.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in New York, and so she decided to prototype
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.97,0:10:37.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this idea that she saw, and she documented
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.50,0:10:38.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every step of the process,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.93,0:10:41.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she published it on Instructables,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.18,0:10:43.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is a website for sharing inventions.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.41,0:10:45.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Less than one week after,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.30,0:10:49.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is a team in Eindhoven, it's a school of engineering.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.31,0:10:51.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They made it, but they eventually published
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.64,0:10:52.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a simplified design.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.77,0:10:54.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They also made it into an Instructable,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.70,0:10:56.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in less than one week, they had
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.43,0:10:59.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,almost 10,000 views, and they got many new friends.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.19,0:11:02.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're working on also simpler technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.10,0:11:04.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not that complex, with younger people
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.05,0:11:05.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also older people,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.62,0:11:08.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like this dinosaur is from Mexico. (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.77,0:11:11.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Protei is now an international network
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.58,0:11:14.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of innovation for selling technology
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.43,0:11:16.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using this shape-shifting hull.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.22,0:11:20.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what puts us together is that we have a common,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.26,0:11:23.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at least, global understanding
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.05,0:11:26.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of what the word "business" is, or what it should be.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.12,0:11:28.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is how most work today.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.35,0:11:30.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Business as usual is saying, what's most important
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.73,0:11:32.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to make lots of profit, and you'll be using
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.97,0:11:35.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,technology for that, and people will be your work force,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.79,0:11:37.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instrumentalized,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.04,0:11:39.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and environment is usually the last priority.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.71,0:11:43.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It will be just a way to, say, greenwash your audience
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.59,0:11:45.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, say, increase your price tag.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.82,0:11:48.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we're trying to do, or what we believe,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.35,0:11:50.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because this is how we believe the world really works,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.76,0:11:52.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that without the environment you have nothing.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.94,0:11:55.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have the people so we need to protect each other, yes,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.82,0:11:57.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're a technology company,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.48,0:12:02.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and profit is necessary to make this happen. (Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.67,0:12:06.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much. (Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.27,0:12:10.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we have the courage to understand or accept
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.36,0:12:12.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that this actually how the world really works,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.28,0:12:15.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is the order of priority that we need to choose,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.29,0:12:17.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then it makes obvious why we need
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.43,0:12:19.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to choose open hardware for developing environmental
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.77,0:12:21.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,technology, because we need to share information.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.65,0:12:23.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's next for us?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.73,0:12:26.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, this small machine that you've seen,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.27,0:12:28.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're hoping to make small toys like
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.41,0:12:31.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one-meter remote control Protei that you can upgrade --
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.90,0:12:34.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so replace the remote control parts by Androids,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.89,0:12:38.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so the mobile phone, and Arduino micro-controller,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.67,0:12:39.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so you could be controlling this
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.89,0:12:41.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from your mobile phone, your tablet.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.38,0:12:44.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then what we want to do is create six-meter versions
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.95,0:12:47.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we can test the maximum performance of these machines,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.27,0:12:48.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we can go at very, very high speed.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.84,0:12:50.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So imagine yourself.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.10,0:12:53.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You are laying down in a flexible torpedo,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.29,0:12:54.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sailing at high speed,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.78,0:12:56.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,controlling the shape of the hull with your legs
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.62,0:12:59.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and controlling the sail with your arms.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.29,0:13:03.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's what we're looking for developing. (Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.61,0:13:05.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we replace the human being --
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.83,0:13:07.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to go, for example, for measuring radioactivity,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.97,0:13:10.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you don't want a human to be sailing those robots --
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.15,0:13:13.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with batteries, motors, micro-controllers and sensors.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.48,0:13:17.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is what our teammates, we dream of at night.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.42,0:13:20.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We hope that we can sometime clean up oil spills,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.07,0:13:24.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or we can gather or collect plastic in the ocean,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.05,0:13:27.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or we can have swarms of our machines
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.48,0:13:30.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,controlled by multi-player video game engines
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.66,0:13:32.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to control many of these machines,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.61,0:13:34.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to monitor coral reefs
Dialogue: 0,0:13:34.36,0:13:36.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or to monitor fisheries.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.50,0:13:40.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our hope is that we can use open hardware technology
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.99,0:13:44.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to better understand and protect our oceans.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.52,0:13:48.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much. (Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.24,0:14:07.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)