[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.14,0:00:03.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Across Europe and Central Asia,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.87,0:00:06.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,approximately one million children live in large
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.43,0:00:10.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,residential institutions, usually known as orphanages.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.53,0:00:13.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most people imagine orphanages as a benign environment
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.59,0:00:15.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that care for children.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.26,0:00:18.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Others know more about the living conditions there,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.49,0:00:20.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but still think they're a necessary evil.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.94,0:00:24.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After all, where else would we put all of those children
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.34,0:00:26.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who don't have any parents?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.49,0:00:29.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But 60 years of research has demonstrated
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.96,0:00:32.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that separating children from their families
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.21,0:00:34.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and placing them in large institutions
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.56,0:00:37.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,seriously harms their health and development,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.40,0:00:40.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is particularly true for young babies.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.88,0:00:43.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As we know, babies are born
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.03,0:00:45.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without their full muscle development,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.79,0:00:47.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that includes the brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.71,0:00:50.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,During the first three years of life, the brain grows
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.37,0:00:53.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to its full size, with most of that growth taking place
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.14,0:00:55.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the first six months. The brain develops
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.76,0:00:58.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in response to experience and to stimulation.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.99,0:01:02.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every time a young baby learns something new --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.80,0:01:04.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to focus its eyes,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.33,0:01:07.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to mimic a movement or a facial expression,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.32,0:01:11.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to pick something up, to form a word or to sit up --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.31,0:01:14.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,new synaptic connections are being built in the brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.89,0:01:18.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,New parents are astonished by the rapidity of this learning.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.99,0:01:23.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are quite rightly amazed and delighted by their children's cleverness.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.90,0:01:26.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They communicate their delight to their children,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.48,0:01:28.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who respond with smiles,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.20,0:01:32.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a desire to achieve more and to learn more.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.60,0:01:36.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This forming of the powerful attachment between child and parent
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.35,0:01:39.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,provides the building blocks for physical, social,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.56,0:01:43.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,language, cognitive and psychomotor development.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.07,0:01:47.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is the model for all future relationships with friends,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.28,0:01:50.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with partners and with their own children.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.52,0:01:52.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It happens so naturally in most families
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.94,0:01:56.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we don't even notice it. Most of us are unaware
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.04,0:01:59.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of its importance to human development and, by extension,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.47,0:02:02.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the development of a healthy society.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.37,0:02:04.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's only when it goes wrong that we start to realize
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.91,0:02:07.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the importance of families to children.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.92,0:02:11.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In August, 1993, I had my first opportunity to witness
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.86,0:02:16.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on a massive scale the impact on children
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.02,0:02:20.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of institutionalization and the absence of parenting.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.42,0:02:22.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those of us who remember the newspaper reports
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.86,0:02:26.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that came out of Romania after the 1989 revolution
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.11,0:02:30.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will recall the horrors of the conditions in some of those institutions.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.53,0:02:33.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was asked to help the director of a large institution to
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.29,0:02:37.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,help prevent the separation of children from their families.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.25,0:02:41.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Housing 550 babies, this was Ceausescu's show orphanage,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.44,0:02:44.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so I'd been told the conditions were much better.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.36,0:02:46.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Having worked with lots of young children, I expected
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.81,0:02:49.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the institution to be a riot of noise,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.42,0:02:51.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it was as silent as a convent.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.28,0:02:54.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was hard to believe there were any children there at all,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.73,0:02:57.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,yet the director showed me into room after room,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.37,0:03:00.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,each containing row upon row of cots,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.38,0:03:06.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in each of which lay a child staring into space.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.40,0:03:10.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In a room of 40 newborns, not one of them was crying.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.05,0:03:12.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yet I could see soiled nappies, and I could see
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.09,0:03:13.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that some of the children were distressed,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.66,0:03:17.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the only noise was a low, continuous moan.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.50,0:03:19.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The head nurse told me proudly,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.60,0:03:22.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"You see, our children are very well-behaved."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.82,0:03:25.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over the next few days, I began to realize
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.57,0:03:27.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that this quietness was not exceptional.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.63,0:03:31.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The newly admitted babies would cry for the first few hours,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.40,0:03:33.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but their demands were not met, and so eventually
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.39,0:03:36.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they learned not to bother. Within a few days,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.07,0:03:39.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were listless, lethargic, and staring into space
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.57,0:03:41.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like all the others.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.39,0:03:44.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over the years, many people and news reports
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.31,0:03:46.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have blamed the personnel in the institutions
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.48,0:03:49.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the harm caused to the children, but often, one member
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.34,0:03:53.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of staff is caring for 10, 20, and even 40 children.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.90,0:03:57.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hence they have no option but to implement a regimented program.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.96,0:04:01.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The children must be woken at 7 and fed at 7:30.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.84,0:04:04.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At 8, their nappies must be changed, so a staff member
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.35,0:04:07.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,may have only 30 minutes to feed 10 or 20 children.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.72,0:04:11.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If a child soils its nappy at 8:30, he will have to wait
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.41,0:04:14.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,several hours before it can be changed again.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.37,0:04:17.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The child's daily contact with another human being
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.02,0:04:21.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is reduced to a few hurried minutes of feeding and changing,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.49,0:04:24.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and otherwise their only stimulation is the ceiling,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.39,0:04:28.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the walls or the bars of their cots.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.52,0:04:31.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since my first visit to Ceausescu's institution,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.42,0:04:34.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've seen hundreds of such places across 18 countries,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.55,0:04:37.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the Czech Republic to Sudan.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.34,0:04:40.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Across all of these diverse lands and cultures,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.33,0:04:43.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the institutions, and the child's journey through them,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.62,0:04:46.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is depressingly similar.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.22,0:04:49.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lack of stimulation often leads to self-stimulating behaviors
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.33,0:04:52.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like hand-flapping, rocking back and forth,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.27,0:04:56.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or aggression, and in some institutions, psychiatric drugs
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.08,0:04:58.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are used to control the behavior of these children,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.91,0:05:01.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whilst in others, children are tied up to prevent them
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.11,0:05:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from harming themselves or others.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.00,0:05:06.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These children are quickly labeled as having disabilities
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.49,0:05:09.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and transferred to another institution for children with disabilities.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.93,0:05:14.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of these children will never leave the institution again.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.27,0:05:16.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For those without disabilities, at age three,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.93,0:05:19.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're transferred to another institution, and at age seven,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.48,0:05:23.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to yet another. Segregated according to age and gender,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.43,0:05:25.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they are arbitrarily separated from their siblings,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.98,0:05:29.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,often without even a chance to say goodbye.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.87,0:05:32.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's rarely enough to eat. They are often hungry.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.64,0:05:35.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The older children bully the little ones. They learn to
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.36,0:05:38.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,survive. They learn to defend themselves, or they go under.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.70,0:05:42.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When they leave the institution, they find it really difficult
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.26,0:05:45.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to cope and to integrate into society.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.56,0:05:48.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Moldova, young women raised in institutions
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.81,0:05:52.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are 10 times more likely to be trafficked than their peers,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.82,0:05:56.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a Russian study found that two years after leaving institutions,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.97,0:06:01.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,young adults, 20 percent of them had a criminal record,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.33,0:06:04.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,14 percent were involved in prostitution,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.19,0:06:08.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and 10 percent had taken their own lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.75,0:06:11.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But why are there so many orphans in Europe
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.63,0:06:15.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when there hasn't been a great deal of war or disaster in recent years?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.50,0:06:20.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, more than 95 percent of these children have living parents,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.09,0:06:22.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and societies tend to blame these parents
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.08,0:06:24.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for abandoning these children, but research shows that
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.84,0:06:27.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most parents want their children, and that the primary drivers
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.96,0:06:30.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,behind institutionalization
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.28,0:06:34.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are poverty, disability and ethnicity.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.48,0:06:37.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many countries have not developed inclusive schools,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.58,0:06:40.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so even children with a very mild disability
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.28,0:06:42.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are sent away to a residential special school,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.86,0:06:44.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at age six or seven.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.66,0:06:48.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The institution may be hundreds of miles away from the family home.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.80,0:06:51.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If the family's poor, they find it difficult to visit,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.52,0:06:55.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and gradually the relationship breaks down.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.64,0:06:58.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Behind each of the million children in institutions,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.94,0:07:02.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is usually a story of parents who are desperate
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.70,0:07:07.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and feel they've run out of options, like Natalia in Moldova,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.81,0:07:10.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who only had enough money to feed her baby,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.20,0:07:13.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so had to send her older son to the institution;
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.38,0:07:16.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or Desi, in Bulgaria, who looked after her four children
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.42,0:07:19.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at home until her husband died,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.05,0:07:21.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but then she had to go out to work full time,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.30,0:07:23.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and with no support, felt she had no option
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.44,0:07:27.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but to place a child with disabilities in an institution;
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.27,0:07:30.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the countless young girls too terrified to tell their parents
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.43,0:07:34.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're pregnant, who leave their babies in a hospital;
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.01,0:07:36.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the new parents, the young couple who have
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.75,0:07:41.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just found out that their firstborn child has a disability,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.25,0:07:44.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and instead of being provided with positive messages
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.31,0:07:47.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about their child's potential, are told by the doctors,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.15,0:07:50.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Forget her, leave her in the institution,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.21,0:07:53.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,go home and make a healthy one."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.73,0:07:57.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This state of affairs is neither necessary nor is it inevitable.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.26,0:08:00.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every child has the right to a family, deserves
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.39,0:08:04.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and needs a family, and children are amazingly resilient.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.22,0:08:06.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We find that if we get them out of institutions and into loving
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.90,0:08:10.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,families early on, they recover their developmental delays,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.42,0:08:13.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and go on to lead normal, happy lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.47,0:08:17.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's also much cheaper to provide support to families
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.03,0:08:19.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than it is to provide institutions.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.55,0:08:22.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One study suggests that a family support service
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.74,0:08:25.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,costs 10 percent of an institutional placement,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.65,0:08:27.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whilst good quality foster care
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.91,0:08:30.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,costs usually about 30 percent.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.91,0:08:33.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we spend less on these children but on the right services,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.95,0:08:37.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can take the savings and reinvest them in high quality
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.91,0:08:42.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,residential care for those few children with extremely complex needs.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.56,0:08:47.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Across Europe, a movement is growing to shift the focus
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.09,0:08:49.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and transfer the resources from large institutions
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.93,0:08:53.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that provide poor quality care to community-based services
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.89,0:08:56.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that protect children from harm and allow them to develop
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.61,0:09:00.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to their full potential. When I first started to work in Romania
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.44,0:09:04.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nearly 20 years ago, there were 200,000 children living
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.22,0:09:07.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in institutions, and more entering every day.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.78,0:09:10.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, there are less than 10,000, and
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.09,0:09:13.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,family support services are provided across the country.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.54,0:09:17.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Moldova, despite extreme poverty and the terrible effects
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.32,0:09:20.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the global financial crisis, the numbers of children
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.31,0:09:23.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in institutions has reduced by more than 50 percent
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.10,0:09:26.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the last five years, and the resources are being
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.31,0:09:30.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,redistributed to family support services and inclusive schools.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.97,0:09:34.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many countries have developed national action plans for change.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.20,0:09:36.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The European Commission and other major donors
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.72,0:09:40.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are finding ways to divert money from institutions
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.20,0:09:43.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,towards family support, empowering communities
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.19,0:09:45.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to look after their own children.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.92,0:09:48.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there is still much to be done to end the systematic
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.73,0:09:51.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,institutionalization of children.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.09,0:09:54.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Awareness-raising is required at every level of society.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.16,0:09:57.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People need to know the harm that institutions cause to children,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.69,0:10:00.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the better alternatives that exist.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.65,0:10:03.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we know people who are planning to support orphanages,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.61,0:10:07.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we should convince them to support family services instead.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.65,0:10:10.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Together, this is the one form of child abuse
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.92,0:10:13.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we could eradicate in our lifetime.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.78,0:10:16.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you. (Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.37,0:10:20.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)