0:00:01.430,0:00:02.474
Good evening.

0:00:02.474,0:00:04.409
We are in this wonderful

0:00:04.409,0:00:06.289
open-air amphitheater

0:00:06.289,0:00:08.043
and we are enjoying ourselves

0:00:08.043,0:00:09.745
in that mild evening

0:00:09.745,0:00:11.033
temperature tonight,

0:00:11.033,0:00:15.350
but when Qatar will host

0:00:15.350,0:00:16.892
the football World Cup

0:00:16.892,0:00:18.737
10 years from now,

0:00:18.737,0:00:20.209
2022,

0:00:20.209,0:00:21.441
we already heard it will be

0:00:21.441,0:00:25.089
in the hot, very hot and sunny

0:00:25.089,0:00:27.433
summer months of June and July.

0:00:27.433,0:00:29.746
And when Qatar has been assigned

0:00:29.746,0:00:31.377
to the World Cup all, many

0:00:31.377,0:00:33.278
people around the world have been

0:00:33.278,0:00:34.629
wondering, how would it be

0:00:34.629,0:00:36.852
possible that football players

0:00:36.852,0:00:39.013
show spectacular football,

0:00:39.013,0:00:40.218
run around in this desert

0:00:40.218,0:00:41.749
climate? How would it be

0:00:41.749,0:00:44.644
possible that spectators sit,

0:00:44.644,0:00:47.636
enjoy themselves in open-air

0:00:47.636,0:00:50.845
stadia in this hot environment?

0:00:50.845,0:00:52.486
Together with the architects of

0:00:52.486,0:00:54.428
Albert Speer & Partner, our engineers

0:00:54.428,0:00:56.284
from Transsolar have been

0:00:56.284,0:00:58.068
supporting, have been developing

0:00:58.068,0:01:01.731
open-air stadia based on 100 percent

0:01:01.731,0:01:06.165
solar power, on 100 percent solar cooling.

0:01:06.165,0:01:07.572
Let me tell you about that,

0:01:07.572,0:01:09.236
but let me start with comfort.

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Let me start with the aspect

0:01:10.547,0:01:12.253
of comfort, because many people

0:01:12.253,0:01:15.275
are confusing

0:01:15.275,0:01:17.429
ambient temperature

0:01:17.429,0:01:19.157
with thermal comfort.

0:01:19.157,0:01:20.685
We are used to looking at charts like

0:01:20.685,0:01:22.676
that, and you see this red line

0:01:22.676,0:01:24.028
showing the air temperature

0:01:24.028,0:01:25.510
in June and July, and yes, that's right,

0:01:25.510,0:01:27.781
it's picking up to 45 degrees C.

0:01:27.781,0:01:30.621
It's actually very hot.

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But air temperature is not

0:01:33.140,0:01:34.741
the full set of climatic

0:01:34.741,0:01:37.154
parameters which define comfort.

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Let me show you analysis

0:01:39.045,0:01:42.573
a colleague of mine did looking

0:01:42.573,0:01:45.149
on different football, World Cups,

0:01:45.149,0:01:47.061
Olympic Games around the world,

0:01:47.061,0:01:48.357
looking on the comfort

0:01:48.357,0:01:49.788
and analyzing the comfort

0:01:49.788,0:01:52.588
people have perceived at these

0:01:52.588,0:01:54.292
different sport activities,

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and let me start with Mexico.

0:01:56.141,0:01:57.710
Mexico temperature has been, air

0:01:57.710,0:01:59.414
temperature has been something between

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15, up to 30 degrees C, and people

0:02:02.461,0:02:04.237
enjoyed themselves.

0:02:04.237,0:02:06.109
It was a very comfortable game

0:02:06.109,0:02:08.404
in Mexico City. Have a look.

0:02:08.404,0:02:10.837
Orlando, same kind of stadium,

0:02:10.837,0:02:13.398
open-air stadium. People have

0:02:13.398,0:02:16.142
been sitting in the strong sun,

0:02:16.142,0:02:17.989
in the very high humidity

0:02:17.989,0:02:19.104
in the afternoon, and they

0:02:19.104,0:02:20.910
did not enjoy. It was not comfortable.

0:02:20.910,0:02:22.877
The air temperature was not too high, but it was not

0:02:22.877,0:02:25.725
comfortable during these games.

0:02:25.725,0:02:27.420
What about Seoul? Seoul, because

0:02:27.420,0:02:29.852
of broadcast rights, all the

0:02:29.852,0:02:31.157
games have been in the late

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afternoon. Sun has already been

0:02:32.684,0:02:35.077
set, so the games have been

0:02:35.077,0:02:37.637
perceived as comfortable.

0:02:37.637,0:02:40.501
What about Athens? Mediterranean

0:02:40.501,0:02:42.790
climate, but in the sun it was

0:02:42.790,0:02:45.516
not comfortable. They didn't perceive comfort.

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And we know that from Spain,

0:02:47.157,0:02:49.669
we know that "sol y sombra."

0:02:49.669,0:02:51.837
If you have a ticket, and you

0:02:51.837,0:02:53.549
get a ticket for the shade,

0:02:53.549,0:02:55.757
you pay more, because you're

0:02:55.757,0:02:59.518
in a more comfortable environment.

0:02:59.518,0:03:00.797
What about Beijing?

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It's again, sun in the day

0:03:03.461,0:03:05.189
and high humidity,

0:03:05.189,0:03:06.452
and it was not comfortable.

0:03:06.452,0:03:07.732
So if I overlay, and if you

0:03:07.732,0:03:09.421
overlay all these comfort

0:03:09.421,0:03:11.340
envelopes, what we see is,

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in all these places, air temperature has

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been ranging something from 25

0:03:17.430,0:03:19.334
to 35, and if you go on

0:03:19.334,0:03:22.093
the line, 30, of 30 degrees C

0:03:22.093,0:03:23.542
ambient temperatures. If you

0:03:23.542,0:03:25.195
go along that line you see

0:03:25.195,0:03:27.716
there has been all kind of

0:03:27.716,0:03:29.949
comfort, all kinds of perceived

0:03:29.949,0:03:31.758
outdoor comfort, ranging from

0:03:31.758,0:03:32.943
very comfortable

0:03:32.943,0:03:34.814
to very uncomfortable.

0:03:34.814,0:03:37.663
So why is that?

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This is because there are

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more parameters influencing

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our thermal comfort, which is

0:03:43.352,0:03:45.745
the sun, the direct sun,

0:03:45.745,0:03:48.233
the diffuse sun, which is wind,

0:03:48.233,0:03:50.921
strong wind, mild wind, which is

0:03:50.921,0:03:53.207
air humidity, which is

0:03:53.207,0:03:55.436
the radiant temperature of the

0:03:55.436,0:03:57.543
surroundings where we are in.

0:03:57.543,0:03:59.224
And this is air temperature.

0:03:59.224,0:04:00.203
All these parameters go into

0:04:00.203,0:04:02.257
the comfort feeling of our

0:04:02.257,0:04:03.890
human body, and scientists

0:04:03.890,0:04:06.243
have developed a parameter,

0:04:06.243,0:04:07.746
which is the perceived

0:04:07.746,0:04:09.871
temperature, where all these

0:04:09.871,0:04:12.127
parameters go in and help

0:04:12.127,0:04:15.034
designers to understand

0:04:15.034,0:04:17.168
which is the driving parameter

0:04:17.168,0:04:18.800
that I feel comfort or that

0:04:18.800,0:04:20.279
I don't feel comfort.

0:04:20.279,0:04:21.912
Which is the driving parameter

0:04:21.912,0:04:23.264
which gives me a perceived

0:04:23.264,0:04:25.924
temperature? And these parameters,

0:04:25.924,0:04:27.592
these climatic parameters are

0:04:27.592,0:04:31.752
related to the human metabolism.

0:04:31.752,0:04:33.991
Because of our metabolism,

0:04:33.991,0:04:35.944
we as human beings,

0:04:35.944,0:04:37.584
we produce heat.

0:04:37.584,0:04:39.099
I'm excited, I'm talking to you,

0:04:39.099,0:04:40.745
I'm probably producing

0:04:40.745,0:04:41.856
150 watts

0:04:41.856,0:04:43.192
at the moment. You are sitting,

0:04:43.192,0:04:44.880
you are relaxed, you're looking

0:04:44.880,0:04:46.227
at me. It's probably 100

0:04:46.227,0:04:48.161
watts each person is producing,

0:04:48.161,0:04:50.160
and we need to get rid of that

0:04:50.160,0:04:51.911
energy. I need, with my body,

0:04:51.911,0:04:53.413
to get rid of the energy, and

0:04:53.413,0:04:55.384
the harder it is for myself,

0:04:55.384,0:04:57.464
for my body, to get rid of the

0:04:57.464,0:04:59.703
energy, the less comfort I feel.

0:04:59.703,0:05:02.019
That's it. And if I don't

0:05:02.019,0:05:03.161
get rid of the energy,

0:05:03.161,0:05:04.600
I will die.

0:05:04.600,0:05:08.952
If we overlay what happens

0:05:08.952,0:05:11.200
during the football World Cup,

0:05:11.200,0:05:12.969
what will happen in June, July,

0:05:12.969,0:05:13.896
we will see, yes, air

0:05:13.896,0:05:15.776
temperature will be much higher,

0:05:15.776,0:05:17.432
but because the games and

0:05:17.432,0:05:19.952
the plays will be in the afternoon,

0:05:19.952,0:05:21.785
it's probably the same comfort

0:05:21.785,0:05:23.432
rating we've found in other

0:05:23.432,0:05:24.928
places which has perceived

0:05:24.928,0:05:26.639
as non-comfortable.

0:05:26.639,0:05:28.783
So we sat together with a team

0:05:28.783,0:05:31.113
which prepared the Bid Book, or goal,

0:05:31.113,0:05:33.888
that we said, let's aim

0:05:33.888,0:05:35.847
for perceived temperature,

0:05:35.847,0:05:38.490
for outdoor comfort in this range,

0:05:38.490,0:05:40.161
which is perceived with a

0:05:40.161,0:05:43.364
temperature of 32 degrees

0:05:43.364,0:05:44.985
Celsius perceived temperature,

0:05:44.985,0:05:47.145
which is extremely comfortable.

0:05:47.145,0:05:49.738
People would feel really fine

0:05:49.738,0:05:51.632
in an open outdoor environment.

0:05:51.632,0:05:53.591
But what does it mean?

0:05:53.591,0:05:55.640
If we just look on what happens,

0:05:55.640,0:05:57.751
we see, temperature's too high.

0:05:57.751,0:06:00.544
If we apply the best architectural design,

0:06:00.544,0:06:02.008
climate engineering design,

0:06:02.008,0:06:04.111
we won't get much better.

0:06:04.111,0:06:06.832
So we need to do something active.

0:06:06.832,0:06:08.702
We need, for instance, to bring

0:06:08.702,0:06:10.798
in radiant cooling technology,

0:06:10.798,0:06:12.687
and we need to combine this

0:06:12.687,0:06:14.904
with so-called soft conditioning.

0:06:14.904,0:06:16.340
And how does it look like in a stadium?

0:06:16.340,0:06:18.668
So the stadium has a few

0:06:18.668,0:06:20.413
elements which create that

0:06:20.413,0:06:21.655
outdoor comfort. First of all,

0:06:21.655,0:06:23.891
it's shading. It needs

0:06:23.891,0:06:26.205
to protect where the people

0:06:26.205,0:06:27.869
are sitting against strong

0:06:27.869,0:06:29.068
and warm wind.

0:06:29.068,0:06:30.707
But that's not all what we need

0:06:30.707,0:06:33.718
to do. We need to use

0:06:33.718,0:06:35.887
active systems.

0:06:35.887,0:06:38.327
Instead of blowing a hurricane

0:06:38.327,0:06:40.702
of chilled air through the stadium,

0:06:40.702,0:06:42.450
we can use radiant

0:06:42.450,0:06:44.484
cooling technologies, like a

0:06:44.484,0:06:46.684
floor heating system where water

0:06:46.684,0:06:49.067
pipes are embedded in the floor.

0:06:49.067,0:06:50.885
And just by using cold water

0:06:50.885,0:06:52.213
going through the water pipes,

0:06:52.213,0:06:53.869
you can release the heat

0:06:53.869,0:06:55.949
which is absorbed during the day

0:06:55.949,0:06:57.186
in the stadium, so you can

0:06:57.186,0:06:59.069
create that comfort, and then by

0:06:59.069,0:07:01.629
adding dry air instead of

0:07:01.629,0:07:03.861
down-chilled air, the spectators

0:07:03.861,0:07:05.743
and the football players can

0:07:05.743,0:07:08.076
adjust to their individual

0:07:08.076,0:07:09.853
comfort needs, to their

0:07:09.853,0:07:11.509
individual energy balance.

0:07:11.509,0:07:13.486
They can adjust and find

0:07:13.486,0:07:15.861
their comfort they need to find.

0:07:15.861,0:07:20.317
There are 12 stadia probably

0:07:20.317,0:07:22.277
to come, but there are

0:07:22.277,0:07:24.596
32 training pitches where

0:07:24.596,0:07:26.293
all the individual countries

0:07:26.293,0:07:27.477
are going to train.

0:07:27.477,0:07:29.374
We applied the same concept:

0:07:29.374,0:07:31.604
shading of the training pitch,

0:07:31.604,0:07:34.444
using a shelter against wind,

0:07:34.444,0:07:36.333
then using the grass.

0:07:36.333,0:07:38.853
Natural-watered lawn is a

0:07:38.853,0:07:40.332
very good cooling source

0:07:40.332,0:07:41.549
stabilizing temperature,

0:07:41.549,0:07:43.485
and using dehumidified air to

0:07:43.485,0:07:44.564
create comfort.

0:07:44.564,0:07:48.438
But even the best passive design

0:07:48.438,0:07:49.184
wouldn't help.

0:07:49.184,0:07:50.194
We need active system.

0:07:50.194,0:07:51.244
And how do we do that?

0:07:51.244,0:07:53.612
Our idea for the bid was

0:07:53.612,0:07:55.349
100 percent solar cooling,

0:07:55.349,0:07:57.444
based on the idea that we use

0:07:57.444,0:07:59.084
the roof of the stadia,

0:07:59.084,0:08:01.027
we cover the roofs of the stadia

0:08:01.027,0:08:02.619
with PV systems.

0:08:02.619,0:08:05.179
We don't borrow any energy

0:08:05.179,0:08:06.603
from history.

0:08:06.603,0:08:08.396
We are not using fossil energies.

0:08:08.396,0:08:10.212
We are not borrowing energy

0:08:10.212,0:08:11.268
from our neighbors.

0:08:11.268,0:08:13.388
We're using energy we can harvest

0:08:13.388,0:08:16.148
on our roofs, and also on the

0:08:16.148,0:08:18.235
training pitches, which will be

0:08:18.235,0:08:20.907
covered with large, flexible

0:08:20.907,0:08:22.620
membranes, and we will see

0:08:22.620,0:08:24.324
in the next years an industry

0:08:24.324,0:08:25.507
coming up with flexible

0:08:25.507,0:08:27.132
photovoltaics, giving

0:08:27.132,0:08:28.909
the possibilities of shading

0:08:28.909,0:08:30.589
against strong sun and producing

0:08:30.589,0:08:33.084
electric energy in the same time.

0:08:33.084,0:08:34.795
And this energy now is

0:08:34.795,0:08:36.427
harvested throughout the year,

0:08:36.427,0:08:37.995
sent into the grid,

0:08:37.995,0:08:39.980
is replacing fossils

0:08:39.980,0:08:42.131
in the grid, and when I need it

0:08:42.131,0:08:45.028
for the cooling, I take it

0:08:45.028,0:08:46.845
back from the grid and I

0:08:46.845,0:08:49.212
use the solar energy

0:08:49.212,0:08:51.284
which I have brought to the grid

0:08:51.284,0:08:52.572
back when I need

0:08:52.572,0:08:53.404
it for the solar cooling.

0:08:53.404,0:08:54.827
And I can do that in the first

0:08:54.827,0:08:55.875
year and I can balance that

0:08:55.875,0:08:57.179
in the next 10, and the next

0:08:57.179,0:08:59.044
20 years, this energy,

0:08:59.044,0:09:01.667
which is necessary to condition

0:09:01.667,0:09:03.366
a World Cup in Qatar,

0:09:03.366,0:09:05.325
the next 20 years, this energy

0:09:05.325,0:09:07.906
goes into the grid of Qatar.

0:09:07.906,0:09:09.119
So this -- (Applause)

0:09:09.119,0:09:10.223
Thank you very much. (Applause)

0:09:10.223,0:09:12.904
This is not only useful

0:09:12.904,0:09:14.879
for stadia. We can use that also

0:09:14.879,0:09:17.288
in open-air places and streets,

0:09:17.288,0:09:18.471
and we've been working on

0:09:18.471,0:09:19.840
the City of the Future

0:09:19.840,0:09:21.227
in Masdar, which is in the

0:09:21.227,0:09:22.487
United Emirates, Abu Dhabi.

0:09:22.487,0:09:24.199
And I had the pleasure to work

0:09:24.199,0:09:25.503
on the central plaza.

0:09:25.503,0:09:27.638
And the same idea to use there,

0:09:27.638,0:09:29.344
to create outdoor conditions

0:09:29.344,0:09:30.495
which are perceived

0:09:30.495,0:09:31.751
as comfortable. People enjoy

0:09:31.751,0:09:33.951
going there instead of going

0:09:33.951,0:09:35.720
into a shopping mall, which is

0:09:35.720,0:09:36.904
chilled down and which is

0:09:36.904,0:09:38.983
cooled. We wanted to create

0:09:38.983,0:09:40.520
an outdoor space

0:09:40.520,0:09:42.487
which is so comfortable that

0:09:42.487,0:09:44.064
people can go there in the

0:09:44.064,0:09:46.188
early afternoon, even in these

0:09:46.188,0:09:48.180
sunny and hot summer months,

0:09:48.180,0:09:49.526
and they can enjoy and meet there

0:09:49.526,0:09:51.332
with their families. (Applause)

0:09:51.332,0:09:52.679
And the same concept:

0:09:52.679,0:09:54.116
shade against the sun,

0:09:54.116,0:09:55.387
shade against the wind,

0:09:55.387,0:09:59.211
and use, use and take advantage

0:09:59.211,0:10:01.924
of the sun you can harvest

0:10:01.924,0:10:03.019
on your footprint.

0:10:03.019,0:10:05.028
And these beautiful umbrellas.

0:10:05.028,0:10:09.316
So I'd like to encourage you

0:10:09.316,0:10:11.684
to pay attention to your

0:10:11.684,0:10:13.348
thermal comfort, to your

0:10:13.348,0:10:14.395
thermal environment,

0:10:14.395,0:10:17.084
tonight and tomorrow,

0:10:17.084,0:10:18.891
and if you'd like to learn more

0:10:18.891,0:10:20.013
about that, I invite you

0:10:20.013,0:10:21.292
to go to our website.

0:10:21.292,0:10:23.436
We uploaded a very simple

0:10:23.436,0:10:25.548
perceived temperature calculator

0:10:25.548,0:10:26.540
where you can check out

0:10:26.540,0:10:27.955
about your outdoor comfort.

0:10:27.955,0:10:31.427
And I also hope that you

0:10:31.427,0:10:32.749
share the idea that

0:10:32.749,0:10:34.755
if engineers and designers

0:10:34.755,0:10:36.267
can use all these different

0:10:36.267,0:10:38.228
climatic parameters,

0:10:38.228,0:10:41.235
it will be possible to create

0:10:41.235,0:10:44.324
really good and comfortable

0:10:44.324,0:10:45.604
outdoor conditions,

0:10:45.604,0:10:48.733
to change our thermal perception

0:10:48.733,0:10:50.611
that we feel comfortable

0:10:50.611,0:10:52.699
in an outdoor environment,

0:10:52.699,0:10:55.091
and we can do that

0:10:55.091,0:10:56.955
with the best passive design,

0:10:56.955,0:11:00.131
but also using the energy source

0:11:00.131,0:11:03.115
of the site in Qatar which is

0:11:03.115,0:11:03.969
the sun.

0:11:03.969,0:11:06.485
(Applause)

0:11:06.485,0:11:08.010
Thank you very much. (Applause)

0:11:08.010,0:11:10.714
Shukran. (Applause)