WEBVTT 00:00:01.492 --> 00:00:03.959 I thought I would start with a very brief 00:00:03.959 --> 00:00:06.099 history of cities. 00:00:06.099 --> 00:00:08.295 Settlements typically began 00:00:08.295 --> 00:00:11.156 with people clustered around a well, and the size 00:00:11.156 --> 00:00:13.926 of that settlement was roughly the distance you could walk 00:00:13.926 --> 00:00:15.693 with a pot of water on your head. 00:00:15.693 --> 00:00:19.540 In fact, if you fly over Germany, for example, 00:00:19.540 --> 00:00:21.015 and you look down and you see these hundreds 00:00:21.015 --> 00:00:23.989 of little villages, they're all about a mile apart. 00:00:23.989 --> 00:00:26.710 You needed easy access to the fields. 00:00:26.710 --> 00:00:30.286 And for hundreds, even thousands of years, 00:00:30.286 --> 00:00:32.802 the home was really the center of life. 00:00:32.802 --> 00:00:35.190 Life was very small for most people. 00:00:35.190 --> 00:00:40.021 It was the center of entertainment, of energy production, 00:00:40.021 --> 00:00:42.484 of work, the center of health care. 00:00:42.484 --> 00:00:46.374 That's where babies were born and people died. NOTE Paragraph 00:00:46.374 --> 00:00:49.467 Then, with industrialization, everything started 00:00:49.467 --> 00:00:50.985 to become centralized. 00:00:50.985 --> 00:00:53.238 You had dirty factories that were moved 00:00:53.238 --> 00:00:54.852 to the outskirts of cities. 00:00:54.852 --> 00:00:59.469 Production was centralized in assembly plants. 00:00:59.469 --> 00:01:03.341 You had centralized energy production. 00:01:03.341 --> 00:01:05.836 Learning took place in schools. Health care took place 00:01:05.836 --> 00:01:08.525 in hospitals. 00:01:08.525 --> 00:01:11.045 And then you had networks that developed. 00:01:11.045 --> 00:01:14.812 You had water, sewer networks that allowed for this 00:01:14.812 --> 00:01:17.340 kind of unchecked expansion. 00:01:17.340 --> 00:01:21.283 You had separated functions, increasingly. 00:01:21.283 --> 00:01:24.085 You had rail networks that connected residential, 00:01:24.085 --> 00:01:27.042 industrial, commercial areas. You had auto networks. 00:01:27.042 --> 00:01:30.544 In fact, the model was really, give everybody a car, 00:01:30.544 --> 00:01:32.751 build roads to everything, and give people a place to park 00:01:32.751 --> 00:01:35.866 when they get there. It was not a very functional model. 00:01:35.866 --> 00:01:38.708 And we still live in that world, 00:01:38.708 --> 00:01:41.003 and this is what we end up with. NOTE Paragraph 00:01:41.003 --> 00:01:43.008 So you have the sprawl of LA, 00:01:43.008 --> 00:01:45.054 the sprawl of Mexico City. 00:01:45.054 --> 00:01:47.821 You have these unbelievable new cities in China 00:01:47.821 --> 00:01:50.488 which you might call tower sprawl. 00:01:50.488 --> 00:01:53.470 They're all building cities on the model that we invented 00:01:53.470 --> 00:01:57.092 in the '50s and '60s, which is really obsolete, I would argue, 00:01:57.092 --> 00:01:58.750 and there are hundreds and hundreds of new cities 00:01:58.750 --> 00:02:00.766 that are being planned all over the world. 00:02:00.766 --> 00:02:03.016 In China alone, 300 million people, 00:02:03.016 --> 00:02:04.923 some say 400 million people, 00:02:04.923 --> 00:02:07.587 will move to the city over the next 15 years. 00:02:07.587 --> 00:02:10.270 That means building the entire, the equivalent 00:02:10.270 --> 00:02:13.115 of the entire built infrastructure of the U.S. in 15 years. 00:02:13.115 --> 00:02:13.991 Imagine that. NOTE Paragraph 00:02:13.991 --> 00:02:16.265 And we should all care about this 00:02:16.265 --> 00:02:19.021 whether you live in cities or not. 00:02:19.021 --> 00:02:21.970 Cities will account for 90 percent of the population growth, 00:02:21.970 --> 00:02:26.523 80 percent of the global CO2, 75 percent of energy use, 00:02:26.523 --> 00:02:30.005 but at the same time it's where people want to be, 00:02:30.005 --> 00:02:31.242 increasingly. 00:02:31.242 --> 00:02:34.158 More than half the people now in the world live in cities, 00:02:34.158 --> 00:02:37.076 and that will just continue to escalate. NOTE Paragraph 00:02:37.076 --> 00:02:40.531 Cities are places of celebration, personal expression. 00:02:40.531 --> 00:02:43.429 You have the flash mobs of pillow fights that — 00:02:43.429 --> 00:02:46.061 I've been to a couple. They're quite fun. (Laughter) 00:02:46.061 --> 00:02:48.593 You have — (Laughs) 00:02:48.593 --> 00:02:51.394 Cities are where most of the wealth is created, 00:02:51.394 --> 00:02:53.345 and particularly in the developing world, 00:02:53.345 --> 00:02:55.390 it's where women find opportunities. That's 00:02:55.390 --> 00:02:58.675 a lot of the reason why cities are growing very quickly. NOTE Paragraph 00:02:58.675 --> 00:03:01.354 Now there's some trends that will impact cities. 00:03:01.354 --> 00:03:04.233 First of all, work is becoming distributed and mobile. 00:03:04.233 --> 00:03:06.304 The office building is basically obsolete 00:03:06.304 --> 00:03:07.869 for doing private work. 00:03:07.869 --> 00:03:12.027 The home, once again, because of distributed computation -- 00:03:12.027 --> 00:03:14.234 communication, is becoming a center of life, 00:03:14.234 --> 00:03:17.563 so it's a center of production and learning and shopping 00:03:17.563 --> 00:03:20.722 and health care and all of these things that we used 00:03:20.722 --> 00:03:23.728 to think of as taking place outside of the home. NOTE Paragraph 00:03:23.728 --> 00:03:27.126 And increasingly, everything that people buy, 00:03:27.126 --> 00:03:29.553 every consumer product, in one way or another, 00:03:29.553 --> 00:03:31.615 can be personalized. 00:03:31.615 --> 00:03:33.958 And that's a very important trend to think about. NOTE Paragraph 00:03:33.958 --> 00:03:36.735 So this is my image of the city of the future. 00:03:36.735 --> 00:03:38.757 (Laughter) 00:03:38.757 --> 00:03:41.724 In that it's a place for people, you know. 00:03:41.724 --> 00:03:44.429 Maybe not the way people dress, but -- 00:03:44.429 --> 00:03:46.454 You know, the question now is, how can we have all 00:03:46.454 --> 00:03:49.154 the good things that we identify with cities 00:03:49.154 --> 00:03:51.256 without all the bad things? NOTE Paragraph 00:03:51.256 --> 00:03:53.497 This is Bangalore. It took me a couple of hours 00:03:53.497 --> 00:03:56.502 to get a few miles in Bangalore last year. 00:03:56.502 --> 00:03:58.819 So with cities, you also have congestion and pollution 00:03:58.819 --> 00:04:01.755 and disease and all these negative things. 00:04:01.755 --> 00:04:03.201 How can we have the good stuff without the bad? NOTE Paragraph 00:04:03.201 --> 00:04:06.269 So we went back and started looking at the great cities 00:04:06.269 --> 00:04:08.392 that evolved before the cars. 00:04:08.392 --> 00:04:11.432 Paris was a series of these little villages 00:04:11.432 --> 00:04:14.705 that came together, and you still see that structure today. 00:04:14.705 --> 00:04:16.148 The 20 arrondissements of Paris 00:04:16.148 --> 00:04:17.632 are these little neighborhoods. 00:04:17.632 --> 00:04:20.092 Most of what people need in life can be 00:04:20.092 --> 00:04:22.127 within a five- or 10-minute walk. 00:04:22.127 --> 00:04:24.892 And if you look at the data, when you have that kind 00:04:24.892 --> 00:04:27.834 of a structure, you get a very even distribution 00:04:27.834 --> 00:04:30.834 of the shops and the physicians and the pharmacies 00:04:30.834 --> 00:04:32.890 and the cafes in Paris. 00:04:32.890 --> 00:04:34.987 And then you look at cities that evolved after 00:04:34.987 --> 00:04:37.813 the automobile, and it's not that kind of a pattern. 00:04:37.813 --> 00:04:40.052 There's very little that's within a five minute walk 00:04:40.052 --> 00:04:43.224 of most areas of places like Pittsburgh. 00:04:43.224 --> 00:04:45.881 Not to pick on Pittsburgh, but most American cities 00:04:45.881 --> 00:04:48.657 really have evolved this way. NOTE Paragraph 00:04:48.657 --> 00:04:52.178 So we said, we'll, let's look at new cities, and we're involved 00:04:52.178 --> 00:04:55.185 in a couple of new city projects in China. 00:04:55.185 --> 00:04:57.229 So we said, let's start with that neighborhood cell. 00:04:57.229 --> 00:04:59.055 We think of it as a compact urban cell. 00:04:59.055 --> 00:05:01.608 So provide most of what most people want 00:05:01.608 --> 00:05:03.092 within that 20-minute walk. 00:05:03.092 --> 00:05:06.804 This can also be a resilient electrical microgrid, 00:05:06.804 --> 00:05:10.011 community heating, power, communication networks, 00:05:10.011 --> 00:05:12.340 etc., can be concentrated there. 00:05:12.340 --> 00:05:14.848 Stewart Brand would put a micro-nuclear reactor 00:05:14.848 --> 00:05:17.049 right in the center, probably. (Laughter) 00:05:17.049 --> 00:05:18.680 And he might be right. 00:05:18.680 --> 00:05:22.315 And then we can form, in effect, a mesh network. 00:05:22.315 --> 00:05:25.817 It's something of an Internet typology pattern, 00:05:25.817 --> 00:05:28.332 so you can have a series of these neighborhoods. 00:05:28.332 --> 00:05:31.062 You can dial up the density -- about 20,000 people per cell 00:05:31.062 --> 00:05:33.283 if it's Cambridge. Go up to 50,000 00:05:33.283 --> 00:05:35.408 if it's Manhattan density. You connect everything 00:05:35.408 --> 00:05:38.890 with mass transit and you provide most of what most people 00:05:38.890 --> 00:05:40.815 need within that neighborhood. 00:05:40.815 --> 00:05:44.599 You can begin to develop a whole typology of streetscapes 00:05:44.599 --> 00:05:48.064 and the vehicles that can go on them. I won't go through 00:05:48.064 --> 00:05:50.213 all of them. I'll just show one. NOTE Paragraph 00:05:50.213 --> 00:05:52.621 This is Boulder. It's a great example of kind of a mobility 00:05:52.621 --> 00:05:56.090 parkway, a superhighway for joggers and bicyclists 00:05:56.090 --> 00:05:58.995 where you can go from one end of the city to the other 00:05:58.995 --> 00:06:03.156 without crossing the street, and they also have bike-sharing, 00:06:03.156 --> 00:06:04.730 which I'll get into in a minute. NOTE Paragraph 00:06:04.730 --> 00:06:08.006 This is even a more interesting solution in Seoul, Korea. 00:06:08.006 --> 00:06:10.341 They took the elevated highway, they got rid of it, 00:06:10.341 --> 00:06:14.459 they reclaimed the street, the river down below, 00:06:14.459 --> 00:06:17.193 below the street, and you can go from one end of Seoul 00:06:17.193 --> 00:06:21.589 to the other without crossing a pathway for cars. NOTE Paragraph 00:06:21.589 --> 00:06:25.530 The Highline in Manhattan is very similar. 00:06:25.530 --> 00:06:29.995 You have these rapidly emerging bike lanes 00:06:29.995 --> 00:06:32.499 all over the world. I lived in Manhattan for 15 years. 00:06:32.499 --> 00:06:35.197 I went back a couple of weekends ago, took this photograph 00:06:35.197 --> 00:06:39.773 of these fabulous new bike lanes that they have installed. 00:06:39.773 --> 00:06:43.634 They're still not to where Copenhagen is, where something 00:06:43.650 --> 00:06:46.430 like 42 percent of the trips within the city 00:06:46.430 --> 00:06:48.602 are by bicycle. It's mostly just because they have 00:06:48.602 --> 00:06:51.448 fantastic infrastructure there. NOTE Paragraph 00:06:51.448 --> 00:06:54.153 We actually did exactly the wrong thing in Boston. 00:06:54.153 --> 00:06:58.800 We -- the Big Dig -- (Laughter) 00:06:58.800 --> 00:07:02.186 So we got rid of the highway but we created a traffic island 00:07:02.186 --> 00:07:05.966 and it's certainly not a mobility pathway for anything 00:07:05.966 --> 00:07:07.240 other than cars. NOTE Paragraph 00:07:07.240 --> 00:07:09.557 Mobility on demand is something we've been thinking 00:07:09.557 --> 00:07:11.356 about, so we think we need an ecosystem 00:07:11.356 --> 00:07:15.297 of these shared-use vehicles connected to mass transit. 00:07:15.297 --> 00:07:18.458 These are some of the vehicles that we've been working on. 00:07:18.458 --> 00:07:21.649 But shared use is really key. If you share a vehicle, 00:07:21.649 --> 00:07:24.260 you can have at least four people use one vehicle, 00:07:24.260 --> 00:07:26.442 as opposed to one. 00:07:26.442 --> 00:07:31.325 We have Hubway here in Boston, the Vélib' system in Paris. NOTE Paragraph 00:07:31.325 --> 00:07:35.330 We've been developing at the Media Lab this little 00:07:35.330 --> 00:07:39.852 city car that is optimized for shared use in cities. 00:07:39.852 --> 00:07:42.688 We got rid of all the useless things like engines 00:07:42.688 --> 00:07:45.470 and transmissions. We moved everything to the wheels, 00:07:45.470 --> 00:07:47.480 so you have the drive motor, the steering motor, 00:07:47.480 --> 00:07:49.257 the breaking all in the wheel. 00:07:49.257 --> 00:07:51.958 That left the chassis unencumbered, so you can do things 00:07:51.958 --> 00:07:54.782 like fold, so you can fold this little vehicle up 00:07:54.782 --> 00:07:58.540 to occupy a tiny little footprint. NOTE Paragraph 00:07:58.540 --> 00:08:01.858 This was a video that was on European television last week 00:08:01.858 --> 00:08:06.494 showing the Spanish Minister of Industry driving 00:08:06.494 --> 00:08:08.957 this little vehicle, and when it's folded, it can spin. 00:08:08.957 --> 00:08:12.697 You don't need reverse. You don't need parallel parking. 00:08:12.697 --> 00:08:15.163 You just spin and go directly in. (Laughter) 00:08:15.163 --> 00:08:17.512 So we've been working with a company to 00:08:17.512 --> 00:08:19.920 commercialize this. My PhD student Ryan Chin presented 00:08:19.920 --> 00:08:24.195 these early ideas two years ago at a TEDx conference. NOTE Paragraph 00:08:24.195 --> 00:08:28.357 So what's interesting is, then if you begin to add 00:08:28.357 --> 00:08:30.866 new things to it, like autonomy, you get out of the car, 00:08:30.866 --> 00:08:33.904 you park at your destination, you pat it on the butt, 00:08:33.904 --> 00:08:36.447 it goes and it parks itself, it charges itself, 00:08:36.447 --> 00:08:38.899 and you can get something like seven times 00:08:38.899 --> 00:08:44.382 as many vehicles in a given area as conventional cars, 00:08:44.382 --> 00:08:46.678 and we think this is the future. Actually we could do this today. 00:08:46.678 --> 00:08:49.227 It's not really a problem. 00:08:49.227 --> 00:08:53.221 We can combine shared use and folding and autonomy 00:08:53.221 --> 00:08:55.992 and we get something like 28 times the land utilization 00:08:55.992 --> 00:08:58.363 with that kind of strategy. NOTE Paragraph 00:08:58.363 --> 00:09:00.199 One of our graduate students then says, well, 00:09:00.199 --> 00:09:04.492 how does a driverless car communicate with pedestrians? 00:09:04.492 --> 00:09:06.609 You have nobody to make eye contact with. 00:09:06.609 --> 00:09:08.087 You don't know if it's going to run you over. 00:09:08.087 --> 00:09:10.986 So he's developing strategies so the vehicle can 00:09:10.986 --> 00:09:14.521 communicate with pedestrians, so -- (Laughter) 00:09:14.521 --> 00:09:17.229 So the headlights are eyeballs, the pupils can dilate, 00:09:17.229 --> 00:09:19.190 we have directional audio, we can throw sound 00:09:19.190 --> 00:09:21.640 directly at people. 00:09:21.640 --> 00:09:23.890 What I love about this project is he solved a problem 00:09:23.890 --> 00:09:27.502 that hasn't, that doesn't exist yet, so -- (Laughter) 00:09:27.502 --> 00:09:29.192 (Laughter) (Applause) NOTE Paragraph 00:09:29.192 --> 00:09:33.622 We also think that we can democratize access to bike lanes. 00:09:33.622 --> 00:09:34.997 You know, bike lanes are mostly used by young guys 00:09:34.997 --> 00:09:38.844 in stretchy pants, you know. So -- (Laughter) 00:09:38.844 --> 00:09:41.893 We think we can develop a vehicle that operates 00:09:41.893 --> 00:09:44.559 on bike lanes, accessible to elderly and disabled, 00:09:44.559 --> 00:09:48.694 women in skirts, businesspeople, and address the issues 00:09:48.694 --> 00:09:51.118 of energy congestion, mobility, aging and obesity 00:09:51.118 --> 00:09:53.791 simultaneously. That's our challenge. NOTE Paragraph 00:09:53.791 --> 00:09:56.438 This is an early design for this little three-wheel, 00:09:56.438 --> 00:09:59.233 it's an electronic bike. You have to pedal 00:09:59.233 --> 00:10:03.426 to operate it in a bike lane, but if you're an older person, 00:10:03.426 --> 00:10:06.599 that's a switch. If you're a healthy person, 00:10:06.599 --> 00:10:08.125 you might have to work really hard to go fast. 00:10:08.125 --> 00:10:10.385 You can dial in 40 calories going into work 00:10:10.385 --> 00:10:12.600 and 500 going home, when you can take a shower. 00:10:12.600 --> 00:10:16.683 We hope to have that built this fall. NOTE Paragraph 00:10:16.683 --> 00:10:20.328 Housing is another area where we can really improve. 00:10:20.328 --> 00:10:24.535 Mayor Menino in Boston says lack of affordable housing 00:10:24.535 --> 00:10:27.337 for young people is one of the biggest problems 00:10:27.337 --> 00:10:28.585 the city faces. 00:10:28.585 --> 00:10:31.320 Developers say, okay, we'll build little teeny apartments. 00:10:31.320 --> 00:10:34.381 People say, we don't really want to live in a little teeny 00:10:34.381 --> 00:10:35.575 conventional apartment. 00:10:35.575 --> 00:10:40.033 So we're saying let's build a standardized chassis, 00:10:40.033 --> 00:10:43.434 much like our car. Let's bring advanced technology 00:10:43.434 --> 00:10:48.686 into the apartment, technology-enabled infill, 00:10:48.686 --> 00:10:53.383 give people the tools within this open-loft chassis 00:10:53.383 --> 00:10:55.997 to go through a process of defining what their needs 00:10:55.997 --> 00:10:59.367 and values and activities are, and then 00:10:59.367 --> 00:11:02.215 a matching algorithm will match a unique assembly 00:11:02.215 --> 00:11:06.378 of integrated infill components, furniture, and cabinetry, 00:11:06.378 --> 00:11:10.192 that are personalized to that individual, and they give them 00:11:10.192 --> 00:11:12.892 the tools to go through the process and to refine it, 00:11:12.892 --> 00:11:15.646 and it's something like working with an architect, 00:11:15.646 --> 00:11:19.182 where the dialogue starts when you give an alternative 00:11:19.182 --> 00:11:21.974 to a person to react to. NOTE Paragraph 00:11:21.974 --> 00:11:27.585 Now, the most interesting implementation of that for us 00:11:27.585 --> 00:11:29.738 is when you can begin to have robotic walls, so 00:11:29.738 --> 00:11:33.436 your space can convert from exercise to a workplace, 00:11:33.436 --> 00:11:34.656 if you run a virtual company. 00:11:34.656 --> 00:11:37.666 You have guests over, you have two guestrooms 00:11:37.666 --> 00:11:39.784 that are developed. 00:11:39.784 --> 00:11:43.977 You have a conventional one-bedroom arrangement 00:11:43.977 --> 00:11:45.657 when you need it. Maybe that's most of the time. 00:11:45.657 --> 00:11:48.072 You have a dinner party. The table folds out 00:11:48.072 --> 00:11:51.888 to fit 16 people in otherwise a conventional one-bedroom, 00:11:51.888 --> 00:11:53.184 or maybe you want a dance studio. 00:11:53.184 --> 00:11:55.369 I mean, architects have been thinking about these ideas 00:11:55.369 --> 00:11:58.704 for a long time. What we need to do now, 00:11:58.704 --> 00:12:03.857 develop things that can scale to those 300 million Chinese 00:12:03.857 --> 00:12:06.715 people that would like to live in the city, 00:12:06.715 --> 00:12:09.021 and very comfortably. 00:12:09.021 --> 00:12:11.321 We think we can make a very small apartment 00:12:11.321 --> 00:12:14.027 that functions as if it's twice as big 00:12:14.027 --> 00:12:17.707 by utilizing these strategies. I don't believe in smart homes. 00:12:17.707 --> 00:12:20.046 That's sort of a bogus concept. 00:12:20.046 --> 00:12:21.911 I think you have to build dumb homes 00:12:21.911 --> 00:12:24.704 and put smart stuff in it. (Laughter) NOTE Paragraph 00:12:24.704 --> 00:12:31.200 And so we've been working on a chassis of the wall itself. 00:12:31.200 --> 00:12:33.887 You know, standardized platform with the motors 00:12:33.887 --> 00:12:36.117 and the battery when it operates, little solenoids 00:12:36.117 --> 00:12:40.025 that will lock it in place and get low-voltage power. 00:12:40.025 --> 00:12:42.457 We think this can all be standardized, and then people 00:12:42.457 --> 00:12:45.765 can personalize the stuff that goes into that wall, 00:12:45.765 --> 00:12:48.262 and like the car, we can integrate all kinds of sensing 00:12:48.262 --> 00:12:52.030 to be aware of human activity, so if there's a baby or 00:12:52.030 --> 00:12:56.600 a puppy in the way, you won't have a problem. (Laughter) NOTE Paragraph 00:12:56.600 --> 00:12:59.782 So the developers say, well this is great. Okay, 00:12:59.782 --> 00:13:01.856 so if we have a conventional building, 00:13:01.856 --> 00:13:05.236 we have a fixed envelope, maybe we can put in 14 units. 00:13:05.236 --> 00:13:07.260 If they function as if they're twice as big, 00:13:07.260 --> 00:13:09.118 we can get 28 units in. 00:13:09.118 --> 00:13:10.799 That means twice as much parking, though. 00:13:10.799 --> 00:13:14.239 Parking's really expensive. It's about 70,000 dollars 00:13:14.239 --> 00:13:17.592 per space to build a conventional parking spot 00:13:17.592 --> 00:13:18.728 inside a building. 00:13:18.728 --> 00:13:22.349 So if you can have folding and autonomy, 00:13:22.349 --> 00:13:25.263 you can do that in one seventh of the space. 00:13:25.263 --> 00:13:27.323 That goes down to 10,000 dollars per car, 00:13:27.323 --> 00:13:28.921 just for the cost of the parking. 00:13:28.921 --> 00:13:32.903 You add shared use, and you can even go further. NOTE Paragraph 00:13:32.903 --> 00:13:35.861 We can also integrate all kinds of advanced technology 00:13:35.861 --> 00:13:38.483 through this process. There's a path to market 00:13:38.483 --> 00:13:42.128 for innovative companies to bring technology into the home. 00:13:42.128 --> 00:13:44.772 In this case, a project we're doing with Siemens, 00:13:44.772 --> 00:13:47.233 we have sensors on all the furniture, all the infill, 00:13:47.233 --> 00:13:49.390 that understands where people are and what they're doing. 00:13:49.390 --> 00:13:52.528 Blue light is very efficient, so we have these tunable 00:13:52.528 --> 00:13:55.336 24-bit LED lighting fixtures. 00:13:55.336 --> 00:13:59.521 It recognizes where the person is, what they're doing, 00:13:59.521 --> 00:14:03.538 fills out the light when necessary to full spectrum white light, 00:14:03.538 --> 00:14:09.579 and saves maybe 30, 40 percent in energy consumption, 00:14:09.579 --> 00:14:12.998 we think, over even conventional state-of-the-art 00:14:12.998 --> 00:14:15.800 lighting systems. 00:14:15.800 --> 00:14:19.086 This just shows you the data that comes from the sensors 00:14:19.086 --> 00:14:20.886 that are embedded in the furniture. 00:14:20.886 --> 00:14:24.075 We don't really believe in cameras to do things in homes. 00:14:24.075 --> 00:14:27.897 We think these little wireless sensors are more effective. NOTE Paragraph 00:14:27.897 --> 00:14:30.396 We think we can also personalize sunlight. 00:14:30.396 --> 00:14:32.687 That's sort of the ultimate personalization in some ways. 00:14:32.687 --> 00:14:36.016 So we, we've looked at articulating mirrors of the facade 00:14:36.016 --> 00:14:39.887 that can throw shafts of sunlight anywhere into the space, 00:14:39.887 --> 00:14:42.137 therefore allowing you to shade most of the glass 00:14:42.137 --> 00:14:44.556 on a hot day like today. 00:14:44.556 --> 00:14:47.403 In this case, she picks up her phone, she can map 00:14:47.403 --> 00:14:51.907 food preparation at the kitchen island to a particular 00:14:51.907 --> 00:14:55.390 location of sunlight. An algorithm will keep it in that location 00:14:55.390 --> 00:14:58.169 as long as she's engaged in that activity. 00:14:58.169 --> 00:15:02.737 This can be combined with LED lighting as well. NOTE Paragraph 00:15:02.737 --> 00:15:05.088 We think workplaces should be shared. 00:15:05.088 --> 00:15:07.020 I mean, this is really the workplace of the future, I think. 00:15:07.020 --> 00:15:08.789 This is Starbucks, you know. (Laughter) 00:15:08.789 --> 00:15:11.379 Maybe a third — And you see everybody has their back 00:15:11.379 --> 00:15:13.863 to the wall and they have food and coffee down the way 00:15:13.863 --> 00:15:17.211 and they're in their own little personal bubble. 00:15:17.211 --> 00:15:19.907 We need shared spaces for interaction and collaboration. 00:15:19.907 --> 00:15:22.291 We're not doing a very good job with that. 00:15:22.291 --> 00:15:24.791 At the Cambridge Innovation Center, you can have 00:15:24.791 --> 00:15:28.028 shared desks. I've spent a lot of time in Finland 00:15:28.028 --> 00:15:30.800 at the design factory of Aalto University, 00:15:30.800 --> 00:15:33.794 where the they have a shared shop and shared Fablab, 00:15:33.794 --> 00:15:35.413 shared quiet spaces, 00:15:35.413 --> 00:15:37.197 electronics spaces, 00:15:37.197 --> 00:15:39.827 recreation places. NOTE Paragraph 00:15:39.827 --> 00:15:43.243 We think ultimately all of this stuff can come together, 00:15:43.243 --> 00:15:47.046 a new model for mobility, a new model for housing, 00:15:47.046 --> 00:15:49.480 a new model for how we live and work, 00:15:49.480 --> 00:15:51.817 a path to market for advanced technologies, 00:15:51.817 --> 00:15:54.438 but in the end the main thing we need to focus on 00:15:54.438 --> 00:15:56.530 are people. Cities are all about people. 00:15:56.530 --> 00:15:58.578 They're places for people. 00:15:58.578 --> 00:16:00.941 There's no reason why we can't dramatically improve 00:16:00.941 --> 00:16:03.989 the livability and creativity of cities like they've done 00:16:03.989 --> 00:16:07.623 in Melbourne with the laneways while 00:16:07.623 --> 00:16:12.007 at the same time dramatically reducing CO2 and energy. 00:16:12.007 --> 00:16:15.163 It's a global imperative. We have to get this right. 00:16:15.163 --> 00:16:20.742 Thank you. (Applause)