[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.68,0:00:03.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The urban explosion
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.73,0:00:07.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the last years of economic boom
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.95,0:00:11.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also produced dramatic marginalization,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.46,0:00:13.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,resulting in the explosion of slums
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.74,0:00:16.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in many parts of the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.35,0:00:19.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This polarization of enclaves of mega-wealth
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.60,0:00:22.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,surrounded by sectors of poverty
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.43,0:00:25.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the socioeconomic inequalities\Nthey have engendered
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.82,0:00:29.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is really at the center of today's urban crisis.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.38,0:00:31.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I want to begin tonight
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.74,0:00:34.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by suggesting that this urban crisis
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.17,0:00:38.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is not only economic or environmental.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.05,0:00:40.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's particularly a cultural crisis,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.95,0:00:43.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a crisis of the institutions
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.84,0:00:47.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unable to reimagine the stupid ways
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.57,0:00:49.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which we have been growing,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.100,0:00:53.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unable to challenge the oil-hungry,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.31,0:00:57.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,selfish urbanization that have perpetuated
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.07,0:00:59.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cities based on consumption,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.53,0:01:04.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from southern California to New York to Dubai.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.96,0:01:08.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I just really want to share with you a reflection
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.96,0:01:11.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the future of cities today
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.30,0:01:13.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,depends less on buildings
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.99,0:01:16.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, in fact, depends more
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.40,0:01:21.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the fundamental reorganization\Nof socioeconomic relations,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.15,0:01:23.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the best ideas in the shaping
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.16,0:01:24.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the city in the future
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.99,0:01:29.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will not come from enclaves of economic power
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.04,0:01:30.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and abundance,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.42,0:01:36.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in fact from sectors of conflict and scarcity
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.05,0:01:38.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from which an urgent imagination
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.89,0:01:42.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can really inspire us to rethink urban growth today.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.91,0:01:46.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And let me illustrate what I mean
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.49,0:01:50.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by understanding or engaging sites of conflict
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.40,0:01:54.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as harboring creativity, as I briefly introduce you
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.48,0:01:57.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the Tijuana-San Diego border region,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.01,0:02:01.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which has been the laboratory to\Nrethink my practice as an architect.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.21,0:02:03.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the wall, the border wall,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.73,0:02:06.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that separates San Diego and Tijuana,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.24,0:02:09.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Latin America and the United States,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.08,0:02:11.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a physical emblem
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.12,0:02:13.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of exclusionary planning policies
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.76,0:02:16.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that have perpetuated the division
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.28,0:02:18.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of communities, jurisdictions
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.71,0:02:21.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and resources across the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.84,0:02:24.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this border region, we find
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.55,0:02:26.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of the wealthiest real estate,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.96,0:02:29.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as I once found in the edges of San Diego,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.43,0:02:31.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,barely 20 minutes away
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.66,0:02:35.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from some of the poorest \Nsettlements in Latin America.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.78,0:02:39.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And while these two cities have the same population,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.14,0:02:42.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,San Diego has grown six times larger than Tijuana
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.98,0:02:44.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the last decades,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.74,0:02:48.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,immediately thrusting us to confront
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.13,0:02:50.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the tensions and conflicts
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.18,0:02:51.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between sprawl and density,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.93,0:02:53.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are at the center of today's discussion
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.92,0:02:56.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about environmental sustainability.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.75,0:02:59.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I've been arguing in the last years
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.48,0:03:03.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that, in fact, the slums of Tijuana can teach a lot
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.18,0:03:04.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the sprawls of San Diego
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.84,0:03:08.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it comes to socioeconomic sustainability,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.37,0:03:10.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we should pay attention and learn
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.79,0:03:13.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the many migrant communities
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.11,0:03:15.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on both sides of this border wall
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.62,0:03:18.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that we can translate their informal processes
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.96,0:03:21.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of urbanization.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.02,0:03:24.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do I mean by the informal in this case?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.14,0:03:25.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm really just talking about
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.97,0:03:29.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the compendium of social practices of adaptation
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.62,0:03:32.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that enable many of these migrant communities
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.46,0:03:37.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to transgress imposed political and economic recipes
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.02,0:03:38.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of urbanization.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.57,0:03:41.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm talking simply about the creative intelligence
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.82,0:03:44.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the bottom-up,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.19,0:03:47.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether manifested in the slums of Tijuana
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.39,0:03:51.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that build themselves, in fact,\Nwith the waste of San Diego,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.14,0:03:53.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the many migrant neighborhoods\Nin Southern California
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.89,0:03:56.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that have begun to be retrofitted with difference
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.97,0:03:58.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the last decades.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.63,0:04:00.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I've been interested as an artist
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.83,0:04:03.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the measuring, the observation,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.42,0:04:05.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of many of the trans-border informal flows
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.69,0:04:07.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,across this border:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.38,0:04:09.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in one direction, from south to north,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.82,0:04:12.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the flow of immigrants into the United States,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.41,0:04:15.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and from north to south the flow of waste
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.42,0:04:18.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from southern California into Tijuana.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.45,0:04:20.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm referring to the recycling
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.72,0:04:24.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of these old post-war bungalows
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.17,0:04:27.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that Mexican contractors bring to the border
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.63,0:04:30.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as American developers are disposing of them
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.47,0:04:33.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the process of building a more inflated version
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.04,0:04:35.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of suburbia in the last decades.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.12,0:04:38.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So these are houses waiting to cross the border.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.03,0:04:40.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not only people cross the border here,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.38,0:04:43.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but entire chunks of one city move to the next,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.65,0:04:47.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when these houses are placed\Non top of these steel frames,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.55,0:04:50.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they leave the first floor to become the second
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.12,0:04:52.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be in-filled with more house,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.18,0:04:53.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a small business.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.84,0:04:56.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This layering of spaces and economies
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.71,0:04:58.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is very interesting to notice.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.99,0:05:01.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But not only houses, also small debris
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.51,0:05:03.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from one city, from San Diego, to Tijuana.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.86,0:05:06.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Probably a lot of you have seen the rubber tires
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.24,0:05:08.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are used in the slums to build retaining walls.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.87,0:05:11.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But look at what people have done here in conditions
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.22,0:05:13.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of socioeconomic emergency.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.45,0:05:16.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have figured out how to peel off the tire,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.61,0:05:18.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how to thread it and interlock it
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.98,0:05:23.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to construct a more efficient retaining wall.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.11,0:05:26.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or the garage doors that are brought
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.32,0:05:28.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from San Diego in trucks
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.83,0:05:33.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to become the new skin of emergency housing
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.56,0:05:35.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in many of these slums
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.39,0:05:37.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,surrounding the edges of Tijuana.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.72,0:05:39.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So while, as an architect,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.14,0:05:41.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is a very compelling thing to witness,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.07,0:05:42.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this creative intelligence,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.76,0:05:44.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I also want to keep myself in check.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.77,0:05:46.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't want to romanticize poverty.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.81,0:05:48.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I just want to suggest
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.80,0:05:50.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that this informal urbanization
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.94,0:05:54.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is not just the image of precariousness,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.54,0:05:57.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that informality here, the informal,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.62,0:06:02.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is really a set of socioeconomic\Nand political procedures
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.15,0:06:04.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we could translate as artists,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.86,0:06:07.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that this is about a bottom-up urbanization
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.21,0:06:08.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that performs.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.73,0:06:11.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,See here, buildings are not important
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.56,0:06:13.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just for their looks,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.52,0:06:16.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but, in fact, they are important for what they can do.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.96,0:06:20.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They truly perform as they transform through time
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.08,0:06:22.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as communities negotiate
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.22,0:06:25.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the spaces and boundaries and resources.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.73,0:06:28.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So while waste flows southbound,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.85,0:06:31.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people go north in search of dollars,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.38,0:06:33.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and most of my research has had to do
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.92,0:06:37.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the impact of immigration
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.81,0:06:40.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the alteration of the homogeneity
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.29,0:06:42.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of many neighborhoods in the United States,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.61,0:06:44.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,particularly in San Diego.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.58,0:06:46.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'm talking about how this begins to suggest
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.96,0:06:49.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the future of Southern California
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.61,0:06:52.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,depends on the retrofitting
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.14,0:06:55.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the large urbanization -- I mean, on steroids --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.34,0:06:57.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the small programs,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.83,0:06:59.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,social and economic.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.61,0:07:01.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm referring to how immigrants,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.71,0:07:03.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they come to these neighborhoods,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.51,0:07:06.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they begin to alter the one-dimensionality
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.56,0:07:08.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of parcels and properties
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.54,0:07:12.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into more socially and\Neconomically complex systems,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.93,0:07:16.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as they begin to plug an\Ninformal economy into a garage,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.67,0:07:18.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or as they build an illegal granny flat
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.98,0:07:21.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to support an extended family.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.48,0:07:26.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This socioeconomic entrepreneurship
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.56,0:07:29.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the ground within these neighborhoods
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.66,0:07:33.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really begins to suggest ways of translating that
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.21,0:07:37.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into new, inclusive and more equitable
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.36,0:07:39.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,land use policies.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.39,0:07:42.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So many stories emerge from these dynamics
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.12,0:07:44.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of alteration of space,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.99,0:07:46.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as "the informal Buddha,"
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.83,0:07:49.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which tells the story of a small house
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.41,0:07:52.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that saved itself, it did not travel to Mexico,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.41,0:07:54.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it was retrofitted in the end
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.41,0:07:56.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into a Buddhist temple,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.66,0:07:57.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in so doing,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.89,0:08:01.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this small house transforms or mutates
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.15,0:08:02.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from a singular dwelling
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.84,0:08:05.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into a small, or a micro, socioeconomic
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.67,0:08:09.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and cultural infrastructure inside a neighborhood.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.62,0:08:12.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So these action neighborhoods, as I call them,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.37,0:08:14.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really become the inspiration
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.40,0:08:17.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to imagine other interpretations of citizenship
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.79,0:08:19.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that have less to do, in fact,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.97,0:08:21.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with belonging to the nation-state,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.96,0:08:25.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and more with upholding the notion of citizenship
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.80,0:08:27.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a creative act
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.70,0:08:30.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that reorganizes institutional protocols
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.55,0:08:32.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the spaces of the city.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.88,0:08:35.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As an artist, I've been interested, in fact,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.73,0:08:38.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the visualization of citizenship,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.46,0:08:42.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the gathering of many anecdotes, urban stories,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.03,0:08:45.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to narrativize the relationship
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.09,0:08:48.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between social processes and spaces.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.22,0:08:51.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a story of a group of teenagers
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.34,0:08:54.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that one night, a few months ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.27,0:08:57.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,decided to invade this space under the freeway
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.20,0:09:00.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to begin constructing their own skateboard park.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.41,0:09:03.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With shovels in hand, they started to dig.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.55,0:09:06.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two weeks later, the police stopped them.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.41,0:09:08.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They barricaded the place,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.11,0:09:10.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the teenagers were evicted,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.06,0:09:12.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the teenagers decided to fight back,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.78,0:09:15.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not with bank cards or slogans
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.24,0:09:17.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but with constructing a critical process.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.100,0:09:20.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first thing they did was to recognize
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.71,0:09:23.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the specificity of political jurisdiction
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.69,0:09:26.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,inscribed in that empty space.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.42,0:09:28.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They found out that they had been lucky
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.50,0:09:30.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they had not begun to dig
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.31,0:09:32.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,under Caltrans territoy.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.69,0:09:35.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Caltrans is a state agency that governs the freeway,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.92,0:09:38.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it would have been very\Ndifficult to negotiate with them.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.49,0:09:40.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were lucky, they said, because they began
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.37,0:09:42.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to dig under an arm of the freeway
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.78,0:09:45.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that belongs to the local municipality.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.04,0:09:46.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were also lucky, they said,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.94,0:09:48.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they began to dig in a sort of
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.68,0:09:51.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bermuda Triangle of jurisdiction,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.02,0:09:54.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between port authority, airport authority,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.50,0:09:57.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,two city districts, and a review board.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.31,0:10:00.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All these red lines are the invisible
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.09,0:10:02.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,political institutions that were inscribed
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.66,0:10:05.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in that leftover empty space.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.70,0:10:08.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With this knowledge, these teenagers
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.65,0:10:11.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as skaters confronted the city.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.34,0:10:13.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They came to the city attorney's office.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.49,0:10:15.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The city attorney told them
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.44,0:10:17.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that in order to continue the negotiation
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.34,0:10:19.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they had to become an NGO,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.28,0:10:21.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and of course they didn't know what an NGO was.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.54,0:10:24.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They had to talk to their friends in Seattle
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.48,0:10:26.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who had gone through the same experience.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.39,0:10:28.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they began to realize the necessity
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.57,0:10:30.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to organize themselves even deeper
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.91,0:10:35.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and began to fundraise, to organize budgets,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.05,0:10:37.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to really be aware of all the knowledge
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.37,0:10:40.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,embedded in the urban code in San Diego
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.60,0:10:42.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that they could begin to redefine
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.82,0:10:46.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the very meaning of public space in the city,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.64,0:10:49.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,expanding it to other categories.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.13,0:10:51.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the end, the teenagers won the case
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.77,0:10:54.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with that evidence, and they were able
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.24,0:10:56.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to construct their skateboard park
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.86,0:10:58.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,under that freeway.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.47,0:11:00.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now for many of you, this story
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.91,0:11:03.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,might seem trivial or naive.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.15,0:11:05.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For me as an architect, it has become
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.10,0:11:07.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a fundamental narrative,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.44,0:11:09.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it begins to teach me
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.29,0:11:11.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that this micro-community
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.25,0:11:14.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not only designed another category of public space
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.74,0:11:18.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they also designed the socioeconomic protocols
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.54,0:11:21.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were necessary to be inscribed in that space
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.64,0:11:24.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for its long-term sustainability.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.60,0:11:26.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They also taught me
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.09,0:11:28.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that similar to the migrant communities
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.12,0:11:29.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on both sides of the border,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.65,0:11:33.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they engaged conflict itself as a creative tool,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.37,0:11:35.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they had to produce a process
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.17,0:11:38.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that enabled them to reorganize resources
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.79,0:11:40.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the politics of the city.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.62,0:11:43.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In that act, that informal,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.15,0:11:45.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bottom-up act of transgression,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.40,0:11:47.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really began to trickle up
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.55,0:11:50.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to transform top-down policy.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.67,0:11:55.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now this journey from the bottom-up
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.17,0:11:57.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the transformation of the top-down
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.35,0:11:59.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is where I find hope today.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.87,0:12:04.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'm thinking of how these modest alterations
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.12,0:12:07.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with space and with policy
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.06,0:12:09.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in many cities in the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:09.09,0:12:11.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in primarily the urgency
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.80,0:12:14.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a collective imagination
Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.08,0:12:15.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as these communities
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.55,0:12:17.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reimagine their own forms of governance,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.96,0:12:20.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,social organization, and infrastructure,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.65,0:12:22.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really is at the center
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.58,0:12:24.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the new formation
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.66,0:12:27.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of democratic politics of the urban.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.98,0:12:31.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is, in fact, this that could become the framework
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.25,0:12:34.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for producing new social
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.27,0:12:37.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and economic justice in the city.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.33,0:12:38.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to say this and emphasize it,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.95,0:12:42.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because this is the only way I see
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.60,0:12:44.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can enable us to move
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.81,0:12:48.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from urbanizations of consumption
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.04,0:12:51.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to neighborhoods of production today.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.39,0:12:53.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.28,0:12:57.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)