[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.62,0:00:03.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The urban explosion
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.54,0:00:07.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the last years of economic boom
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.52,0:00:11.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also produced dramatic marginalization,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.63,0:00:13.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,resulting in the explosion of slums
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.95,0:00:16.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in many parts of the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.52,0:00:19.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This polarization of enclaves of mega-wealth
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.74,0:00:22.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,surrounded by sectors of poverty
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.62,0:00:25.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the socio-economic inequalities\Nthey have engendered
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.59,0:00:29.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is really at the center of today's urban crisis.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.53,0:00:31.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I want to begin tonight
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.34,0:00:34.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by suggesting that this urban crisis
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.08,0:00:38.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is not only economic or environmental.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.18,0:00:41.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's particularly a cultural crisis,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.12,0:00:43.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a crisis of the institutions
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.53,0:00:47.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unable to re-imagine the stupid ways
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.73,0:00:50.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by which we have been growing,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.15,0:00:53.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unable to challenge the oil-hungry,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.14,0:00:57.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,selfish urbanization that have perpetuated
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.10,0:00:59.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cities based on consumption,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.62,0:01:05.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from southern California to New York to Dubai.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.05,0:01:09.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I just really want to share with you a reflection
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.08,0:01:11.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the future of cities today
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.53,0:01:14.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,depends less on buildings
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.30,0:01:17.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in fact depends more on the fundamental
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.47,0:01:21.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reorganization of socio-economic relations,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.40,0:01:23.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the best ideas in the shaping
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.27,0:01:25.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the cities of the future
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.16,0:01:29.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will not come from enclaves of economic power
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.07,0:01:30.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and abundance,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.62,0:01:36.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in fact from sectors of conflict and scarcity
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.34,0:01:39.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from which an urgent imagination
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.02,0:01:43.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can really inspire us to rethink urban growth today.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.19,0:01:45.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And let me illustrate what I mean
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.98,0:01:50.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by understanding or engaging sites of conflict
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.52,0:01:54.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as harboring creativity, as I briefly introduce you
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.43,0:01:57.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the Tijuana-San Diego border region,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.12,0:02:01.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which has been the laboratory to\Nrethink my practice as an architect.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.31,0:02:04.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the wall, the border wall,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.04,0:02:06.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that separates San Diego and Tijuana,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.25,0:02:09.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Latin America and the United States,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.31,0:02:11.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a physical emblem
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.27,0:02:13.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of exclusionary planning policies
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.96,0:02:16.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that have perpetuated the division
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.37,0:02:18.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of communities, jurisdictions,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.73,0:02:21.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and resources across the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.100,0:02:24.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this border region, we find
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.73,0:02:27.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of the wealthiest real estate,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.13,0:02:29.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as I once found in the edges of San Diego,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.48,0:02:32.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,barely 20 minutes away from the some of
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.04,0:02:35.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the poorest settlements in Latin America.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.97,0:02:39.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And while these two cities have the same population,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.24,0:02:43.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,San Diego has grown six times larger than Tijuana
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.15,0:02:44.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the last decades,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.94,0:02:48.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,immediately thrusting us to confront
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.33,0:02:50.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the tensions and conflicts
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.30,0:02:52.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between sprawl and density,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.17,0:02:54.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are at the center of today's discussion
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.13,0:02:56.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about environmental sustainability.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.85,0:02:59.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I've been arguing in the last years
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.49,0:03:03.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that in fact the slums of Tijuana can teach a lot
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.23,0:03:04.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the sprawls of San Diego
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.100,0:03:08.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it comes to socio-economic sustainability,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.37,0:03:10.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we should pay attention and learn
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.89,0:03:13.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the many migrant communities
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.23,0:03:15.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on both sides of this border wall
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.64,0:03:19.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that we can translate their informal processes
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.14,0:03:21.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of urbanization.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.20,0:03:24.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what do I mean by the informal in this case?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.39,0:03:26.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm really just talking about
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.20,0:03:29.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the compendium of social practices of adaptation
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.62,0:03:32.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that enable many of these migrant communities
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.09,0:03:37.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to transgress imposed political and economic recipes
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.16,0:03:38.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of urbanization.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.83,0:03:41.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm talking simply about the creative intelligence
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.87,0:03:44.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the bottom-up,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.24,0:03:47.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether manifested in the slums of Tijuana
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.56,0:03:51.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that build themselves in fact\Nwith the waste of San Diego,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.09,0:03:54.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the many migrant neighborhoods\Nin Southern California
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.11,0:03:56.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that have begun to be retrofitted with difference
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.97,0:03:58.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the last decades.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.84,0:04:00.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I've been interested as an artist
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.68,0:04:03.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the measuring, the observation,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.50,0:04:05.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of many of the trans-border informal flows
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.94,0:04:07.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,across this border:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.46,0:04:09.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in one direction, from south to north,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.82,0:04:12.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the flow of immigrants into the United States,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.43,0:04:15.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and from north south the flow of waste
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.48,0:04:18.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from southern California into Tijuana.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.57,0:04:20.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm referring to the recycling
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.72,0:04:23.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of these old post-war bungalows
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.69,0:04:27.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that Mexican contractors bring to the border
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.21,0:04:30.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as American developers are disposing of them
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.18,0:04:33.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the process of building a more inflated version
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.26,0:04:35.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of suburbia in the last decades.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.12,0:04:38.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So these are houses waiting to cross the border.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.13,0:04:40.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not only people cross the border here,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.48,0:04:43.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but entire chunks of one city move to the next,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.47,0:04:47.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when these houses are placed\Non top of these steel frames,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.45,0:04:50.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they leave the first floor to become the second
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.26,0:04:52.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be in-filled with more house,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.24,0:04:53.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a small business.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.94,0:04:56.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This layering of spaces and economies
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.82,0:04:59.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is very interesting to notice.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.10,0:05:01.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But not only houses, also small debris
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.72,0:05:03.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from one city, from San Diego, to Tijuana.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.95,0:05:06.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Probably a lot of you have seen the rubber tires
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.32,0:05:08.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are used in the slums to build retaining walls.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.96,0:05:11.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But look at what people have done here in conditions
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.30,0:05:13.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of socio-economic emergency.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.45,0:05:16.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have figured out how to peel off the tire,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.60,0:05:19.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how to thread it and interlock it
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.12,0:05:23.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to construct a more efficient retaining wall.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.35,0:05:25.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or, the garage doors that are brought
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.100,0:05:28.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from San Diego in trucks
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.96,0:05:33.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to become the new skin of emergency housing
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.66,0:05:35.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in many of these slums
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.53,0:05:37.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,surrounding the edges of Tijuana.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.92,0:05:39.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So while, as an architect,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.32,0:05:41.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is a very compelling thing to witness,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.24,0:05:42.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this creative intelligence,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.88,0:05:44.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I also want to keep myself in check.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.93,0:05:46.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't want to romanticize poverty.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.96,0:05:48.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I just want to suggest
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.92,0:05:50.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that this informal urbanization
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.93,0:05:54.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is not just the image of precariousness,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.77,0:05:57.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that informality here, the informal,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.72,0:06:02.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is really a set of socio-economic\Nand political procedures
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.12,0:06:04.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we could translate as artists,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.74,0:06:07.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that this is about a bottom-up urbanization
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.32,0:06:08.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that performs.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.93,0:06:11.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,See here, buildings are not important
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.10,0:06:13.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just for their looks,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.75,0:06:17.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in fact they are important for what they can do.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.08,0:06:20.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They truly perform as they transform through time
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.32,0:06:22.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as communities negotiate
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.33,0:06:25.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the spaces and boundaries and resources.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.98,0:06:28.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So while waste flows southbound,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.53,0:06:31.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people go north in search of dollars,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.46,0:06:33.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and most of my research has had to do
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.98,0:06:37.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the impact of immigration
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.69,0:06:40.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the alteration of the homogeneity
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.04,0:06:42.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of many neighborhoods in the United States,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.81,0:06:44.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,particularly in San Diego.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.68,0:06:47.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'm talking about how this begins to suggest
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.10,0:06:49.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the future of Southern California
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.31,0:06:52.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,depends on the retrofitting
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.02,0:06:55.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the large urbanization on steroids
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.45,0:06:57.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the small programs,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.83,0:06:59.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,social and economic.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.73,0:07:01.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm referring to how immigrants,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.65,0:07:03.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they come to these neighborhoods,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.60,0:07:06.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they begin to alter the one-dimensionality
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.73,0:07:08.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of parcels and properties
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.65,0:07:12.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into more socially and\Neconomically complex systems,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.93,0:07:16.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as they begin to plug an\Ninformal economy into a garage,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.67,0:07:18.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or as they build an illegal granny flat
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.81,0:07:21.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to support an extended family.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.48,0:07:26.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This socioeconomic entrepreneurship
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.84,0:07:29.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the ground within these neighborhoods
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.66,0:07:33.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really begin to suggest ways of translating that
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.36,0:07:37.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into new, inclusive, and more equitable
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.52,0:07:39.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,land use policies.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.50,0:07:42.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So many stories emerge from these dynamics
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.36,0:07:45.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of alteration of space,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.12,0:07:46.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as "The Informal Buddha,"
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.93,0:07:49.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which tells the story of a small house
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.19,0:07:52.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that saved itself, it did not travel to Mexico,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.32,0:07:54.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it was retrofitted in the end
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.29,0:07:56.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into a Buddhist temple,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.77,0:07:58.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in so doing,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.12,0:08:01.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this small house transforms or mutates
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.15,0:08:02.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from a singular dwelling
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.94,0:08:05.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into a small or micro socio-economic
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.87,0:08:09.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and cultural infrastructure inside a neighborhood.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.70,0:08:12.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So these action neighborhoods, as I call them,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.52,0:08:14.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really become the inspiration
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.29,0:08:18.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to imagine other interpretation of citizenship
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.10,0:08:20.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that has less to do, in fact,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.06,0:08:22.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with belonging to the nation-state,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.17,0:08:25.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and more with upholding the notion of citizenship
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.96,0:08:27.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a creative act
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.80,0:08:30.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that reorganizes institutional protocols
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.80,0:08:32.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the spaces of the city.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.92,0:08:35.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As an artist, I've been interested, in fact,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.75,0:08:38.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the visualization of citizenship,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.57,0:08:42.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the gathering of many anecdotes, urban stories,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.18,0:08:45.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to narrativize the relationship
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.17,0:08:48.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between social processes and spaces.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.24,0:08:51.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a story of a group of teenagers
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.24,0:08:54.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that one night, a few months ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.37,0:08:57.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,decided to invade this space under the freeway
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.26,0:09:00.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to begin constructing their own skateboard park.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.58,0:09:03.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With shovels in hand, they started to dig.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.69,0:09:06.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two weeks later, the police stopped them.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.56,0:09:08.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They barricaded the place,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.19,0:09:10.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the teenagers were evicted,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.16,0:09:12.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the teenagers decided to fight back,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.88,0:09:15.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not with placards or slogans
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.43,0:09:18.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but with constructing a critical process.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.05,0:09:20.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first thing they did was to recognize
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.86,0:09:23.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the specificity of political jurisdiction
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.88,0:09:26.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,inscribed in that empty space.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.57,0:09:28.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They found out that they had been lucky
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.62,0:09:30.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they had not begun to dig
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.48,0:09:32.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,under Caltrans territoy.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.85,0:09:35.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Caltrans is a state agency that governs the freeway,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.92,0:09:38.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it would have been very\Ndifficult to negotiate with them.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.64,0:09:40.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were lucky, they said, because they began
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.49,0:09:42.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to dig under an arm of the freeway
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.75,0:09:45.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that belongs to the local municipality.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.18,0:09:47.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were also lucky, they said,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.12,0:09:49.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they began to dig in a sort of
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.11,0:09:51.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bermuda Triangle of jurisdiction,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.30,0:09:54.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between port authority, airport authority,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.60,0:09:57.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,two city districts, and a review board.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.48,0:09:59.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All these red lines, are they invisible
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.98,0:10:02.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,political institutions that were inscribed
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.80,0:10:05.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in that leftover empty space.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.70,0:10:08.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With this knowledge, these teenagers
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.53,0:10:11.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as skaters confronted the city.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.24,0:10:13.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They came to the city attorney's office.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.68,0:10:15.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The city attorney told them
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.36,0:10:17.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that in order to continue the negotiation
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.44,0:10:19.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they had to become an NGO,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.19,0:10:21.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and of course they didn't know what an NGO was.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.74,0:10:24.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They had to talk to their friends in Seattle
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.28,0:10:26.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who had gone through the same experience.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.47,0:10:28.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they began to realize the necessity
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.50,0:10:30.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to organize themselves even deeper
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.91,0:10:35.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and began to fundraise, to organize budgets,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.01,0:10:37.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to really be aware of all the knowledge
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.42,0:10:40.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,embedded in the urban code in San Diego
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.65,0:10:42.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that they could begin to redefine
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.73,0:10:46.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the very meaning of public space in the city,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.74,0:10:49.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,expanding it to other categories.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.24,0:10:51.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the end, the teenagers won the case
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.80,0:10:54.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with that evidence, and they were able
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.24,0:10:56.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to construct their skateboard park
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.72,0:10:58.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,under that freeway.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.67,0:11:00.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now for many of you, this story
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.71,0:11:02.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,might seem trivial or naive.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.98,0:11:05.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For me as an architect, it has become
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.18,0:11:07.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a fundamental narrative,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.22,0:11:09.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it begins to teach me
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.37,0:11:11.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that this micro-community
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.40,0:11:14.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not only designed another category of public space
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.76,0:11:18.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they also designed the socio-economic protocols
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.70,0:11:21.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were necessary to be inscribed in that space
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.67,0:11:24.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for its long-term sustainability.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.60,0:11:26.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They also taught me
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.15,0:11:28.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that similar to the migrant communities
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.06,0:11:29.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on both sides of the border,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.71,0:11:33.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they engaged conflict itself as a creative tool,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.51,0:11:35.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they had to produce a process
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.25,0:11:38.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that enabled them to reorganize resources
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.88,0:11:40.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the politics of the city.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.75,0:11:43.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In that act, that informal,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.06,0:11:45.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bottom-up act of transgression,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.25,0:11:47.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really began to trickle up
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.51,0:11:50.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to transform top-down policy.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.76,0:11:55.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now this journey from the bottom up
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.25,0:11:57.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the transformation of the top down
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.32,0:12:00.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is where I find hope today.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.06,0:12:03.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'm thinking of how these modest alterations
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.95,0:12:07.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with space and with policies
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.16,0:12:09.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in many cities of the world
Dialogue: 0,0:12:09.21,0:12:11.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in primarily the urgency
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.80,0:12:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a collective imagination
Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.00,0:12:15.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as these communities
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.66,0:12:18.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,re-imagine their own forms of governance,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.16,0:12:20.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,social organization, and infrastructure,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.77,0:12:22.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really is at the center
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.73,0:12:24.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the new formation
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.76,0:12:28.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of democratic politics of the urban.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.01,0:12:31.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is, in fact, this that could become the framework
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.25,0:12:34.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for producing new social
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.38,0:12:37.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and economic justice in the city.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.42,0:12:39.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to say this and emphasize it,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.15,0:12:42.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because this is the only way I see
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.69,0:12:44.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can enable us to move
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.93,0:12:47.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from urbanizations of consumption
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.42,0:12:51.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to neighborhoods of production today.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.46,0:12:53.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.28,0:12:57.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)