[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.68,0:00:08.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We live in a society
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.40,0:00:10.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,obsessed with music.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.34,0:00:12.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We use music to worship,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.32,0:00:13.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tell stories,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.62,0:00:14.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to celebrate,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.74,0:00:16.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to work,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.18,0:00:17.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,exercise,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.54,0:00:19.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,declare our love
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.51,0:00:21.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sometimes our hatred,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.27,0:00:23.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, arguably most importantly,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.71,0:00:25.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to dance.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.45,0:00:27.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, of course, we play music ourselves
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.38,0:00:30.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because, well, it's a pleasant thing to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.02,0:00:33.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thousands of years ago \Nin Ancient Greece,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.03,0:00:34.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it came to music,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.31,0:00:36.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things weren't much different.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.78,0:00:39.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They might have had lyres and tunics
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.02,0:00:41.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead of MP3 players and jeans,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.26,0:00:43.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the Ancient Greeks \Nwere just as obsessed
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.18,0:00:45.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with music as we are today.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.02,0:00:47.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, music was such \Nan important part
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.24,0:00:48.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Ancient Greek society
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.69,0:00:51.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it makes us seem \Ntame by comparison.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.72,0:00:54.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To really understand just \Nhow integral music was
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.30,0:00:55.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the Ancient Greeks,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.69,0:00:57.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let's begin by acquainting ourselves
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.33,0:00:59.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a bit of their mythology.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.66,0:01:01.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Ancient Greek mythology,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.26,0:01:03.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was believed that human creativity
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.54,0:01:05.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was the result of divine inspiration
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.93,0:01:08.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from a group of goddesses \Nknown as the Muses.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.96,0:01:11.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While scholars have argued \Nover the years
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.27,0:01:14.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there are anything \Nbetween 3 and 13 Muses,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.31,0:01:17.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the standard number accepted today is 9.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.32,0:01:19.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each Muse oversees her own specific area
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.96,0:01:21.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of artistic expertise,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.71,0:01:23.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ranging from song and dance
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.46,0:01:26.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to history and astronomy.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.05,0:01:27.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It might seem strange to categorize
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.71,0:01:29.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,history and astronomy \Nas creative pursuits,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.90,0:01:31.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the Ancient Greeks \Nsaw these disciplines
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.73,0:01:33.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as more than just school subjects.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.94,0:01:37.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These were the hallmarks of civilization
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.19,0:01:38.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in what, to their eyes,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.68,0:01:40.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was a pretty barbaric world.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.85,0:01:42.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An educated, civilized person
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.91,0:01:44.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was expected to be proficient
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.71,0:01:46.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in all aspects of creative thought
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.42,0:01:48.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,inspired by the Muses,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.01,0:01:49.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the common medium
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.06,0:01:50.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through which these \Ndisciplines were taught,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.53,0:01:51.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,studied,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.27,0:01:52.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and disseminated
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.30,0:01:54.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was music.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.52,0:01:56.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see, it's no coincidence
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.34,0:01:58.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the word Muse is very similar
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.58,0:02:00.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the word music.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.23,0:02:02.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's where the word originates.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.32,0:02:04.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Poetry, be it a love poem
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.15,0:02:07.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or an epic poem about \Na dragon-slaying hero,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.18,0:02:09.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was sung with a musical accompaniment.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.69,0:02:11.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dancing and singing, obviously,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.74,0:02:13.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were accompanied by music.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.49,0:02:15.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Theater was always a combination
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.60,0:02:18.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of spoken word and music.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.04,0:02:20.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,History was recounted through song.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.75,0:02:22.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even the study of astronomy
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.30,0:02:24.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was linked to the same physical principles
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.04,0:02:25.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as musical harmony,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.38,0:02:27.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as the belief held \Nby many Greek thinkers
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.55,0:02:29.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that each of the planets and stars
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.60,0:02:31.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,created their own unique sound
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.30,0:02:32.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as they traveled through the cosmos,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.76,0:02:35.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thrumming like \Nan enormous guitar string
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.10,0:02:36.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,light-years long.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.97,0:02:39.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, music pervaded \Nmore aspects of their lives
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.56,0:02:41.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than just education.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.14,0:02:42.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ancient Greeks considered music
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.64,0:02:44.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be the basis for understanding
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.44,0:02:46.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the fundamental interconnectedness
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.48,0:02:48.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of all things in the universe.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.86,0:02:50.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This concept of connectivity
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.57,0:02:51.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is known as harmonia,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.94,0:02:54.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's where we get the word harmony.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.52,0:02:56.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Music was used as a form of medicine
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.58,0:02:58.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to treat illnesses and physical complaints,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.60,0:03:01.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a vital accompaniment \Nto sporting contests,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.80,0:03:03.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as a means to keep workers in time
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.70,0:03:08.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as they toiled away on \Nmonotonous or menial tasks.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.52,0:03:10.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the most important applications
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.13,0:03:12.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of music in Ancient Greek society
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.21,0:03:13.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is found in the belief
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.17,0:03:16.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that music can affect a person's ethos.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.36,0:03:17.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A word we still use today,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.94,0:03:19.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ethos is a person's guiding beliefs
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.55,0:03:20.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or personal ethics,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.86,0:03:22.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the way that one behaves
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.31,0:03:24.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,towards oneself and others.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.44,0:03:25.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Greek philosopher Plato,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.85,0:03:27.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of the most famous
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.10,0:03:29.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and influential Greek \Nthinkers of the time,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.10,0:03:31.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,asserted that music had a direct effect
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.40,0:03:33.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on a person's ethos.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.33,0:03:34.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Certain kinds of music
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.52,0:03:36.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could incite a person to violence
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.10,0:03:38.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while others could placate a person
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.02,0:03:40.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into a benign, unthinking stupor.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.51,0:03:42.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,According to Plato,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.88,0:03:44.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only very specific types of music
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.63,0:03:47.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were beneficial to a person's ethos.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.40,0:03:49.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One should only listen to music
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.02,0:03:50.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that promotes intelligence,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.58,0:03:51.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,self-discipline,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.38,0:03:52.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and courage,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.52,0:03:56.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and all other kinds \Nof music must be avoided.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.26,0:03:58.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Furthermore, Plato fervently denounced
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.35,0:04:00.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,any music that deviated
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.19,0:04:01.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from established musical conventions,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.68,0:04:03.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fearing that doing so
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.16,0:04:04.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would lead to the degradation
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.81,0:04:06.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the standards of civilization,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.60,0:04:07.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the corruption of youth,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.90,0:04:12.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and eventually complete \Nand utter anarchy.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.27,0:04:14.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While Plato's fears can seem extreme,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.60,0:04:16.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this argument has appeared \Nin modern times
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.78,0:04:17.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to condemn musical trends
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.94,0:04:20.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as jazz or punk or rap.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.49,0:04:21.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do you think Plato would say
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.100,0:04:23.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the music you listen to?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.89,0:04:26.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is it beneficial to your ethos,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.18,0:04:27.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or will it degenerate you
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.62,0:04:30.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into a gibbering, amoral barbarian?