[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.86,0:00:03.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We all go to doctors,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.94,0:00:09.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we do so with trust and blind faith
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.21,0:00:13.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the test they are ordering\Nand the medications they're prescribing
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.08,0:00:16.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are based upon evidence,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.34,0:00:20.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,evidence that's designed to help us.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.33,0:00:23.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, the reality is
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.12,0:00:26.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that that hasn't always\Nbeen the case for everyone.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.92,0:00:32.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if I told you that the medical\Nscience discovered over the past century
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.38,0:00:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has been based on\Nonly half the population?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.00,0:00:38.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm an emergency medicine doctor.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.70,0:00:42.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was trained to be prepared\Nin a medical emergency.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.83,0:00:48.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's about saving lives.\NHow cool is that?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.47,0:00:52.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, there's a lot of runny noses\Nand stubbed toes,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.12,0:00:55.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but no matter who walks\Nthrough the door to the ER,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.76,0:00:57.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we order the same tests,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.99,0:00:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we prescribe the same medication
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.99,0:01:05.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without ever thinking about\Nthe sex or gender of our patients.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.44,0:01:07.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why would we?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.35,0:01:10.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were never taught that there were\Nany differences between men and women.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.85,0:01:15.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A recent Government Accountability study\Nrevealed that 80 percent of the drugs
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.54,0:01:17.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,withdrawn from the market
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.52,0:01:21.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are due to side effects on women.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.14,0:01:23.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let's think about that for a minute.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.42,0:01:26.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why are we discovering\Nside effects on women
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.81,0:01:31.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only after a drug has been released\Nto the market?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.36,0:01:35.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you know that it takes years for a drug
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.16,0:01:40.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to go from an idea to being tested\Non cells in a laboratory,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.23,0:01:42.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to animal studies,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.27,0:01:44.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to then clinical trials on humans,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.54,0:01:48.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,finally to go through\Na regulatory approval process,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.24,0:01:54.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be available for your doctor\Nto prescribe to you,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.16,0:01:57.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not to mention the millions\Nand billions of dollars of funding
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.47,0:02:01.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it takes to go through that process.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.62,0:02:04.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So why are we discovering\Nunacceptable side effects
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.37,0:02:09.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on half the population\Nafter that has gone through?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.24,0:02:13.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's happening?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.06,0:02:16.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, it turns out that those cells\Nused in that laboratory,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.91,0:02:18.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're male cells,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.95,0:02:22.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the animals used\Nin the animal studies were male animals,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.20,0:02:29.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the clinical trials have been\Nperformed almost exclusively on men.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.17,0:02:34.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How is it that the male model became\Nour framework for medical research?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.67,0:02:38.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's look at an example that has\Nbeen popularized in the media,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.53,0:02:41.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it has to do\Nwith the sleep aid Ambien.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.82,0:02:46.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ambien was released on the market\Nover 20 years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.77,0:02:51.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and since then, hundreds of millions\Nof prescriptions have been written,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.30,0:02:56.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,primarily to women because women\Nsuffer more sleep disorders than men.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.96,0:02:59.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But just this past year,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.31,0:03:02.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Food and Drug Administration\Nrecommended cutting the dose in half
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.74,0:03:05.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for women only,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.37,0:03:08.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they just realized\Nthat women metabolize the drug
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.41,0:03:11.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at a slower rate than men,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.33,0:03:16.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,causing them to wake up in the morning\Nwith more of the active drug in the system
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.63,0:03:20.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then they're drowsy and they're\Ngetting behind the wheel of the car,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.55,0:03:25.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're at risk\Nfor motor vehicle accidents.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.22,0:03:28.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I can't help but think,\Nas an emergency physician,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.80,0:03:33.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how many of my patients\Nthat I've cared for over the years
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.97,0:03:36.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were involved\Nin a motor vehicle accident
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.43,0:03:40.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,possibly could have been prevented
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.03,0:03:45.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if this type of analysis was performed\Nand acted upon 20 years ago
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.21,0:03:49.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when this drug was first released.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.14,0:03:53.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How many other things\Nneed to be analyzed by gender?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.27,0:03:55.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What else are we missing?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.53,0:04:01.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,World War II changed a lot of things,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.25,0:04:04.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and one of them was this need\Nto protect people
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.58,0:04:09.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from becoming victims of medical research\Nwithout informed consent.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.50,0:04:13.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So some much-needed guidelines\Nor rules were set into place,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.03,0:04:18.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and part of that was this desire\Nto protect women of childbearing age
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.23,0:04:22.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from entering into any\Nmedical research studies.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.14,0:04:27.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was fear, what if something\Nhappened to the fetus during this study?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.45,0:04:29.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who would be responsible?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.96,0:04:32.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so the scientists\Nat this time actually thought
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.26,0:04:35.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this was a blessing in disguise,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.11,0:04:37.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because let's face it,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.48,0:04:40.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,men's bodies are pretty homogeneous.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.71,0:04:44.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They don't have the constantly\Nfluctuating levels of hormones
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.09,0:04:49.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that could disrupt clean data\Nthey could get if they had only men.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.24,0:04:53.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was easier. It was cheaper.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.52,0:04:56.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not to mention, at this time,\Nthere was a general assumption
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.41,0:05:00.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that men and women were alike in every way
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.71,0:05:05.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,apart from their reproductive organs\Nand sex hormones.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.30,0:05:09.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it was decided:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.04,0:05:12.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,medical research was performed on men
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.33,0:05:15.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the results were later\Napplied to women.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.31,0:05:20.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What did this do to the notion\Nof women's health?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.80,0:05:25.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Women's health became synonymous\Nwith reproduction:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.18,0:05:30.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,breasts, ovaries, uterus, pregnancy.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.32,0:05:34.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's this term we now refer to\Nas bikini medicine.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.59,0:05:37.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this stayed this way\Nuntil about the 1980s,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.47,0:05:40.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when this concept was challenged\Nby the medical community
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.56,0:05:44.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and by the public health policymakers\Nwhen they realized that,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.80,0:05:48.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by excluding women\Nfrom all medical research studies,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.45,0:05:52.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we actually did them a disservice,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.33,0:05:54.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in that apart from reproductive issues,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.98,0:06:00.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,virtually was nothing was known about\Nthe unique needs of the female patient.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.83,0:06:06.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since that time, an overwhelming amount\Nof evidence has come to light
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.47,0:06:12.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that shows us just how different\Nmen and women are in every way.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.22,0:06:20.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, we have this saying in medicine:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.03,0:06:24.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,children are not just little adults.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.72,0:06:28.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we say that to remind ourselves\Nthat children actually have
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.16,0:06:32.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a different physiology than normal adults.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.66,0:06:37.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's because of this that the medical\Nspecialty of pediatrics came to light.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.63,0:06:45.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we now conduct research on children\Nin order to improve their lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.18,0:06:47.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I know the same thing\Ncan be said about women.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.85,0:06:54.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Women are not just men\Nwith boobs and tubes,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.58,0:06:58.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they have their own anatomy\Nand physiology
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.16,0:07:01.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that deserves to be studied\Nwith the same intensity.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.34,0:07:06.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's take the cardiovascular\Nsystem, for example.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.82,0:07:11.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This are in medicine has done the most\Nto try to figure out why it seems
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.58,0:07:15.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,men and women have\Ncompletely different heart attacks.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.92,0:07:21.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Heart disease is the number one killer\Nfor both men and women,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.03,0:07:27.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but more women die within the first year\Nof having a heart attack than men.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.04,0:07:31.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Men will complain of crushing chest pain.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.06,0:07:34.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An elephant is sitting on their chest.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.85,0:07:37.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we call this typical.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.66,0:07:40.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Women have chest pain too,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.70,0:07:44.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but more women than men
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.13,0:07:48.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will complain of just not feeling right,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.34,0:07:51.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can't seem to get enough air in,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.26,0:07:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just so tired lately.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.00,0:07:57.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And for some reason we call this atypical,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.97,0:08:03.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though, as I mentioned,\Nwomen do make up half the population.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.27,0:08:09.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so what is some of the evidence\Nto help explain some of these differences?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.98,0:08:12.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we look at the anatomy,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.41,0:08:18.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the blood vessels that surround the heart\Nare smaller in women compared to men,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.66,0:08:23.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the way that those blood vessels\Ndevelop disease is different
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.12,0:08:25.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in women compared to men,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.90,0:08:30.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the test that we use to determine\Nif someone is at risk for a heart attack,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.94,0:08:35.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,well they were initially designed\Nand tested and perfected in men,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.54,0:08:40.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so aren't as good\Nat determining that in women.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.14,0:08:43.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then if we think\Nabout the medications,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.18,0:08:45.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,common medications that we use,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.06,0:08:47.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like Aspirin,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.73,0:08:52.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we give Aspirin to healthy men to help\Nprevent them from having a heart attack,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.21,0:08:56.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but do you know that if you give Aspirin\Nto a healthy woman,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.55,0:08:58.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's actually harmful?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.36,0:09:02.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What this is doing is merely telling us
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.82,0:09:07.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we are scratching the surface.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.14,0:09:11.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Emergency medicine\Nis a fast-paced business.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.58,0:09:19.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How many life-saving areas of medicine\Nlike cancer and stroke?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.01,0:09:24.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are there important differences between\Nmen and women that we could be utilizing?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.16,0:09:30.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or even, why is it that some people\Nget those runny noses more than others,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.08,0:09:34.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or why the pain medication that we give\Nto those stubbed toes
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.49,0:09:39.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,work in some and not in others?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.30,0:09:43.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Institute of Medicine has said
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.43,0:09:47.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every cell has a sex.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.94,0:09:50.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What does this mean?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.61,0:09:52.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sex is DNA.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.74,0:09:57.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Gender is how someone\Npresents themselves in society.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.88,0:10:00.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these two many not always match up,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.52,0:10:04.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as we can see with our\Ntransgendered population.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.63,0:10:09.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's important to realize\Nthat from the moment of conception,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.44,0:10:11.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every cell in our bodies --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.83,0:10:15.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,skin, hair, heart, and lungs --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.12,0:10:18.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,contain our own unique DNA,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.39,0:10:23.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that DNA contains the chromosomes\Nthat determine whether we become
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.82,0:10:28.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,male or female, man or woman.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.33,0:10:30.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It used to be thought
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.28,0:10:34.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that those sex-determining\Nchromosomes pictured here --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.34,0:10:37.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,xy if you're male, xx if you're female --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.59,0:10:42.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,merely determined whether you\Nwould be born with ovaries or testes,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.86,0:10:46.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it was the sex hormones\Nthat those organs produced
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.76,0:10:52.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were what was responsible for the\Ndifferences we see in the opposite sex.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.99,0:11:00.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we now know that that theory was wrong\Nor it's at least a little incomplete.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.05,0:11:04.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And thankfully, scientists like Dr. Page\Nfrom the Whitehead Institute,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.94,0:11:06.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who works on the y chromosome,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.85,0:11:11.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Doctor Yang from UCLA,\Nthey have found evidence
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.47,0:11:14.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that tells us that those\Nsex-determining chromosomes
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.77,0:11:17.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are in every cell in our bodies
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.30,0:11:20.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,continue to remain active
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.50,0:11:24.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for our entire lives,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.54,0:11:28.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and could be what's responsible\Nfor the differences we see
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.02,0:11:30.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the dosing of drugs,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.25,0:11:32.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or why there are differences\Nbetween men and women
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.97,0:11:37.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the susceptibility\Nand severity of diseases.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.01,0:11:42.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This new knowledge is the game-changer,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.34,0:11:48.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's up to those scientists\Nthat continue to find that evidence,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.75,0:11:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's up to the clinicians\Nto start translating this data
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.00,0:11:55.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the bedside,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.30,0:11:59.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,today, right now.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.50,0:12:04.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And to help do this, I'm a co-founder\Nof a national organization
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.47,0:12:07.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called Sex and Gender\NWomen's Health Collaborative,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.42,0:12:12.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we collect all of this data\Nso that it's available for teaching
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.22,0:12:14.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for patient care.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.24,0:12:19.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we're working to bring together\Nthe medical educators to the table.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.77,0:12:22.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a big job.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.12,0:12:29.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's changing the way medical training\Nhas been done since its inception.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.10,0:12:31.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I believe in them.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.72,0:12:37.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know they're going to see the value\Nof incorporating the gender lens
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.72,0:12:40.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into the current curriculum.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.74,0:12:45.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's about training the future\Nhealth care providers correctly.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.30,0:12:51.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And regionally, I'm a co-creator\Nof a division
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.04,0:12:53.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,within the Department\Nof Emergency Medicine
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.55,0:12:55.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,here at Brown University
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.47,0:12:57.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called Sex and Gender\Nin Emergency Medicine,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.86,0:13:02.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we conduct the research to determine\Nthe differences between men and women
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.46,0:13:04.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in emergent conditions,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.81,0:13:09.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like heart disease and stroke\Nand sepsis and substance abuse,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.82,0:13:14.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we also believe\Nthat education is paramount.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.30,0:13:19.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've created a 360-degree\Nmodel of education.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.25,0:13:24.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have programs for the doctors,\Nfor the nurses, for the students,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.96,0:13:27.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for the patients.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.42,0:13:32.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because this cannot just be left up\Nto the health care leaders.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.39,0:13:36.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We all have a role in making a difference.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.83,0:13:41.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I must warn you, this is not easy.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.84,0:13:45.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, it's hard.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.05,0:13:49.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's essentially changing the way\Nwe think about medicine
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.50,0:13:53.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and health and research.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.68,0:13:57.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's changing our relationship\Nto the health care system.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.86,0:14:01.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there's no going back.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.32,0:14:05.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We now know just enough
Dialogue: 0,0:14:05.06,0:14:09.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to know that we weren't doing it right.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.56,0:14:12.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Martin Luther King, Jr. has said,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.77,0:14:16.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Change does not roll in\Non the wheels of inevitability,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.76,0:14:20.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but comes through continuous struggle."
Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.34,0:14:24.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the first step towards change\Nis awareness.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.01,0:14:28.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is not just about improving\Nmedical care for women.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.56,0:14:34.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is about personalized,\Nindividualized health care for everyone.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:34.99,0:14:42.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This awareness has the power to transform\Nmedical care for men and women.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.93,0:14:48.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And from now on, I want you\Nto ask your doctors
Dialogue: 0,0:14:48.55,0:14:54.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether the treatments you are receiving\Nare specific to your sex and gender.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.22,0:14:57.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They may not know the answer,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:57.02,0:14:59.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,yet,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.04,0:15:03.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the conversation has begun,\Nand together we can all learn.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:03.80,0:15:08.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember, for me\Nand my colleagues in this field,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.24,0:15:11.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your sex and gender matter.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:11.40,0:15:13.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:13.65,0:15:16.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)