0:00:08.057,0:00:10.100
Tonight, I want to have a conversation

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about this incredible global issue[br]that's at the intersection

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of land use, food, and environment,

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something we can all relate to,

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and what I've been calling[br]"the other inconvenient truth".

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But first, I want to take you[br]on a little journey.

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Let's first visit our planet,[br]but at night and from space.

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This is what our planet looks like[br]from outer space

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at night time, if you were going to[br]take a satellite

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and travel around the planet.

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And the thing you would notice first,[br]of course,

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is how dominant the human presence[br]on our planet is.

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We see cities, we see oil fields,

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you can even make out[br]fishing fleets in the sea.

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We are dominating much[br]of our planet, and mostly

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through the use of energy[br]that we see here at night.

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But let's go back[br]and drop it a little deeper

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and look during the daytime.

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What we see during the day[br]is our landscapes.

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This is part of the Amazon Basin,[br]a place called Rondonia

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in the south center part of[br]the Brazilian Amazon.

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If you look really carefully[br]in the upper right hand corner,

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you're going to see a thin white line,

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which is a road[br]that was built in the 1970s.

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If we come back to the same place in 2001

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what we're going to find[br]is that these roads

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spurred off more roads[br]and more roads after that,

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at the end of which is a small clearing[br]in the rainforest,

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where there are going to be a few cows.

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These cows are used for beef.

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We're going to eat these cows,[br]and these cows are eaten

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basically in South America,[br]in Brazil and Argentina.

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They're not being shipped up here.

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But this kind of fish bone pattern[br]of deforestation

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is something we notice[br]a lot of around the tropics,

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especially in this part of the world.

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If we go a little bit further south

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on our little tour of the world,

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we can go to the Bolivian edge[br]of the Amazon,

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here also in 1975.

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And if you look really carefully,

0:01:58.299,0:02:01.461
there's a thin white line[br]through that kind of seam,

0:02:01.461,0:02:03.200
and there's a lone farmer out there

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in the middle of the primeval jungle.

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Let's come back again a few years later,[br]here in 2003.

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And we'll see that[br]that landscape actually looks

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a lot more like Iowa[br]than it does like a rainforest.

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In fact, what you're seeing here[br]are soybean fields.

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These soybeans are being shipped to Europe

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and to China as animal feed,

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especially after the Mad Cow Disease scare

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about a decade ago,[br]where we don't want to feed animals

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animal protein anymore,[br]because that can transmit disease.

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Instead, we want to feed them[br]more vegetable proteins,

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so soybeans have really exploded,

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showing how trade and globalization

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are really responsible for the connections

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to rainforest and the Amazon.

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An incredibly strange,[br]interconnected world

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that we have today.

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Well, again and again what we find

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as we look around the world[br]in our little tour of the world

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is that landscape after landscape[br]after landscape

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have been cleared and altered

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for growing food and other crops.

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So, one of the questions we've been asking

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is, how much of the world[br]is used to grow food,

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and where is it, exactly?

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And how can we change that[br]into the future,

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and what does it mean?

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Well, our team has been looking at this

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on a global scale using satellite data

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and ground based data[br]kind of to track farming

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at a global scale.

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And this is what we've found,[br]and it's startling.

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This map shows the presence[br]of agriculture on planet Earth.

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The green areas are the areas we use

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to grow crops like wheat,[br]or soybeans, or corn,

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or rice, or whatever.

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That's 16 million square kilometers[br]worth of land.

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If you put it all together in one place,

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it'd be the size of South America.

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The second area in brown[br]is the world's pastures

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and rangelands where our animals live.

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That area is about 30 million[br]square kilometers,

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or about an Africa's worth of land,

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a huge amount of land.[br]And it's the best land,

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of course, is what you see.

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What's left is like the middle[br]of the Sahara Desert,

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or Siberia, or the middle of a rainforest.

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We're using a planet's worth[br]of land already.

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If we look at this carefully,

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we find that about 40 percent[br]of the Earth's land surface

0:04:09.410,0:04:13.400
is devoted to agriculture,[br]and it's 60 times larger

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than all the areas we complain about:

0:04:15.500,0:04:19.000
our suburban sprawl, and our cities[br]where we mostly live.

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Half of humanity lives in cities today,

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but its 60 times larger area[br]is used to grow food.

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So, this is an amazing kind of result,

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and it really shocked us[br]when we looked at that.

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So we're using an enormous amount[br]of land for agriculture,

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but also we're using a lot of water.

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This is a photograph flying into Arizona,

0:04:37.329,0:04:40.271
and when you look at it you're like,[br]what are they growing here?

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It turns out, they're growing lettuce[br]in the middle of the desert

0:04:43.279,0:04:45.000
using water sprayed on top.

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Now, the irony is it's probably sold

0:04:46.900,0:04:49.130
on our supermarket shelves[br]in the Twin Cities.

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But what's really interesting is

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this water's got to come from some place,

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and it comes from here,[br]the Colorado River in North America.

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Well, the Colorado on[br]a typical day in the 1950s -

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this is just, not a flood, not a drought,

0:05:01.500,0:05:04.020
kind of an average day -[br]looks something like this.

0:05:04.020,0:05:07.160
But if we come back today[br]during a normal condition

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to the exact same location,[br]this is what's left.

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The difference is mainly[br]irrigating the desert for food,

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or maybe golf courses in Scottsdale.

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You take your pick.

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Well, this is a lot of water.

0:05:18.550,0:05:22.033
And again, we're mining water[br]and using it to grow food.

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And today, if you travel down[br]further down the Colorado,

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it dries up completely and no longer[br]flows into the ocean.

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We've literally consumed an entire river

0:05:30.550,0:05:33.200
in North America for irrigation.

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Well, that's not even the worst[br]example in the world.

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This probably is, the Aral Sea.

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Now, a lot of you will remember this

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from your geography classes.

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This is in the former Soviet Union[br]between Kazakhstan

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and Uzbekistan, one of the great[br]inland seas of the world.

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But there's kind of a paradox here,

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because it looks like[br]it's surrounded by desert.

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Why is this sea here?

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The reason it's here is because[br]on the right hand side

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you see two little rivers[br]kind of coming down

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through the sand,[br]feeding this basin with water.

0:06:01.900,0:06:04.150
Those rivers are draining snow melt

0:06:04.150,0:06:06.640
from mountains far to the east,[br]where snow melts,

0:06:06.640,0:06:08.500
travels down the river,[br]through the desert,

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and forms the great Aral Sea.

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Well, in the 1950s, the Soviets decided

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to divert that water[br]to irrigate the desert

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to grow cotton, believe it or not,[br]in Kazakhstan,

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to sell cotton[br]to the international markets

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to bring foreign currency[br]into the Soviet Union.

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They really needed the money.

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Well, you can imagine what happens:

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[if] you turn off the water supply[br]to the Aral Sea, what's going to happen?

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Here it is in 1973,

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1986,

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1999,

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2004,

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and about 11 months ago.

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It's pretty extraordinary.

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Now, a lot of us in the audience here[br]live in the Midwest.

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Imagine that was Lake Superior.

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Imagine that was Lake Huron.

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It's an extraordinary change.

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This is not only a change in water

0:07:00.200,0:07:01.700
and where the shoreline is,

0:07:01.700,0:07:04.930
it's a change in the fundamentals[br]of the environment of this region.

0:07:04.930,0:07:06.300
Let's start with this.

0:07:06.300,0:07:08.600
The Soviet Union didn't really[br]have a Sierra Club,

0:07:08.600,0:07:09.750
let's put it that way.

0:07:09.750,0:07:12.869
So what you find at the bottom[br]of the Aral Sea ain't pretty.

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There's a lot of toxic waste,

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a lot of things were dumped there,[br]they're now becoming airborne.

0:07:17.640,0:07:19.219
One of those small islands

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that was remote and impossible to get to

0:07:21.289,0:07:23.600
was a site of Soviet biological[br]weapons testing.

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You can walk there today.[br]Weather patterns have changed:

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19 of the unique 20 fish species[br]found only in the Aral Sea

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are now wiped off the face of the Earth.

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This is an environmental disaster[br]writ large.

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But let's bring it home.

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This is a picture that Al Gore[br]gave me a few years ago

0:07:40.090,0:07:42.220
that he took when he was[br]in the Soviet Union

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a long, long time ago showing

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the fishing fleets of the Aral Sea.

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You see the canal they dug?

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They're so desperate to try[br]to kind of float the boats

0:07:50.920,0:07:53.989
into the remaining pools of water[br]that they finally had to give up,

0:07:53.989,0:07:55.770
because the piers and moorings

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simply couldn't keep up[br]with the retreating shoreline.

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I don't know about you, but I'm terrified

0:08:00.220,0:08:02.240
that future archeologists[br]will dig this up

0:08:02.240,0:08:04.770
and write stories about our time[br]in history and wonder,

0:08:04.770,0:08:05.910
what were you thinking?

0:08:05.910,0:08:08.290
Well, that's the future[br]we have to look forward to.

0:08:08.290,0:08:09.800
We already use about 50 percent

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of the Earth's fresh water[br]that's sustainable,

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and agriculture alone[br]is 70 percent of that.

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So we use a lot of water,

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a lot of land for agriculture -

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we also use a lot of the atmosphere[br]for agriculture.

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Usually when we think[br]about the atmosphere,

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we think about climate change

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and greenhouse gases,[br]and mostly around energy.

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But it turns out, agriculture is one

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of the biggest emitters[br]of greenhouse gases, too.

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If you look at carbon dioxide[br]from burning tropical rainforest,

0:08:37.817,0:08:40.222
or methane coming from cows and rice,

0:08:40.222,0:08:43.484
or nitrous oxide[br]from too many fertilizers,

0:08:43.484,0:08:46.899
it turns out agriculture is 30 percent[br]of the greenhouse gases

0:08:46.899,0:08:49.060
going into the atmosphere[br]from human activity!

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That's more than all our transportation,

0:08:51.159,0:08:52.920
it's more than all our electricity,

0:08:52.920,0:08:55.573
it's more than all other manufacturing,[br]in fact.

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It's the single largest emitter[br]of greenhouse gases

0:08:58.700,0:09:00.750
of any human activity in the world,

0:09:00.750,0:09:03.200
and yet we don't talk about it very much.

0:09:03.200,0:09:06.065
So, we have this incredible presence today

0:09:06.065,0:09:08.220
of agriculture dominating our planet,

0:09:08.220,0:09:11.000
whether it's 40 percent[br]of our land's surface,

0:09:11.000,0:09:13.210
70 percent of the water we use,

0:09:13.210,0:09:15.670
30 percent of our greenhouse[br]gas emissions.

0:09:15.670,0:09:18.500
We've doubled the flows[br]of nitrogen and phosphorus

0:09:18.500,0:09:20.829
around the world simply[br]by using fertilizers,

0:09:20.829,0:09:23.170
causing huge problems of water quality

0:09:23.170,0:09:25.050
from rivers, lakes, and even oceans.

0:09:25.050,0:09:28.765
And it's also the single[br]biggest driver of biodiversity loss.

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So without a doubt, agriculture

0:09:31.504,0:09:35.299
is the single most powerful force[br]unleashed on this planet

0:09:35.299,0:09:37.979
since the end of the Ice Age, no question.

0:09:37.979,0:09:40.399
And it rivals climate change[br]in importance,

0:09:40.399,0:09:43.240
and they're both happening[br]at the same time.

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But what's really important[br]here to remember

0:09:45.600,0:09:47.500
is that it's not all bad.

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It's not that agriculture's a bad thing.

0:09:49.570,0:09:51.529
In fact, we completely depend on it.

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It's not optional, it's not a luxury.

0:09:53.869,0:09:55.399
It's an absolute necessity.

0:09:55.399,0:09:58.200
We have to provide food and feed, and yes,

0:09:58.200,0:09:59.799
fiber, and even biofuels

0:09:59.799,0:10:03.100
to something like seven billion[br]people in the world today.

0:10:03.100,0:10:05.089
And if anything, we're going to have

0:10:05.089,0:10:07.950
the demands on agriculture[br]increase into the future.

0:10:07.950,0:10:09.420
It's not going to go away:

0:10:09.420,0:10:10.960
it's going to get a lot bigger,

0:10:10.960,0:10:12.800
mainly because of growing population.

0:10:12.800,0:10:14.900
We're seven billion people today

0:10:14.900,0:10:16.600
heading towards at least nine,

0:10:16.600,0:10:19.059
probably nine and a half[br]before we're done.

0:10:19.059,0:10:21.680
More importantly, changing diets

0:10:21.680,0:10:25.019
as the world becomes wealthier[br]as well as more populous -

0:10:25.019,0:10:28.000
we're seeing increases in[br]dietary consumption of meat,

0:10:28.000,0:10:31.289
which take a lot more resources[br]than a vegetarian diet does.

0:10:31.289,0:10:35.460
So more people eating[br]more stuff and richer stuff,

0:10:35.460,0:10:38.299
and of course, having an energy[br]crisis at the same time

0:10:38.299,0:10:41.950
where we have to replace[br]oil with other energy sources

0:10:41.950,0:10:43.800
that will ultimately have to include

0:10:43.800,0:10:46.229
some kinds of biofuels[br]and bioenergy sources.

0:10:46.229,0:10:49.200
So, you put these together,[br]it's really hard to see

0:10:49.200,0:10:51.539
how we're going to get[br]to the rest of the century

0:10:51.539,0:10:55.240
without at least doubling global[br]agricultural production.

0:10:55.240,0:10:56.880
Well, how are we going to do this?

0:10:56.880,0:10:58.270
How are we going to double

0:10:58.270,0:11:00.800
global agro production around the world?

0:11:00.800,0:11:03.100
Well, we could try to farm more land:

0:11:03.100,0:11:05.340
this is an analysis we've done[br]where on the left

0:11:05.340,0:11:07.110
is where the crops are today.

0:11:07.110,0:11:09.634
On the right is where they could be,

0:11:09.634,0:11:11.430
based on soils and climate,

0:11:11.430,0:11:14.289
assuming climate change[br]doesn't disrupt too much of this,

0:11:14.289,0:11:16.000
which is not a good assumption.

0:11:16.000,0:11:18.649
We could farm more land,[br]but the problem is,

0:11:18.649,0:11:21.103
the remaining lands[br]are in sensitive areas:

0:11:21.103,0:11:23.719
they have a lot of biodiversity,[br]a lot of carbon,

0:11:23.719,0:11:25.635
things we want to protect.

0:11:25.635,0:11:28.649
So we could grow more food[br]by expanding farmland,

0:11:28.649,0:11:29.800
but we'd better not,

0:11:29.800,0:11:31.609
because it's ecologically a very,

0:11:31.609,0:11:33.079
very dangerous thing to do.

0:11:33.079,0:11:36.899
Instead, we maybe want to freeze[br]the footprint of agriculture

0:11:36.899,0:11:39.399
and farm the lands we have better.

0:11:39.399,0:11:41.079
This is work that we're doing

0:11:41.079,0:11:43.160
to try to highlight places in the world

0:11:43.160,0:11:46.869
where we could improve yields[br]without harming the environment.

0:11:46.869,0:11:49.549
The green areas here[br]show where corn yields

0:11:49.549,0:11:51.380
- just showing corn as an example -

0:11:51.380,0:11:53.741
are already really high,[br]probably the maximum

0:11:53.741,0:11:56.722
you could find on Earth today[br]for that climate and soil.

0:11:56.722,0:11:59.039
But the brown areas and yellow areas

0:11:59.039,0:12:01.760
are places where we're only getting[br]maybe 20 or 30 percent

0:12:01.760,0:12:03.610
of the yield you should be able to get.

0:12:03.610,0:12:06.050
You see a lot of this in Africa,[br]even Latin America,

0:12:06.050,0:12:07.877
but interestingly, Eastern Europe,

0:12:07.877,0:12:10.740
where Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc[br]countries used to be,

0:12:10.740,0:12:12.500
is still a mess, agriculturally.

0:12:12.500,0:12:15.779
Now, this would require[br]nutrients and water.

0:12:15.779,0:12:18.250
It's going to either be organic,[br]or conventional,

0:12:18.250,0:12:20.099
or some mix of the two to deliver that.

0:12:20.099,0:12:22.152
Plants need water and nutrients.

0:12:22.165,0:12:24.319
But we can do this,[br]and there are opportunities

0:12:24.319,0:12:25.500
to make this work.

0:12:25.500,0:12:27.712
But we have to do it[br]in a way that is sensitive

0:12:27.712,0:12:29.994
to meeting the food[br]security needs of the future

0:12:29.994,0:12:32.631
and the environmental[br]security needs of the future.

0:12:32.631,0:12:35.820
We have to figure out[br]how to make this tradeoff

0:12:35.820,0:12:39.500
between growing food and having[br]healthy environment work better.

0:12:39.500,0:12:42.299
Right now, it's kind of[br]all or nothing proposition.

0:12:42.299,0:12:44.140
We can grow food in the background

0:12:44.140,0:12:47.399
- that's a soybean field -[br]and in this flower diagram

0:12:47.399,0:12:49.000
it shows we grow a lot of food,

0:12:49.000,0:12:50.939
but we don't have a lot of clean water,

0:12:50.939,0:12:52.639
we're not storing a lot of carbon,

0:12:52.639,0:12:54.469
we don't have a lot of biodiversity.

0:12:54.469,0:12:56.530
In the foreground, we have this prairie

0:12:56.530,0:12:58.720
that's wonderful[br]from the environmental side,

0:12:58.720,0:13:01.070
but you can't eat anything.[br]What's there to eat?

0:13:01.070,0:13:03.400
We need to figure out[br]how to bring both of those

0:13:03.400,0:13:06.099
together into a new kind of agriculture

0:13:06.099,0:13:07.700
that brings them all together.

0:13:07.700,0:13:10.083
Now, when I talk about this,[br]people often tell me,

0:13:10.083,0:13:13.500
well, isn't - blank - the answer,[br]or organic food,

0:13:13.500,0:13:18.230
local food, GMOs, new trade subsidies,[br]new farmvilles?

0:13:18.230,0:13:20.300
And yes, we have a lot of good ideas here,

0:13:20.300,0:13:23.699
but not any one of these[br]is a silver bullet.

0:13:23.699,0:13:25.280
In fact, what I think they are

0:13:25.280,0:13:27.000
is more like silver buckshot.

0:13:27.000,0:13:28.660
And I love silver buckshot:

0:13:28.660,0:13:31.519
you put it together,[br]and you've got something really powerful.

0:13:31.519,0:13:33.369
But we need to put them together.

0:13:33.369,0:13:35.399
So what we have to do, I think,

0:13:35.399,0:13:37.859
is invent a new kind of agriculture

0:13:37.859,0:13:40.850
that blends the best ideas[br]of commercial agriculture

0:13:40.850,0:13:42.200
in the Green Revolution

0:13:42.200,0:13:45.439
with the best ideas[br]of organic farming and local food,

0:13:45.439,0:13:48.850
and the best ideas[br]of environmental conservation.

0:13:48.850,0:13:50.649
Not to have them fighting each other,

0:13:50.649,0:13:52.750
but to have them collaborating together

0:13:52.750,0:13:54.704
to form a new kind of agriculture,

0:13:54.704,0:13:56.799
something I call terraculture,

0:13:56.799,0:13:59.100
or farming for a whole planet.

0:13:59.100,0:14:01.000
Now, having this kind of conversation

0:14:01.000,0:14:02.400
has been really hard.

0:14:02.400,0:14:05.430
We've been trying very hard[br]to bring these key points to people

0:14:05.430,0:14:08.300
to reduce the controversy[br]and increase the collaboration.

0:14:08.300,0:14:09.960
I'm going to show you a short video

0:14:09.960,0:14:12.160
that does kind of show[br]our efforts right now

0:14:12.160,0:14:14.850
to bring these sides together[br]into a single conversation.

0:14:14.850,0:14:16.649
So let me show you that.

0:14:17.833,0:14:20.899
(Music)[br][Environment.]

0:14:20.899,0:14:23.540
[Institute on the environment –[br]University of Minnesota]

0:14:23.540,0:14:24.759
[Driven to discover]

0:14:24.759,0:14:27.742
[The world population is growing]

0:14:27.742,0:14:29.745
[by 75 million people each year.]

0:14:29.745,0:14:32.579
[That's almost the size of Germany.]

0:14:32.579,0:14:35.299
[Today, we're nearing 7 billion people.]

0:14:35.299,0:14:38.250
[At this rate, we'll reach[br]9 billion people by 2040.]

0:14:38.250,0:14:39.920
[And we all need food.]

0:14:39.920,0:14:41.200
[But how?]

0:14:41.200,0:14:44.399
[How do we feed a growing world[br]without destroying the planet?]

0:14:44.399,0:14:47.262
[We already know climate change[br]is a big problem.]

0:14:47.262,0:14:48.805
[But it's not the only problem.]

0:14:48.805,0:14:51.640
[We need to face[br]“the other inconvenient truth.”:]

0:14:51.640,0:14:54.393
[a global crisis in agriculture.]

0:14:54.393,0:14:58.231
[Population growth, meat consumption,[br]dairy consumption, energy costs]

0:14:58.231,0:15:00.900
[bioenergy production[br]= stress on natural resources.]

0:15:00.900,0:15:04.160
[More than 40% of Earth's land[br]has been cleared for agriculture.]

0:15:04.160,0:15:06.812
[Global croplands cover[br]16 million square kilometers.]

0:15:06.812,0:15:09.250
[That's almost the size of South America.]

0:15:09.250,0:15:11.590
[Global pastures cover[br]30 million square kms.]

0:15:11.590,0:15:13.430
[That's the size of Africa.]

0:15:13.430,0:15:15.832
[Agriculture uses 60 times more land]

0:15:15.832,0:15:18.251
[than urban and suburban areas combined.]

0:15:18.251,0:15:21.545
[Irrigation is the biggest[br]use of water on the planet.]

0:15:21.545,0:15:25.699
[We use 2,800 cube kilometers[br]of water on crops every year.]

0:15:25.699,0:15:29.850
[That's enough to fill 7,305[br]Empire State Buildings every day.]

0:15:29.850,0:15:32.515
[Today, many large rivers[br]have reduced flows.]

0:15:32.515,0:15:34.000
[Some dry up altogether.]

0:15:34.000,0:15:38.500
[Look at the Aral Sea,[br]now turned to desert.]

0:15:38.500,0:15:42.460
[Or the Colorado river,[br]which no longer flows to the ocean.]

0:15:42.460,0:15:44.310
[Fertilizers have more than doubled]

0:15:44.310,0:15:46.400
[the phosphorus and nitrogen[br]in the environment.]

0:15:46.400,0:15:47.299
[The consequence?]

0:15:47.299,0:15:49.329
[Widespread water pollution]

0:15:49.329,0:15:51.799
[and massive degradation[br]of lakes and rivers.]

0:15:51.799,0:15:55.470
[Surprisingly, agriculture is the biggest[br]contributor to climate change:]

0:15:55.470,0:15:58.219
[it generates 30%[br]of greenhouse gas emissions.]

0:15:58.219,0:16:01.350
[That's more than the emission[br]from all electricity and industry.]

0:16:01.350,0:16:04.000
[Or from all the world's planes,[br]trains and automobiles.]

0:16:04.000,0:16:06.820
[Most agricultural emissions[br]come from tropical deforestation,]

0:16:06.820,0:16:08.656
[methane from animals and rice fields]

0:16:08.656,0:16:10.570
[and nitrous oxide from over-fertilizing.]

0:16:10.570,0:16:13.860
[There is nothing we do that transforms[br]the world more than agriculture.]

0:16:13.860,0:16:16.939
[And there's nothing we do that is more[br]crucial to our survival.]

0:16:16.939,0:16:18.280
[Here's the dilemma...]

0:16:18.280,0:16:22.000
[as the world grows[br]by several billion more people,]

0:16:22.000,0:16:26.530
[we'll need to double, maybe even triple,[br]global food production.]

0:16:26.530,0:16:28.199
[So where do we go from here?]

0:16:28.199,0:16:31.050
[We need a bigger conversation,[br]an international dialogue.]

0:16:31.050,0:16:32.980
[We need to invest in real solutions:]

0:16:32.980,0:16:35.230
[incentives for farmers -[br]precision agriculture -]

0:16:35.230,0:16:37.039
[new crop varieties - drip irrigation]

0:16:37.039,0:16:40.500
[gray water recycling[br]- better tillage practices- smarter diets]

0:16:40.500,0:16:43.130
[We need everyone at the table:]

0:16:43.130,0:16:45.049
[advocates of commercial agriculture,]

0:16:45.049,0:16:46.590
[environmental conservation,]

0:16:46.590,0:16:47.756
[and organic farming...]

0:16:47.756,0:16:49.930
[must work together.]

0:16:49.930,0:16:51.564
[There is no single solution:]

0:16:51.564,0:16:52.864
[we need collaboration,]

0:16:52.864,0:16:54.030
[imagination,]

0:16:54.030,0:16:54.950
[determination.]

0:16:54.950,0:16:57.392
[Because failure is not an option.]

0:16:59.240,0:17:02.313
[How do we feed the world[br]without destroying it?]

0:17:02.313,0:17:03.820
Jonathan Foley:[br]And so, we face

0:17:03.820,0:17:05.500
one of the greatest grand challenges

0:17:05.500,0:17:07.400
in all of human history today:

0:17:07.400,0:17:09.880
the need to feed nine billion people

0:17:09.880,0:17:13.699
and do so sustainably[br]and equitably and justly.

0:17:13.699,0:17:16.000
At the same time, protecting our planet

0:17:16.000,0:17:18.000
for this and future generations.

0:17:18.000,0:17:20.210
This is going to be one[br]of the hardest things

0:17:20.210,0:17:21.869
we ever have done in human history,

0:17:21.869,0:17:25.000
and we absolutely have to get it right.

0:17:25.000,0:17:29.500
And we have to get it right[br]on our first and only try.

0:17:29.500,0:17:32.000
So, thanks very much.

0:17:32.000,0:17:35.000
(Applause)