[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.64,0:00:08.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the third millenium BCE,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.41,0:00:13.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mesopotamian kings recorded and\Ninterpreted their dreams on wax tablets.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.81,0:00:15.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A thousand years later,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.15,0:00:17.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ancient Egyptians wrote a dream book
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.25,0:00:20.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,listing over a hundred common dreams\Nand their meanings.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.65,0:00:21.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in the years since,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.86,0:00:25.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we haven't paused in our quest\Nto understand why we dream.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.65,0:00:28.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, after a great deal\Nof scientific research,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.12,0:00:29.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,technological advancement,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.79,0:00:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and persistence,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.00,0:00:36.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we still don't have any definite answers,\Nbut we have some interesting theories.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.44,0:00:40.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We dream to fulfill our wishes.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.94,0:00:42.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the early 1900s,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.49,0:00:46.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sigmund Freud proposed that while all\Nof our dreams, including our nightmares,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.51,0:00:49.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are a collection of images\Nfrom our daily conscious lives,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.85,0:00:51.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they also have symbolic meanings,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.90,0:00:55.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which relate to the fulfillment\Nof our subconscious wishes.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.46,0:00:59.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Freud theorized that everything \Nwe remember when we wake up from a dream
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.15,0:01:01.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a symbolic representation
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.05,0:01:05.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of our unconscious primitive thoughts,\Nurges, and desires.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.54,0:01:08.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Freud believed that by analyzing\Nthose remembered elements,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.49,0:01:12.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the unconscious content would be revealed\Nto our conscious mind,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.18,0:01:14.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and psychological issues stemming\Nfrom its repression
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.75,0:01:17.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could be addressed and resolved.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.62,0:01:20.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We dream to remember.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.79,0:01:23.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To increase performance \Non certain mental tasks,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.19,0:01:24.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sleep is good,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.54,0:01:27.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but dreaming while sleeping is better.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.11,0:01:28.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2010, researchers found
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.78,0:01:32.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that subjects were much better \Nat getting through a complex 3-D maze
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.77,0:01:37.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if they had napped and dreamed\Nof the maze prior to their second attempt.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.48,0:01:39.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, they were up to \Nten times better at it
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.97,0:01:44.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than those who only thought of the maze\Nwhile awake between attempts,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.21,0:01:48.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and those who napped but did not dream\Nabout the maze.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.74,0:01:51.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Researchers theorize that certain\Nmemory processes
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.27,0:01:53.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can happen only when we are asleep,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.40,0:01:58.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and our dreams are a signal\Nthat these processes are taking place.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.20,0:02:02.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We dream to forget.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.54,0:02:05.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are about 10,000 trillion \Nneural connections
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.05,0:02:07.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,within the architecture of your brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.62,0:02:11.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are created by everything you think\Nand everything you do.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.51,0:02:15.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A 1983 neurobiological theory of dreaming,\Ncalled reverse learning,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.87,0:02:19.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,holds that while sleeping,\Nand mainly during REM sleep cycles,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.49,0:02:22.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your neocortex reviews \Nthese neural connections
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.76,0:02:25.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and dumps the unnecessary ones.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.33,0:02:27.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Without this unlearning process,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.10,0:02:28.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which results in your dreams,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.92,0:02:31.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your brain could be overrun \Nby useless connections
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.62,0:02:34.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and parasitic thoughts could disrupt\Nthe necessary thinking
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.96,0:02:37.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you need to do while you're awake.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.30,0:02:42.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We dream to keep our brains working.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.82,0:02:46.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The continual activation theory proposes\Nthat your dreams result
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.26,0:02:51.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from your brain's need to constantly\Nconsolidate and create long-term memories
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.55,0:02:53.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to function properly.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.29,0:02:55.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when external input falls\Nbelow a certain level,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.79,0:02:57.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like when you're asleep,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.33,0:02:58.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your brain automatically triggers
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.91,0:03:01.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the generation of data \Nfrom its memory storages,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.59,0:03:04.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which appear to you in the form of\Nthe thoughts and feelings
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.46,0:03:06.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you experience in your dreams.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.85,0:03:07.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In other words,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.72,0:03:10.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your dreams might be\Na random screen saver your brain turns on
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.97,0:03:14.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it doesn't completely shut down.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.20,0:03:18.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We dream to rehearse.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.14,0:03:21.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dreams involving dangerous and threatening\Nsituations are very common,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.99,0:03:24.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the primitive instinct \Nrehearsal theory
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.07,0:03:27.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,holds that the content of a dream\Nis significant to its purpose.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.79,0:03:31.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whether it's an anxiety-filled night of\Nbeing chased through the woods by a bear
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.65,0:03:34.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or fighting off a ninja in a dark alley,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.19,0:03:37.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these dreams allow you to practice\Nyour fight or flight instincts
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.66,0:03:41.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and keep them sharp and dependable\Nin case you'll need them in real life.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.72,0:03:43.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it doesn't always have \Nto be unpleasant.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.95,0:03:46.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For instance, dreams \Nabout your attractive neighbor
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.39,0:03:50.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could actually give your reproductive\Ninstinct some practice, too.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.57,0:03:54.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We dream to heal.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.51,0:03:57.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stress neurotransmitters in the brain\Nare much less active
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.79,0:03:59.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,during the REM stage of sleep,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.84,0:04:02.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even during dreams \Nof traumatic experiences,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.43,0:04:04.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leading some researchers to theorize
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.17,0:04:08.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that one purpose of dreaming is to take\Nthe edge off painful experiences
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.63,0:04:10.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to allow for psychological healing.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.88,0:04:13.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Reviewing traumatic events\Nin your dreams with less mental stress
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.100,0:04:16.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,may grant you a clearer perspective
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.07,0:04:20.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and enhanced ability to process them\Nin psychologically healthy ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.14,0:04:25.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People with certain mood disorders\Nand PTSD often have difficulty sleeping,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.28,0:04:28.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leading some scientists to believe\Nthat lack of dreaming
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.20,0:04:32.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,may be a contributing factor\Nto their illnesses.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.69,0:04:37.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We dream to solve problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.36,0:04:40.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unconstrained by reality\Nand the rules of conventional logic,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.26,0:04:43.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in your dreams, your mind can create\Nlimitless scenarios
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.27,0:04:45.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help you grasp problems
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.26,0:04:49.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and formulate solutions\Nthat you may not consider while awake.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.30,0:04:51.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,John Steinbeck called it \Nthe committee of sleep,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.53,0:04:53.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and research has demonstrated
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.02,0:04:56.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the effectiveness of dreaming \Non problem solving.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.61,0:04:58.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's also how renowned chemist \NAugust Kekule
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.96,0:05:01.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,discovered the structure \Nof the benzene molecule,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.88,0:05:05.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's the reason that sometimes \Nthe best solution for a problem
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.18,0:05:06.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to sleep on it.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.92,0:05:10.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And those are just a few of the more\Nprominent theories.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.29,0:05:13.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As technology increases our capability\Nfor understanding the brain,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.86,0:05:15.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's possible that one day
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.50,0:05:18.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we will discover \Nthe definitive reason for them.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.06,0:05:21.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But until that time arrives,\Nwe'll just have to keep on dreaming.