[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.88,0:00:34.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Sound of iceberg crumbling\Nand running into the ocean)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.54,0:00:53.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What you just witnessed was an iceberg\Nabout the size of Manhattan
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.78,0:00:58.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,breaking off a cliff in Greenland\Nto drift out and melt into the ocean.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.60,0:01:02.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Arctic region is melting\Nas it's heated twice as fast
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.89,0:01:04.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the rest of the planet,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.51,0:01:08.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and science every day brings us news,\Nalarming news, from the North.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.21,0:01:11.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Science tend to always bring us\Nbad news from the North.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.05,0:01:14.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just yesterday it was announced
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.10,0:01:17.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that this April is the warmest\Nwe've ever experienced.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.75,0:01:19.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In certain parts of Greenland,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.93,0:01:23.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was not one degree warmer,\Nnot two degrees warmer,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.21,0:01:27.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was nine and a half degrees warmer\Nthan normal April's would be.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.99,0:01:34.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I think the Arctic has become a symbol\Nof global change and pending disaster.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.85,0:01:39.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was myself born in Greenland\Na very long time ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.39,0:01:45.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I came from Greenland to Denmark\Nand the U.S. to become a scientist,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.41,0:01:49.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to study geology with the one purpose\Nof being able to come back
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.55,0:01:55.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and do my fieldwork every summer\Nin the vast Arctic nature.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.29,0:01:58.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think it's kind of misleading
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.75,0:02:03.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the Arctic has gotten this emblem\Nof being a symbol of disaster
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.97,0:02:08.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the reason why we,\Nas scientists, go into the Arctic
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.25,0:02:12.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is because the Arctic is the most\Nwonderful region on the planet.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.75,0:02:15.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is the most beautiful place\Nand every scientist I know,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.64,0:02:19.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they go to the Arctic\Nwith that one particular reason:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.17,0:02:21.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be in this beautiful place.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.03,0:02:24.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In contrast to what we see, those of us\Nwho live in the Arctic, of course,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.56,0:02:28.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,industries see another property\Nof the Arctic: they see opportunity.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.88,0:02:32.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The heating of the Arctic\Nis supposed to give access
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.11,0:02:36.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to new mineral resources;\Noil, gas, gold, fish, whatever,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.96,0:02:39.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the business plan seems to be,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.59,0:02:44.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Let us go and exploit and scavenge\Nthe last drop of everything
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.49,0:02:47.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is left in that last place on Earth
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.31,0:02:50.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that has not yet\Nbeen destroyed by humankind."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.68,0:02:53.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think the question\Nthat I would like to pose today is:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.52,0:02:56.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is that really the best idea\Nwe can come up with
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.92,0:02:59.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and do exactly the same\Nthat has destroyed everywhere else
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.68,0:03:02.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the last place\Nthat has not been destroyed yet?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.69,0:03:08.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My suggestion is that we cannot risk\Nto do those vast expanses
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.49,0:03:11.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of undestroyed nature\Nthat the Arctic still possesses,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.11,0:03:16.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we have to use our research capacity\Nto try and come up with something
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.45,0:03:21.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is more smart, and more sustainablem\Nand more long-term benefit for mankind.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.70,0:03:25.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I suggest that instead of doing\Nwhat we had done everywhere else,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.08,0:03:26.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we should do something new,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.88,0:03:30.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we should find out\Nwhat are the true values of the Arctic.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.75,0:03:35.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have a specific suggestion,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.83,0:03:42.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a method that I think could be a way\Nof using the melting of the Arctic region
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.55,0:03:46.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to actually fight problems\Notherwhere on the planet.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.47,0:03:51.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the major problems we have\Nbeside the climate change, of course,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.91,0:03:54.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is inequality and food security.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.71,0:04:00.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we look at the wealth on Earth, we know\Nit's unevenly distributed on the planet,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.24,0:04:02.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some regions are rich, some are poor.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.35,0:04:06.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The rich regions, which are not\Nwhat's shown on this map,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.04,0:04:09.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but could as well have been,\Nthis map shows soil quality.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.04,0:04:12.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It shows where the crops that,\Nas coming from the fields,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.44,0:04:14.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are richest on the planet.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.11,0:04:18.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see that richness couples completely\Nwith where the soil was good.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.08,0:04:23.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The reason for this is not\Nthat the soil has always been like that,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.84,0:04:28.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is because the soil was replenished\Nwith minerals during the last ice age.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.30,0:04:31.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ice came down from the north,\Nscoured the rocks,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.10,0:04:34.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,turned it into a fine powder\Nand dumped it in front of the glaciers
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.90,0:04:38.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and fertilized the grounds across\NNorth America, Europe, and Asia,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.04,0:04:41.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's where everything\Nthat feeds humankind today grows.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.41,0:04:44.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the other hand,\Nif you look into the tropics,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.15,0:04:48.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have red barren soils\Nwith very poor fertility,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.14,0:04:51.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that is the reason\Nwhy people in the tropics are poor,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.58,0:04:53.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why we have malnutrition\Nand undernutrition,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.94,0:04:58.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because these soils are basically\Nimpossible to grow crops on.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.19,0:05:00.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My suggestion is very simple.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.06,0:05:06.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Greenland, where we have the last bit\Nof the ice cap in the Northern Hemisphere,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.51,0:05:09.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's melting right now,\Nit's been melting forever,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.07,0:05:10.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but now it's melting faster,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.68,0:05:15.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's flushing out billions of tons\Nof very finely ground rock flour
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.22,0:05:18.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that contains all the mineral nutrients\Nthat are missing in the tropics.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.77,0:05:23.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The idea is that we take that mud,\Nthis material from Greenland,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.61,0:05:27.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,transferred to the tropical regions\Nand spread it on the ground,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.28,0:05:31.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where it will re-fertilize the soil\Nand provide for new wealth
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.16,0:05:33.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and new development in these countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.11,0:05:35.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the same time the Arctic region
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.37,0:05:39.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is also, of course, needing\Ndevelopment and new trades
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.38,0:05:42.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but rather than doing the same again\Nas we have done everywhere else,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.70,0:05:45.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we could do something\Nto develop the Arctic
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.23,0:05:48.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that at the same time does something good\Nin the rest of the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.37,0:05:51.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My suggestion is again\Nthat we take the mud
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.89,0:05:56.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,coming out of the glaciers in Greenland\Nand take it to the tropics,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.15,0:05:59.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the mud that you find in Greenland\Nis unlike any other mud you find.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.78,0:06:03.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The mud you have in the Amazon,\Nthe Mississippi, or any other major river,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.95,0:06:08.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is what's leftover after all the nutrients\Nhave been sucked out of the ground,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.72,0:06:11.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the leftovers\Nare flushed down the river.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.06,0:06:16.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whereas in Greenland, it has,\Nintact all the minerals
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.21,0:06:17.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that plants need to grow in.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.94,0:06:23.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Greenland this is dumped by the rivers\Nin the fjords, the valleys, and the lakes,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.68,0:06:26.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's very easy to take it\Nwithout making a large industry
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.96,0:06:29.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without having\Nany chemical treatment, anything.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.60,0:06:34.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You basically just take up this stuff\Nand take it to where it's needed.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.67,0:06:37.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That, of course, begs a new question:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.69,0:06:41.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is that really a good idea to take\Nmillions of tons of something
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.74,0:06:45.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from someplace on Earth\Nand take it to some other part of Earth?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.66,0:06:48.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Isn't that another climate threat?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.10,0:06:51.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is that not something that's going\Nto make our problem even greater?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.34,0:06:54.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My suggestion is that it's not,\Nbecause the good news is
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.74,0:06:57.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the mechanism by which\Nthe nutrients are released
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.98,0:07:01.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from this material to the plants\Nis a process we call "weathering":
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.72,0:07:04.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,weathering is when something, minerals,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.49,0:07:07.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,react the carbon dioxide\Nfrom the atmosphere.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.75,0:07:10.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We take this, spread it\Non the tropical soils.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.29,0:07:13.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happens is that it will start\Nreacting the CO2 from the atmosphere
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.70,0:07:15.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and draw it out of the atmosphere.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.45,0:07:19.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can calculate that\Nby transporting this material
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.24,0:07:21.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the Arctic to the tropics,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.40,0:07:25.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we actually emit less CO2 in the process
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.43,0:07:30.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than we consume by the reaction\Nof this material with the atmosphere.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.54,0:07:36.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My suggestion is that Greenlandic\Nglacier mud can be a solution
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.83,0:07:41.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to problems like hunger\Nand poverty in the tropics,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.56,0:07:43.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also it will lower the incentive
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.59,0:07:47.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to cut rainforest to make\Nnew land for agriculture.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.41,0:07:50.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Therefore I will suggest
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.99,0:07:55.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the Arctic could be\Na source of good news finally.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.45,0:07:59.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I will say that Greenland\Nis not called "Greenland" for nothing,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.94,0:08:03.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's actually the place\Nthat could make parts of the Earth
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.04,0:08:06.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is now barren green\Nas we see Greenland is here.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.24,0:08:08.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's time for good news from the North.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.55,0:08:11.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)