[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.06,0:00:08.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Have you ever heard the sound of frogs
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.70,0:00:10.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,calling at night?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.12,0:00:11.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For hundreds of millions of years,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.88,0:00:15.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this croaking lullaby has filled the nighttime air.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.06,0:00:16.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But recent studies suggest
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.64,0:00:18.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that these frogs are in danger
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.23,0:00:20.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of playing their final note.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.31,0:00:21.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over the past few decades,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.90,0:00:25.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,amphibian populations have been rapidly disappearing worldwide.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.78,0:00:28.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nearly one-third of the world's amphibian species
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.24,0:00:29.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are endanger of extinction,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.83,0:00:32.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and over 100 species have already disappeared.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.87,0:00:35.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But don't worry, there's still hope.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.42,0:00:37.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before we get into how to save the frogs,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.34,0:00:38.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let's start by taking a look
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.80,0:00:40.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at why they're disappearing
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.17,0:00:42.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and why it's important to keep them around.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.68,0:00:44.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Habitat destruction is the number one problem
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.92,0:00:47.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for frog populations around the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.35,0:00:49.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are seven billion humans on the planet,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.70,0:00:52.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we compete with frogs for habitat.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.03,0:00:54.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We build cities, suburbs, and farms
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.34,0:00:55.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on top of frog habitat
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.76,0:00:57.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and chop forests
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.12,0:00:58.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and drain the wetlands
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.12,0:00:59.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that serve as home
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.05,0:01:01.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for numerous amphibian populations.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.54,0:01:04.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Climate change alters precipitation levels,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.29,0:01:07.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,drying up ponds, streams, and cloud forests.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.66,0:01:10.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As the Earth's human population continues to grow,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.34,0:01:13.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so will the threats amphibians face.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.17,0:01:14.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are a variety of other factors
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.80,0:01:17.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,contributing to the frogs' decline.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.06,0:01:19.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over-harvesting for the pet and food trade
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.32,0:01:20.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,results in millions of frogs
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.76,0:01:23.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being taken out of the wild each year.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.31,0:01:24.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Invasive species,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.42,0:01:26.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as non-native trout and crawfish,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.48,0:01:28.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eat native frogs.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.01,0:01:29.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Humans are facilitating the spread
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.48,0:01:30.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of infectious diseases
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.85,0:01:32.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by shipping over 100 million amphibians
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.92,0:01:34.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around the world each year
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.70,0:01:37.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for use as food, pets, bait,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.03,0:01:38.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in laboratories and zoos,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.49,0:01:41.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with few regulations or quarantines.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.28,0:01:42.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of these diseases,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.84,0:01:44.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,chytridiomycosis,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.29,0:01:46.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has driven stream-dwelling amphibian populations
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.56,0:01:47.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to extinction
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.87,0:01:48.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Africa,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.65,0:01:49.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Australia,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.33,0:01:49.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Europe,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.92,0:01:52.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and North, Central, and South America.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.42,0:01:54.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On top of all these problems,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.26,0:01:57.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we add hundreds of millions of kilograms of pesticides
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.13,0:01:59.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to our ecosystems each year.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.14,0:02:00.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these chemicals are easily absorbed
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.90,0:02:02.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through amphibians' permeable skin,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.89,0:02:04.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,causing immunosuppression,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.63,0:02:05.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or a weakened immune system,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.84,0:02:08.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and developmental deformities.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.90,0:02:10.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, so why are these little green guys
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.81,0:02:12.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,worth keeping around?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.31,0:02:14.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Frogs are important for a multitude of reasons.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.84,0:02:16.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're an integral part of the food web,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.65,0:02:18.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eating flies, ticks, mosquitoes,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.84,0:02:20.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and other disease vectors,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.21,0:02:22.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thus, protecting us against malaria,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.61,0:02:23.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dengue fever,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.65,0:02:25.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and other illnesses.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.34,0:02:27.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tadpoles keep waterways clean
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.05,0:02:28.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by feeding on algae,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.26,0:02:29.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reducing the demand
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.34,0:02:31.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on our community's filtration systems
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.42,0:02:33.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and keeping our cost of water low.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.84,0:02:35.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Frogs serve as a source of food
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.51,0:02:39.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for birds, fish, snakes, dragonflies, and even monkeys.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.47,0:02:40.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When frogs disappear,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.84,0:02:42.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the food web is disturbed,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.42,0:02:45.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and other animals can disappear as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.06,0:02:47.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Amphibians are also extremely important
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.23,0:02:48.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in human medicine.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.72,0:02:50.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over ten percent of the Nobel prizes
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.76,0:02:52.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in physiology and medicine
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.35,0:02:53.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have gone to researchers
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.36,0:02:56.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whose work depended on amphibians.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.17,0:02:58.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of the antimicrobial peptides
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.07,0:03:00.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on frog skin can kill HIV,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.47,0:03:01.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some act as pain killers,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.95,0:03:05.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and others serve as natural mosquito repellents.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.06,0:03:06.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many discoveries await us
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.71,0:03:08.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we can save the frogs,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.16,0:03:10.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but when a frog species disappears,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.12,0:03:11.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so does any promise it holds
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.56,0:03:13.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for improving human health.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.68,0:03:16.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fortunately, there are lots of ways you can help,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.31,0:03:17.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the best place to start
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.64,0:03:19.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is by improving your ecological footprint
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.92,0:03:21.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and day-to-day actions.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.71,0:03:24.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The next time you listen to that nighttime lullaby,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.23,0:03:26.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't think of it as just another background noise,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.85,0:03:28.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hear it as a call for help,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.39,0:03:30.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sung in perfect croaking harmony.