[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.96,0:00:10.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Living with her family high above the ground
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.71,0:00:13.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the northern tropical forests of Colombia,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.72,0:00:15.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you will find Shakira,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.80,0:00:19.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a cotton-top tamarin with a penchant for conversation.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.56,0:00:22.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Say, "Hola!"
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.16,0:00:23.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Though you may not realize it,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.73,0:00:25.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this one pound monkey communicates
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.55,0:00:27.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a highly sophisticated language
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.82,0:00:30.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of 38 distinct calls
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.38,0:00:35.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,based on variations of chirps and whistles.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.68,0:00:37.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The response she just gave is
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.13,0:00:38.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,known as a "B chirp",
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.65,0:00:41.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a call often directed at humans.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.42,0:00:44.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To appreciate the complexities of Shakira's language,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.36,0:00:47.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let's learn a few chirps and whistles,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.06,0:00:49.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then examine how their combinations
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.11,0:00:52.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,form grammatically structured sequences.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.40,0:00:54.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The chirp Shakira used to greet us
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.65,0:00:56.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,comes from a class of calls known as
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.71,0:01:00.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,single frequency modulated syllables.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.07,0:01:04.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This class is made up of short duration calls, or chirps,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.06,0:01:11.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and long duration calls, like screams and squeals.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.10,0:01:13.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Researchers have determined that there are eight
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.46,0:01:15.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,different types of chirps categorized by
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.81,0:01:22.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stem upsweep, duration, peak frequency, and frequency change.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.12,0:01:25.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In addition, each chirp has its own unique meaning.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.87,0:01:30.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, Shakira's "C chirp" is used
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.47,0:01:32.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when she is approaching food,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.35,0:01:36.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where as her "D chirp" is only used
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.77,0:01:39.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when she has the food in hand.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.25,0:01:43.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Single whistles also exhibit a unique intention with each call
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.30,0:01:45.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and just as there are eight different chirps,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.48,0:01:47.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are five different whistles.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.66,0:01:49.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Based on frequency modulation,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.33,0:01:53.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,single whistles are subdivided into four categories:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.16,0:01:59.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,squeaks, initially modulated whistles,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.62,0:02:05.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,terminally modulated whistles, and flat whistles.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.72,0:02:07.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The language's quality of unique intention
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.74,0:02:09.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is wonderfully exemplified by the category
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.71,0:02:12.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of initially modulated whistles.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.46,0:02:14.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These whistles change based on the proximity
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.70,0:02:17.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Shakira to other members of her family.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.95,0:02:21.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If Shakira is greater than .6 meters from her family,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.02,0:02:25.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she'll sound a large initally modulated whistle.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.77,0:02:28.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if she's less than .6 meters from her family,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.57,0:02:33.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she'll sound a small initially modulated whistle.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.07,0:02:35.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now that we've learned a few chirps and whistles,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.07,0:02:37.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Shakira wants to show off by taking you
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.31,0:02:40.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through a quick day in her life with these calls.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.80,0:02:44.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While heading towards a feeding tree for her first meal of the day,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.08,0:02:46.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she says, (monkey noise),
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.61,0:02:50.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a call most often used in relaxed investigations.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.58,0:02:54.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, suddenly she spots the shadow of a hawk.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.50,0:02:57.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"E chirp" for alarm.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.04,0:03:00.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This call alerts her family to the presence of this predator,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.36,0:03:03.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Shakira jumps to the safety of an inner branch.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.53,0:03:05.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The coast seems clear,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.14,0:03:07.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so Shakira makes her way towards her dad.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.75,0:03:09.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wait, wait. Who is that?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.43,0:03:12.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ah, it's her younger brother, Carlos.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.13,0:03:15.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cotton-top tamarins often squeal during play wrestling.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.45,0:03:21.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Uh-oh. He's playing a little too roughly, and Shakira screams,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.24,0:03:23.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,alerting her parents to help her.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.48,0:03:26.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Her dad makes his way towards the ball of rolling fur
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.40,0:03:28.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and her brother stops.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.04,0:03:29.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Shakira shakes herself
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.22,0:03:31.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and scratches herself to get the hair on her head
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.21,0:03:33.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,back in place.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.06,0:03:36.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then Shakira spots another group of unfamiliar tamarins
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.71,0:03:39.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and hears their normal long call.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.20,0:03:42.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She turns to her family. (Monkey noise)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.98,0:03:47.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Did you catch that? First there was a chirp, then a whistle.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.08,0:03:50.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is what's known as a combination vocalization,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.07,0:03:53.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a phrase that contains both a chirp and a whistle.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.76,0:03:57.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are two calls strung together to convey a message.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.74,0:03:59.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The combination of these two elements
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.92,0:04:02.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,alerts her family to the presence of another group,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.46,0:04:05.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the "F chirp", and the distance they are away,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.96,0:04:07.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the normal long call whistle.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.83,0:04:11.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In other words, Shakira just said a sentence.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.07,0:04:14.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Her simple demonstration is just the tip of the iceberg.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.28,0:04:18.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She's got trills, chatters, multiple whistle calls,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.72,0:04:23.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more combination vocalizations, even twitters.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.39,0:04:26.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yet sadly enough, we may not get to hear
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.06,0:04:28.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everything she has to say.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.32,0:04:31.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mixed in with chirping sonatas from high above
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.29,0:04:35.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the constant thud of a machete chopping trees.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.06,0:04:37.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Shakira's habitat in Colombia is being cut down,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.86,0:04:39.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,piece by piece,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.47,0:04:40.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if we don't work to protect
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.81,0:04:43.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the critically endangered cotton-top tamarin,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.33,0:04:46.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it will become extinct in our lifetime.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.09,0:04:48.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If the chirp from one tamarin to the next
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.10,0:04:51.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has proven to be more than just idle chit chat,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.03,0:04:53.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,imagine what else we have left to discover.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.79,0:04:56.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine what else Shakira can tell us.