[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.98,0:00:13.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've come to talk to you about addiction,\Nthe power of addiction,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.87,0:00:16.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also addiction to power.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.68,0:00:19.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a medical doctor,\NI work in Vancouver, Canada,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.97,0:00:22.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I have worked with some very,\Nvery addicted people.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.66,0:00:26.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People who use heroin,\Nthey inject cocaine,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.09,0:00:31.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they drink alcohol, crystal meth\Nand every drug known to man.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.58,0:00:33.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these people suffer.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.39,0:00:38.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If the success of a doctor is to be\Nmeasured by how long his patients live,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.31,0:00:39.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then I am a failure
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.90,0:00:43.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because my patients die very young,\Nrelatively speaking.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.86,0:00:47.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They die of HIV, they die of hepatitis C,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.55,0:00:50.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they die of infections\Nof their heart valves,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.21,0:00:53.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they die of infections of their brains,\Nof their spines,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.89,0:00:56.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of their hearts,\Nof their bloodstream.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.20,0:01:02.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They die of suicide, of overdose,\Nof violence, of accidental deaths.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.39,0:01:06.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you look at them, you call to mind
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.25,0:01:10.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the words of the great Egyptian novelist,\NNaguib Mahvouz, who wrote:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.40,0:01:15.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Nothing records the effects of a sad life\Nas graphically as the human body."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.44,0:01:17.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because these people lose everything.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.39,0:01:20.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They lose their health,\Nthey lose their beauty,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.31,0:01:23.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they lose their teeth,\Nthey lose their wealth,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.74,0:01:25.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they lose human relationships
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.90,0:01:28.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, in the end,\Nthey often lose their lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.50,0:01:31.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And yet, nothing shakes them\Nfrom their addiction.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.50,0:01:34.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nothing can force them\Nto give up their addiction.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.71,0:01:38.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The addictions are powerful\Nand the question is: why?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.72,0:01:40.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as one of my patients said to me:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.86,0:01:45.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I'm not afraid of dying," he said,\N"I'm more afraid of living."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.39,0:01:50.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the question we have to ask is:\NWhy are people afraid of life?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.54,0:01:53.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, if you want to understand addiction,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.53,0:01:56.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can't look at\Nwhat's wrong with the addiction;
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.04,0:01:57.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have to look at\Nwhat's right about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.99,0:02:00.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In other words, what's the person getting\Nfrom the addiction?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.91,0:02:03.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What are they getting\Nthat otherwise they don't have?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.73,0:02:07.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What addicts get is relief from pain,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.88,0:02:12.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what they get is a sense of peace,\Na sense of control,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.66,0:02:16.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a sense of calmness,\Nvery, very temporarily.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.19,0:02:19.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the question is why are\Nthese qualities missing from their lives,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.99,0:02:22.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what happened to them?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.21,0:02:27.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you look at drugs like heroin,\Nlike morphine, like codeine,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.57,0:02:31.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you look at cocaine,\Nif you look at alcohol,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.51,0:02:33.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these are all painkillers.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.75,0:02:36.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In one way or another,\Nthey all soothe pain.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.31,0:02:38.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's why\Nthe real question in addiction
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.64,0:02:42.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is not, "Why the addiction?,"\Nbut, "Why the pain?"
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.57,0:02:46.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I just finished reading\Nthe biography of Keith Richards,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.01,0:02:48.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the guitarist for the Rolling Stones
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.47,0:02:51.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, as you probably know,\Neverybody is still surprised
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.32,0:02:53.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that Richards is still alive today,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.70,0:02:57.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because he was a heavy-duty\Nheroine addict for a long time.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.03,0:03:00.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in his biography,\Nhe writes that the addiction
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.71,0:03:05.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was all about looking for oblivion,\Nlooking for forgetting.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.02,0:03:08.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said, "The contortions\Nthat we go through
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.22,0:03:11.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just not to be ourselves for a few hours."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.75,0:03:14.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I understand that very well myself,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.22,0:03:16.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I know that discomfort with myself,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.91,0:03:20.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know that discomfort\Nbeing in my own skin,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.30,0:03:24.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know that desire\Nto escape from my own mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.15,0:03:29.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The great British psychiatrist\NR.D. Laing said
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.71,0:03:32.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there are three things\Nthat people are afraid of.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.55,0:03:37.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are afraid of death,\Nof other people and of their own minds.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.95,0:03:42.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For a long time in my life, I wanted\Nto distract myself from my own mind,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.18,0:03:44.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I was afraid to be alone with it.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.33,0:03:46.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And how would I distract myself?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.28,0:03:50.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, I've never used drugs,\Nbut I've distracted myself through work,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.95,0:03:53.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and throwing myself into activities.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.97,0:03:57.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I've distracted myself\Nthrough shopping;
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.42,0:04:01.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in my case, for classical compact music,\Nclassical compact discs.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.69,0:04:03.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I've been a real addict that way.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.85,0:04:06.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One week, I spent 8,000 dollars\Non classical compact discs,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.97,0:04:08.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not because I wanted to,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.49,0:04:11.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but because I couldn't help\Ngoing back to the store.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.64,0:04:14.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as a medical doctor,\NI used to deliver a lot of babies.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.71,0:04:16.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And once I left a woman\Nin labor in hospital
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.87,0:04:22.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get a classical piece of music.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.07,0:04:25.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I still could have made it back\Nto the hospital on time,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.76,0:04:28.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but once in the store you can't leave,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.01,0:04:32.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because there are these evil\Nclassical music dealers in the aisles:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.54,0:04:36.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Hey buddy, have you listened to\Nthe latest Mozart symphony cycle?"
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.62,0:04:38.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"You haven't? Well..."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.31,0:04:40.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I missed the delivery of that baby,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.36,0:04:42.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I came home and I lied\Nto my wife about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.55,0:04:46.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like any addict, I would lie about it\Nand I would ignore my own children
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.96,0:04:49.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of my obsession\Nwith work and with music.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.85,0:04:53.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I know what that\Nescape from the self is like.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.10,0:04:54.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My definition of addiction
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.98,0:05:01.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is any behavior that gives you\Ntemporary relief, temporary pleasure,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.27,0:05:05.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in the long term causes harm,\Nhas some negative consequences
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.36,0:05:09.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you can't give it up,\Ndespite those negative consequences.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.32,0:05:12.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And from that perspective,\Nyou can understand
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.33,0:05:16.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there are many, many addictions.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.08,0:05:17.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, there is the addiction to drugs,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.97,0:05:21.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there is also\Nthe addiction to consumerism,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.06,0:05:25.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is the addiction to sex,\Nto the internet,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.70,0:05:29.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to shopping, to food.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.96,0:05:33.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Buddhists have this idea\Nof the hungry ghosts.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.24,0:05:36.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The hungry ghosts are creatures\Nwith large empty bellies
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.70,0:05:39.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and small, scrawny necks\Nand tiny little mouths,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.57,0:05:41.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they can never get enough,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.53,0:05:43.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they can never fill\Nthis emptiness on the inside.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.91,0:05:46.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we are all hungry ghosts\Nin this society,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.56,0:05:48.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we all have this emptiness,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.25,0:05:52.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so many of us are trying to fill\Nthat emptiness from the outside
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.42,0:05:57.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the addiction is all about trying\Nto fill that emptiness from the outside.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.85,0:06:03.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, if you want to ask the question\Nof why people are in pain,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.28,0:06:05.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can't look at their genetics.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.00,0:06:08.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have to look at their lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.20,0:06:11.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in the case of my patients,\Nmy highly addicted patients,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.79,0:06:14.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's very clear why they are in pain.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.34,0:06:16.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because they have been abused\Nall of their lives,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.68,0:06:18.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they began life as abused children.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.94,0:06:22.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of the women I have worked with\Nover a 12-year period, hundreds of them,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.53,0:06:24.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they had all been\Nsexually abused as children.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.98,0:06:26.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the men had been traumatized as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.96,0:06:30.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The men had been\Nsexually abused, neglected,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.26,0:06:32.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,physically abused, abandoned
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.91,0:06:36.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and emotionally hurt over and over again.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.44,0:06:38.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's why the pain.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.03,0:06:42.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there is something else here too:\Nthe human brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.22,0:06:45.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The human brains itself,\Nas you've heard already,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.44,0:06:47.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,develops an interaction\Nwith the environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.88,0:06:49.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not just genetically programed.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.92,0:06:53.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the kind of environment\Nthat a child has
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.08,0:06:56.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will actually shape\Nthe development of the brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.79,0:07:00.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I can tell you about\Ntwo experiments with mice.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.59,0:07:03.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You take a little mouse\Nand you put food in its mouth
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.93,0:07:07.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he'll eat it and enjoy it\Nand swallow it,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.27,0:07:10.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but if you put the food down\Na few inches away from his nose,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.61,0:07:12.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he will not move to eat it;
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.78,0:07:16.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he will actually starve to death\Nrather than eat.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.32,0:07:17.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.57,0:07:21.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because, genetically, they knocked out\Nthe receptors for a chemical in the brain
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.74,0:07:23.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called dopamine.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.28,0:07:26.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dopamine is the incentive\Nand motivation chemical.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.13,0:07:29.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dopamine flows\Nwhenever we are motivated,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.37,0:07:33.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,excited, vital, vibrant,\Ncurious about something,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.08,0:07:35.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we are seeking food\Nor a sexual partner.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.53,0:07:37.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Without the dopamine,\Nwe have no motivation.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.89,0:07:39.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now what do you think the addict gets?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.78,0:07:41.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When the addict shoots cocaine,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.52,0:07:44.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when the addict shoots crystal meth\Nor almost any drug,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.65,0:07:47.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they get a hit of dopamine in their brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.14,0:07:48.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the question is,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.62,0:07:52.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what happened to their brains\Nin the first place?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.37,0:07:55.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because it's a myth\Nthat drugs are addictive.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.55,0:07:57.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Drugs are not by themselves addictive,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.66,0:08:00.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because most people who try most drugs\Nnever become addicted.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.87,0:08:02.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the question is,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.26,0:08:05.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why are some people vulnerable\Nto being addicted?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.17,0:08:08.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just like food is not addictive,\Nbut to some people it is;
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.44,0:08:11.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shopping is not addictive,\Nbut to some people it is;
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.12,0:08:13.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,television is not addictive,\Nbut to some people it is.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.83,0:08:17.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the question is, \Nwhy this susceptibility?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.25,0:08:21.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's another\Nlittle experiment with mice
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.61,0:08:23.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where infant mice,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.50,0:08:27.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if they are separated from their mothers\Nwill not cry for their mothers.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.66,0:08:29.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now what would that mean in the wild?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.45,0:08:30.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It means that they would die,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.84,0:08:34.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because only the mother protects\Nthe child's life and nurtures the child.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.20,0:08:35.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And why?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.25,0:08:38.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because genetically\Nthey knocked out the receptors,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.38,0:08:42.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the chemical binding sites in the brain,\Nfor endorphins
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.50,0:08:46.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and endorphins are indigenous\Nmorphine-like substances;
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.96,0:08:50.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,endorphins are our own\Nnatural painkillers.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.13,0:08:56.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What morphine or endorphins also do is\Nthey make possible the experience of love;
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.13,0:08:59.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they make possible the experience\Nof attachment to the parent
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.26,0:09:01.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the parents' attachment to the child.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.56,0:09:05.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So these little mice without\Nendorphin receptors in their brains
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.18,0:09:07.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will naturally not call for their mothers.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.37,0:09:08.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In other words,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.69,0:09:14.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the addiction to these drugs and\Nof course the heroine and the morphine,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.35,0:09:17.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what they do is they act\Non the endorphin system;
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.89,0:09:19.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's why they work.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.97,0:09:23.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, the question is,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.04,0:09:27.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what happens to people that they need\Nthese chemicals from the outside?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.35,0:09:30.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, what happens to them is,\Nwhen they are abused as children,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.41,0:09:32.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those circuits don't develop.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.77,0:09:36.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you don't have love\Nand connection in your life,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.37,0:09:37.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you are very, very young,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.93,0:09:41.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then those important brain circuits\Njust don't develop properly.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.87,0:09:46.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And under conditions of abuse,\Nthings just don't develop properly
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.41,0:09:51.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and their brains then\Nare susceptible when they do the drugs.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.60,0:09:54.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now they feel normal,\Nnow they feel pain relief,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.48,0:09:56.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now they feel love.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.07,0:10:00.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as one patient said to me:\N"When I first did heroine," she said,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.12,0:10:05.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"it felt like a warm soft hug,\Njust like a mother hugging her baby."
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.41,0:10:12.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I've had that same emptiness,\Nnot to the same degree as my patients.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.74,0:10:16.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happened to me is that\NI was born in Budapest, Hungary,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.88,0:10:19.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in 1944, to Jewish parents,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.36,0:10:22.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just before the Germans occupied Hungary.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.05,0:10:25.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you know what happened\Nto the Jewish people in Eastern Europe.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.76,0:10:29.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I was 2 months old\Nwhen the German army moved into Budapest.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.86,0:10:33.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the day after they did,\Nmy mother phoned the pediatrician
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.79,0:10:35.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she said,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.05,0:10:38.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Would you please come and see Gabor\Nbecause he is crying all the time."
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.75,0:10:41.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the pediatrician said,\N"Of course, I will come to see him,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.90,0:10:45.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I should tell you,\Nall of my Jewish babies are crying."
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.52,0:10:46.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now why?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.79,0:10:51.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do babies know about Hitler\Nor genocide or war?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.09,0:10:52.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nothing.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.33,0:10:55.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we were picking up on\Nis the stresses and the terrors
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.73,0:10:57.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the depression of our mothers
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.100,0:11:02.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that actually shapes\Nthe child's brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.52,0:11:07.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course,\Nwhat happens then
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.32,0:11:10.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is I get the message\Nthat the world doesn't want me,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.48,0:11:12.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because if my mother is\Nnot happy around me,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.58,0:11:15.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she must not want me.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.34,0:11:17.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why do I become a workaholic later?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.89,0:11:21.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because if they don't want me,\Nat least they are going to need me.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.28,0:11:24.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'll be an important doctor\Nand they are going to need me
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.69,0:11:26.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that way I can make up
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.31,0:11:29.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the feeling of not being\Nwanted in the first place.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.36,0:11:31.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what does that mean?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.12,0:11:33.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It means that I am working all the time,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.34,0:11:38.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when I am not working,\NI'm consumed by buying music.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.32,0:11:40.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What message do my kids get?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.43,0:11:43.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My kids get the same message\Nthat they are not wanted.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.45,0:11:46.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is how we pass it on,\Nwe pass on the trauma,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.50,0:11:49.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we pass on the suffering,\Nunconsciously,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.32,0:11:52.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from one generation to the next.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.87,0:11:56.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So obviously, there are many,\Nmany ways to fill this emptiness,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.05,0:11:59.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for each person, there is a different\Nway of filling the emptiness,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.38,0:12:01.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the emptiness always goes back
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.11,0:12:07.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to what we didn't get\Nwhen we were very small.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.70,0:12:11.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then we look at the drug addict\Nand we say to the drug addict,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.10,0:12:13.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"How can you possibly do this to yourself?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.55,0:12:17.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How can you possibly inject\Nthis terrible substance into your body
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.12,0:12:18.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that may kill you?"
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.96,0:12:21.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But look at what\Nwe are doing to the earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.05,0:12:24.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are injecting all kinds of things\Ninto the atmosphere
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.14,0:12:28.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the oceans and the environment
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.09,0:12:30.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is killing us,\Nthat's killing the earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:30.49,0:12:33.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now which addiction is greater?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.13,0:12:36.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The addiction to oil? Or to consumerism?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.19,0:12:38.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which causes the greater harm?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.50,0:12:40.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And yet we judge the drug addict
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.48,0:12:43.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we actually see\Nthat they are just like us
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.56,0:12:45.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we don't like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.21,0:12:48.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we say, "You are different from us,\Nyou are worse than we are."
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.67,0:12:54.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.83,0:13:00.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the plane to São Paulo\Nand Rio de Janeiro,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.73,0:13:04.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was reading the New York Times,\Non June 9th,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.06,0:13:06.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there was an article about Brazil
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.22,0:13:10.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the article was about a man\Ncalled Nísio Gomes,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.20,0:13:14.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a leader of the Guarani people\Nin the Amazon,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.18,0:13:18.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who was killed last November\Nand you probably heard about him.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.63,0:13:21.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he was killed because\Nhe was protecting his people
Dialogue: 0,0:13:21.92,0:13:25.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the big farmers and the companies
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.21,0:13:28.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are taking over the rainforest\Nand destroying the rainforest
Dialogue: 0,0:13:28.61,0:13:32.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that are destroying the habitat of\Nthe native Indian people here in Brazil.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.41,0:13:36.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I can tell you that coming from Canada\Nthe same thing has happened over there.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.34,0:13:39.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And many of my patients are actually\NFirst Nation's Indian people,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.73,0:13:43.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,native Indian people in Canada,\Nand they are heavily addicted.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.50,0:13:47.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They make up a small percentage\Nof the population,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.08,0:13:50.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they make up a large percentage\Nof the people in jail,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.30,0:13:51.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the people who are addicted,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:51.67,0:13:53.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the people who are mentally ill,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.61,0:13:55.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the people who commit suicide. Why?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.52,0:13:57.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because their lands were\Ntaken away from them,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.70,0:14:02.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and because they were killed and abused\Nfor generations and generations.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.95,0:14:04.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the question I ask is,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.47,0:14:07.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you can understand the suffering\Nof these native people
Dialogue: 0,0:14:07.22,0:14:11.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how that suffering makes them\Nseek relief from pain in their addictions,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.77,0:14:14.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what about the people\Nwho are perpetrating it?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.02,0:14:15.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What are they addicted to?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:15.52,0:14:17.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, they are addicted to power,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.51,0:14:19.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they are addicted to wealth,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.42,0:14:21.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they are addicted to acquisition.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.20,0:14:23.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They want to make themselves bigger.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.49,0:14:26.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when I was trying to understand\Nthe addiction to power,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.31,0:14:28.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I looked at some of the most\Npowerful people in history.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.98,0:14:33.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I looked at Alexander the Great,\NI looked at Napoleon, I looked at Hitler,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:33.57,0:14:35.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I looked at Genghis Kahn,\NI looked at Stalin.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.86,0:14:38.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's very interesting\Nwhen you look at these people.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:38.70,0:14:41.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First of all, why did they need\Npower so much?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:41.90,0:14:43.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Interestingly enough,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.69,0:14:46.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,physically they were all \Nvery small people,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:14:46.43,0:14:52.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my size or smaller; actually smaller.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:52.22,0:14:56.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They came from outsiders,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:56.48,0:14:59.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were not part\Nof the major population.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.24,0:15:04.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stalin was a Georgian, not a Russian;\NNapoleon was a Corsican, not a Frenchman;
Dialogue: 0,0:15:06.04,0:15:13.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alexander was a Macedonian, not a Greek;\Nand Hitler was an Austrian, not a German.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:13.68,0:15:16.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So a real sense of insecurity\Nand inferiority.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:16.39,0:15:19.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they needed power\Nto feel okay in themselves,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:19.70,0:15:21.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make themselves bigger,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:21.30,0:15:24.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in order to get that power,\Nthey were quite willing to fight wars
Dialogue: 0,0:15:24.61,0:15:28.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to kill a lot of people,\Njust to maintain that power.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:29.35,0:15:32.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not saying that only small people\Ncan be power-hungry
Dialogue: 0,0:15:32.36,0:15:34.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it is interesting to look at\Nthese examples,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:34.92,0:15:38.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because power, the addiction to power,\Nis always about the emptiness
Dialogue: 0,0:15:38.57,0:15:40.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you try and fill from the outside.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:40.75,0:15:45.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Napoleon, even in exile\Non the island of St. Helena,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:45.22,0:15:49.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after he lost his power,\Nhe said, "I love power, I love power."
Dialogue: 0,0:15:49.67,0:15:52.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He couldn't think of himself\Nwithout power.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:52.91,0:15:56.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He had no sense of himself\Nwithout being powerful externally.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:56.95,0:16:01.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's very interesting\Nwhen you compare it to people
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.05,0:16:03.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like the Buddha or Jesus,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:03.46,0:16:05.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because if you look at the story\Nabout Jesus and Buddha,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:05.91,0:16:08.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both of them were tempted by the devil
Dialogue: 0,0:16:08.54,0:16:14.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and one of the things that the devil\Noffers them is power, earthly power,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:14.31,0:16:16.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they both say no.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:16.51,0:16:18.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now why do they say no?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:18.33,0:16:23.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They say no because they have\Nthe power inside of themselves,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:23.50,0:16:25.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they don't need it from the outside.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:25.52,0:16:28.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they both say no\Nbecause they don't want to control people,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:28.69,0:16:30.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they want to teach people.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:30.46,0:16:35.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They want to teach people by example\Nand by soft words,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:35.68,0:16:41.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and by wisdom, not through force;\Nso they refuse power.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:41.48,0:16:44.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's very interesting\Nwhat they say about that.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:46.29,0:16:53.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jesus says that the power and the reality\Nis not outside of yourself but inside.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:53.48,0:16:56.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He says the Kingdom of God is within.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:57.38,0:17:01.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the Buddha, before he dies\Nand his monks are mourning and crying
Dialogue: 0,0:17:01.36,0:17:02.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they are all upset,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:02.69,0:17:06.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he says, "Don't mourn me,"\Nhe says, "And don't worship me.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:06.21,0:17:12.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Find a lamp inside yourself, be a lamp\Nunto yourselves, find a light within."
Dialogue: 0,0:17:12.85,0:17:16.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so as we look this difficult world\Nwith the loss of the environment
Dialogue: 0,0:17:16.92,0:17:21.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and global warming\Nand the depredations in the oceans,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:21.97,0:17:25.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let's not look to the people in power\Nto change things,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:25.03,0:17:28.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the people in power,\NI'm afraid to say, are very often
Dialogue: 0,0:17:28.76,0:17:31.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of the emptiest people in the world
Dialogue: 0,0:17:31.30,0:17:33.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they are not going to\Nchange things for us.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:33.39,0:17:35.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to find that light\Nwithin ourselves,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:35.84,0:17:38.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have to find the light\Nwithin communities
Dialogue: 0,0:17:38.36,0:17:41.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and within our own wisdom\Nand our own creativity.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:41.81,0:17:45.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can't wait for the people in power\Nto make things better for us,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:45.01,0:17:48.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they are never going to,\Nnot unless we make them.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:53.02,0:17:58.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They say that human nature is competitive,\Nthat human nature is aggressive,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:58.49,0:18:00.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that human nature is selfish.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:00.49,0:18:03.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's just the opposite;\Nhuman nature is actually cooperative,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:03.96,0:18:09.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,human nature is actually generous,\Nhuman nature is actually community-minded.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:09.50,0:18:13.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we see here at this conference\Nwith people sharing information,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:13.61,0:18:17.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people receiving information,\Npeople committed to the better world,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:17.29,0:18:19.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's actually human nature.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:19.08,0:18:20.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what I am saying to you is,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:20.63,0:18:23.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you find that light within,\Nif you find your own nature,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:23.82,0:18:25.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then we will be kinder to ourselves
Dialogue: 0,0:18:25.71,0:18:27.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we will also be kinder to nature.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:27.68,0:18:28.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:28.96,0:18:32.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Cheers) (Applause)