[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.12,0:00:12.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today we're going to talk about\Na very powerful idea
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.39,0:00:18.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can transform the lives of children\Naround the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.66,0:00:25.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's an idea that's simple,\Nthat's easy to implement
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.43,0:00:28.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that costs little or nothing.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.75,0:00:34.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it does require\Nthat we join together to accomplish it.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.78,0:00:36.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But even that's good news,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.61,0:00:40.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we're living\Nin a participation age.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.60,0:00:46.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are not just consuming culture,\Nwe're creating it together.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.37,0:00:50.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When it comes to medicine,\Nparticipatory medicine,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.50,0:00:52.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,taking charge of our own health
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.89,0:00:55.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is fundamental\Nto transforming health care.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.91,0:00:58.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And participatory public health
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.79,0:01:00.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,enables us to tackle
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.66,0:01:04.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the world's biggest\Nhealth problems together.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.90,0:01:11.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can't just rely on public institutions\Nto get the job done,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.47,0:01:13.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as important as they are,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.64,0:01:18.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we want to change huge things fast.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.01,0:01:26.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So today we're going to talk about\Na global, historic campaign
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.31,0:01:27.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called TICC TOCC.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.66,0:01:29.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a participatory campaign.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.71,0:01:33.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But first, we have to set the stage.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.96,0:01:36.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are a few things you need to know.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.60,0:01:42.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are two atoms\Nthat are very common, very plentiful,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.57,0:01:46.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they all too often do not end up
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.53,0:01:49.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the right place at the right time.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.97,0:01:53.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the consequences\Nfor children's health,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.49,0:01:57.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for their developing brains,\Nfor the neurons in their developing brains
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.50,0:01:58.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are immense.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.30,0:02:01.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first of these is oxygen.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.25,0:02:07.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can remember, when each\Nof my own children were born,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.19,0:02:13.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this sense of joy and relief\Nwhen I heard their first cry.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.62,0:02:16.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their lungs were filled with air.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.34,0:02:23.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's an instinctive thing in us parents\Nto feel great when they cry
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.91,0:02:26.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not good when we don't hear anything.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.69,0:02:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first minute of life\Nis often called the golden minute,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.03,0:02:32.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it's so important.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.63,0:02:34.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the reason that it's called\Nthe golden minute,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.02,0:02:40.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that there is a huge difference\Nbetween babies who get enough oxygen
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.13,0:02:43.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in that first minute after being born
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.19,0:02:45.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and those who don't get enough.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.54,0:02:50.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, the World Health\NOrganization has estimated
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.51,0:02:57.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that 29% of all newborn deaths\Naround the planet
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.13,0:03:01.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,come from not getting\Nenough oxygen at birth.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.86,0:03:03.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We call it birth asphyxia.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.05,0:03:05.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's just part of the problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.86,0:03:10.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is a million kids who die every year\Nfrom not getting enough oxygen.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.72,0:03:16.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's another million or even more\Nwho get enough oxygen to survive,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.32,0:03:17.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but not enough to thrive,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.60,0:03:19.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're left\Nwith lifelong consequences
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.68,0:03:23.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like cerebral palsy\Nor epilepsy or learning disabilities
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.12,0:03:24.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or a developmental delay.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.01,0:03:26.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And even that's not the whole story.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.85,0:03:29.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One in 10 newborns around the world -
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.75,0:03:31.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in some places one in seven -
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.78,0:03:35.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,get suboptimal amounts of oxygen at birth.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.96,0:03:39.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In public health, there is this concept\Nthat's really useful,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.86,0:03:44.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called disability-adjusted life-years,\Nor a related concept,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.23,0:03:46.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,quality-adjusted life-years,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.20,0:03:49.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and very simply, it's a measure of health.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.28,0:03:52.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the number of years\Nof health that are lost
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.99,0:03:55.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of disability or disease or death.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.90,0:04:03.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when you look around the planet\Nat loss of health in childhood,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.05,0:04:07.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,far and away the number one cause\Nof kids losing health
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.53,0:04:11.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is not getting enough oxygen\Nin the first minutes of life.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.74,0:04:15.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The stakes couldn't get any higher\Nthan this, for children's health.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.18,0:04:17.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how do we solve it?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.50,0:04:19.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, one solution of course, would be
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.36,0:04:24.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we could just get\Nan oxygen canister in every village
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.43,0:04:27.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and every room where a baby is born.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.24,0:04:28.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We could solve it, it's simple,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.87,0:04:32.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but not easy to implement\Nand not inexpensive.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.67,0:04:35.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Especially when you talk about refilling\Nthe oxygen canisters,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.68,0:04:37.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this would get really tough.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.24,0:04:41.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another solution would be\Njust to get a simple bag and mask
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.43,0:04:43.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into the rooms where babies are born.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.51,0:04:45.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a lot cheaper\Nthan an oxygen canister.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.72,0:04:48.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just pushing room air\Ninto the baby's lungs
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.44,0:04:50.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has enough oxygen to make a difference.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.40,0:04:53.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But again, it's not easy to implement.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.92,0:04:58.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another solution would be to train\Nchildbirth attendants.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.30,0:05:01.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a really cool coalition called\NHelping Babies Breathe,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.76,0:05:06.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're dedicated to making\Nthe golden minute successful for babies.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.74,0:05:11.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And their goal is to have a trained,\Ncertified birth attendant
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.22,0:05:13.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at every delivery in the world by 2015.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.68,0:05:15.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a great goal, an ambitious goal.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.84,0:05:17.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Support them.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.54,0:05:19.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the idea we're talking about today
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.47,0:05:23.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is simpler, easier to implement, cheaper,\Ncan make change faster
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.17,0:05:26.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and makes all the other interventions\Nmore effective.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.01,0:05:31.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, the other atom\Nthat we need to consider today
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.22,0:05:35.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,represents a problem\Nthat's even more widespread
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.52,0:05:37.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than not getting enough oxygen,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.08,0:05:40.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's not getting enough iron.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.66,0:05:43.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Iron is central to our lifeblood.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.58,0:05:47.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's what allows our blood to carry\Noxygen to our brains and the other organs.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.64,0:05:52.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when we don't have enough iron,\Nwe don't make enough red cells.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.53,0:05:54.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's called iron deficiency anemia
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.40,0:05:57.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's one of the world's\Nbiggest public health problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.95,0:06:02.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Iron deficiency anemia can cause\Npoor gross motor development,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.83,0:06:05.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it can cause poor memory,\Nit can cause fatigue,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.12,0:06:09.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it can cause you to get sick more often\Nand have a harder time getting better.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.76,0:06:12.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when it comes to iron deficiency,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.48,0:06:16.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,iron deficiency anemia\Nis just the tip of the iceberg.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.73,0:06:20.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because a lot of people\Nhave normal red blood cells
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.57,0:06:25.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but are still iron deficient enough\Nto affect their intelligence,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.59,0:06:27.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,perhaps forever.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.93,0:06:33.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Somewhere around two billion\Npeople on our planet
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.03,0:06:39.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have lost intelligence\Nbecause of iron deficiency.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.57,0:06:40.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a huge problem!
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.92,0:06:43.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The World Health Organization estimates
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.12,0:06:47.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that if we could just fix that one problem\Nin a developing nation,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.84,0:06:49.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just fix iron deficiency,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.60,0:06:55.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we would increase their productivity\Nabout 20%, their GNP by 20%.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.82,0:06:58.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Huge health and economic benefit.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.73,0:07:00.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's not just developing nations.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.54,0:07:03.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the developed world,\Nin the United States where I come from,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.63,0:07:05.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,iron deficiency is still common.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.06,0:07:09.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The latest estimate\Nin the United States is that kids today,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.90,0:07:13.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who are 0-5 years old, in the US,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.22,0:07:19.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,together have lost 9 million IQ points\Nfrom not getting enough iron.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.50,0:07:21.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's in the US!
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.52,0:07:23.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At a staggering price tag
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.49,0:07:28.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of about a 100 billion dollars\Nfor those kids
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.18,0:07:31.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in lifetime lost earnings
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.05,0:07:33.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of their decreased intelligence.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.27,0:07:36.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if we were to spend billions of dollars
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.02,0:07:38.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to fix iron deficiency,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.52,0:07:39.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it'd be a good investment.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.12,0:07:44.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one way to deal with the problem\Nwould be to manufacture
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.46,0:07:47.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and package and distribute\Niron supplements all over the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.68,0:07:50.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there's people doing that,\Nit's a great idea.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.44,0:07:55.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tens of millions of kids have been helped,\Nbut it hasn't solved the problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.76,0:08:00.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another idea would be\Nto distribute iron supplements
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.27,0:08:01.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to pregnant women around the world:
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.96,0:08:05.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are fewer of them, it would help\Nthe moms, the babies, great idea.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.38,0:08:08.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I support a group called\NVitamin Angels that's doing that.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.59,0:08:13.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've traveled with them to villages\Nthat had never seen a doctor before
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.70,0:08:17.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and seen the impact of getting iron\Nand other micronutrients to them.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.39,0:08:20.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's very cost-effective, it's very cool.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.30,0:08:23.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another way of solving the iron problem
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.28,0:08:26.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would be to fortify\Nall of our infant formula
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.42,0:08:30.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and all of our infant cereals with iron.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.11,0:08:32.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's the leading\Nsolution in the West.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.66,0:08:36.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there's something kind of off kilter\Nabout that solution.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.13,0:08:39.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here is the clue.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.57,0:08:46.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Among the highest-risk kids in the world,\Nfor iron deficiency,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.64,0:08:50.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are the babies\Nwho are exclusively breastfed
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.97,0:08:52.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for longer than 6 months.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.37,0:08:55.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And to me, I found that really\Ncounterintuitive,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.68,0:08:59.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because breast milk, human milk\Nis the perfect food for human babies.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.50,0:09:01.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why would those be the ones at risk?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.79,0:09:04.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, it's what's got\Nthe right nutrients.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.16,0:09:05.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here it is:
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.76,0:09:09.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,breast milk is "low" in vitamin D.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.31,0:09:14.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because presumably, historically,\Nbabies got vitamin D from the sun.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.96,0:09:19.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, they spend\Nmost of their lives indoors.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.13,0:09:24.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And breast milk is "low" in iron
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.31,0:09:30.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,presumably because historically,\Nthey got it a different way.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.03,0:09:33.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And not from boxed cereal\Nand infant formula.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.91,0:09:38.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I want to tell you an idea now
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.40,0:09:42.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I want you to remember\Nfor the rest of your lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.32,0:09:44.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's time to get to the solution here.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.34,0:09:48.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to ring a bell\Nthat can't be unrung,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.62,0:09:50.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to change your perception.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.50,0:09:52.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here is the idea:
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.77,0:09:55.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the moment a baby is born,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.87,0:09:58.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,anywhere on the planet,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.24,0:10:03.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a third of their blood\Nis outside their body.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.65,0:10:09.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The circulation that's been nourishing\Nthem through all of development,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.06,0:10:13.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a third of it is still outside their body\Nat the moment of birth.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.46,0:10:17.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And for all of human history,\Nfor as long as we have been humans,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.72,0:10:19.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until very recently,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.80,0:10:22.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what happened was this beautiful thing:
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.16,0:10:23.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the baby would emerge,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.59,0:10:29.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then you would see the umbilical cord\Nwould start pulsing, pumping,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.49,0:10:31.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pushing blood into the baby.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.67,0:10:37.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the baby would get\Nabout 30% more blood
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.18,0:10:42.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,during the 90 seconds or so longer\Nthan we currently allow the blood to flow.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.06,0:10:47.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What does this 30% extra blood do?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.23,0:10:51.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, first of all, they're basically\Ngetting iron supplements,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.08,0:10:53.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without the packaging,\Nwithout the manufacture,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.35,0:10:54.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without distribution.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.84,0:10:59.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're getting iron-rich blood,\Nenough iron to last them for months,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.09,0:11:05.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and largely eliminate iron deficiency\Nanemia in kids without cost.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.26,0:11:10.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're not just getting iron though,\Nthey also getting oxygen!
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.55,0:11:11.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before a baby is born,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.77,0:11:14.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they get all of their oxygen\Nthrough the umbilical cord.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.14,0:11:17.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in that golden minute\Nafter they're born,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.40,0:11:21.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the circulation is changing around\Nand the lungs are starting to open up,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.04,0:11:24.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're still getting oxygen\Nthrough the cord.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.51,0:11:28.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,During that golden minute\Nwhile the lungs are getting set up,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.62,0:11:30.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,oxygen is coming through.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.64,0:11:32.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's not just oxygen.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.27,0:11:34.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They get red blood cells,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.08,0:11:37.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the only cells in the body\Nthat can carry oxygen.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.33,0:11:39.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They get 30% more blood volume,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.09,0:11:41.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,60% more red blood cells,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.65,0:11:43.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in that extra 90 seconds.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.16,0:11:46.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's red cell rich blood.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.40,0:11:48.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a packed red blood cell transfusion.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.42,0:11:51.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, recently,\NLance Armstrong has made the news,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.78,0:11:57.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though he never tested positive\Nfor drugs in his blood.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.72,0:12:02.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But allegedly, his wins\Nin the Tour de France came in part
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.45,0:12:07.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because he was infusing himself\Nwith his own red blood cells.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.88,0:12:10.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's a technique we know works.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.63,0:12:14.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you get extra red blood cells,\Nyou got extra strength, extra endurance
Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.18,0:12:16.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's been the state\Nof nature for newborns
Dialogue: 0,0:12:16.98,0:12:18.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since the beginning of human history,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.80,0:12:20.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get this pack of red blood cells.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.75,0:12:22.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's not just red blood cells.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.47,0:12:25.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's even richer in white\Nblood cells, comparatively.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.47,0:12:30.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, I said that lack of oxygen\Nis the biggest cause of loss of health.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:30.89,0:12:35.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the most immediate cause\Nof newborn death is infections.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.62,0:12:38.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,32% of all newborn deaths\Nis from infections.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.34,0:12:42.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The umbilical cord blood is rich\Nin white blood cells to fight infections
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.81,0:12:45.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and antibodies that mom has created.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.43,0:12:47.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Perhaps the most important thing
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.02,0:12:52.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that that umbilical cord blood\Nis packed with stem cells,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.59,0:12:56.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these cells with genetic potential\Nto prevent and repair
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.87,0:12:58.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,damage throughout the body.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.18,0:13:00.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You'll be learning more\Nabout stem cells later today,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.68,0:13:01.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but just one example.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.95,0:13:04.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've learned just in recent years\Nthat muscular dystrophy,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.74,0:13:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we used to think was primarily\Ndamage to the muscles, isn't.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.03,0:13:11.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is primarily damage to the stem cells\Nthat repair muscle damage.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.95,0:13:17.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Babies, throughout most of history,\Nhad gotten cutting-edge medical treatment,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.55,0:13:22.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an autologous stem-cell transplant\Nat birth, as a course of nature.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:23.30,0:13:29.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, in 1913 an idea took hold in the West
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.33,0:13:30.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and spread around the globe.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.98,0:13:32.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And idea was this:
Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.23,0:13:36.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as soon as baby emerges,\Nto clamp the cord,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.36,0:13:37.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to surgically clamp it.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.74,0:13:40.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To cut off, to choke off\Nthe supply of oxygen,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.70,0:13:43.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to cut off the flow of blood,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.45,0:13:45.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to lock out the white blood cells,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.50,0:13:47.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to lock out the antibodies
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.50,0:13:52.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to take that umbilical cord,\Nstem cell treasure
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.98,0:13:54.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and throw it in the trash.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.82,0:14:01.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which, I think, is one of leading reasons\Nthat we have chronic illnesses
Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.78,0:14:03.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rising in kids today.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:05.11,0:14:08.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thankfully, many kids have\Nsufficient reserves
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.76,0:14:10.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be able to handle that loss.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.66,0:14:13.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But many don't.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:15.46,0:14:17.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That leads us to the TICC TOCC campaign.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.90,0:14:22.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Very simple idea:\NTransitioning Immediate Cord Clamping
Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.13,0:14:24.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To Optimal Cord Clamping.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.73,0:14:27.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not a business,\Nit's not even a non-profit,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:27.41,0:14:29.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's a shared idea.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:30.14,0:14:34.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Waiting an extra 90 seconds or so,\Ntill the cord stops pulsing,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:34.72,0:14:37.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the way we have throughout\Nalmost all of human history.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:40.64,0:14:45.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a powerful participatory idea,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:45.87,0:14:48.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and one that's really easy to spread.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:48.48,0:14:51.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Far easier to spread than it is\Nto spread supplements,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:51.38,0:14:53.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or equipment, or antibiotics,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.40,0:14:56.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and certainly than stem cell transplants.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:01.67,0:15:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's something that I'm convinced\Nthat we can do.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:04.02,0:15:05.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And why am I convinced we can do it?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:05.84,0:15:07.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because we've done it before.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:07.91,0:15:13.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Back in 1913, when the idea\Nof clamping quickly spread,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:13.18,0:15:14.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was foreign,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:14.47,0:15:16.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it spread across the globe,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:16.52,0:15:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even in the places no physician\Nhad ever been,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:19.03,0:15:24.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the 20th century saw\Nwhat had been unprecedented advances
Dialogue: 0,0:15:24.89,0:15:27.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in travel and in communications.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:27.44,0:15:29.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was airplanes and telephones\Nthat let it spread.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:29.96,0:15:31.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But today?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:31.32,0:15:33.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, we have the internet.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:33.51,0:15:36.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, we have mobile technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:36.06,0:15:37.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, we have YouTube.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:37.66,0:15:40.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today things can spread\NGangnam Style around the globe
Dialogue: 0,0:15:40.88,0:15:43.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,faster than you can imagine.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:44.32,0:15:46.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On Facebook, there are a billion people
Dialogue: 0,0:15:46.22,0:15:49.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and on average, we're only\N4.74 degrees of separation,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:49.80,0:15:51.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can reach everywhere.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.31,0:15:54.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Twitter's even closer,\N3.43 degrees of separation.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.91,0:15:57.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I've been in the most remote villages.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:57.35,0:16:01.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have no electricity, no toilets,\Nbut people have cell phones.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:02.25,0:16:03.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is something we can do.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:03.81,0:16:04.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bang!
Dialogue: 0,0:16:04.96,0:16:08.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can take networked bits\Nand get the atoms we need
Dialogue: 0,0:16:08.29,0:16:11.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the developing neurons\Nand they'll unleash genetic potential.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:12.55,0:16:14.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The TICC TOCC movement has a motto.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:14.68,0:16:17.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a common phrase: "first do no harm."
Dialogue: 0,0:16:17.49,0:16:20.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I hope you'll never hear it\Nthe same way again.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:20.09,0:16:24.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because the first intervention\Nof the 21st century medicine,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:24.56,0:16:26.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the first thing that we do for a baby,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:26.98,0:16:31.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is surgical clamps and severing\Nthat has no evidence base.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:31.99,0:16:34.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is no credible evidence of benefit.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:34.31,0:16:36.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is solid evidence, though,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:36.35,0:16:38.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it depletes iron stores,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:38.32,0:16:40.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it decreases oxygen,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:40.16,0:16:43.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it diminishes\Noxygen-carrying capacity,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:43.03,0:16:48.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it deters our abilities\Nto fight infections
Dialogue: 0,0:16:48.15,0:16:49.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that it deprives babies
Dialogue: 0,0:16:49.52,0:16:52.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of some of the most unique\Nand important cells in their body.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:52.99,0:16:58.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you look up, there is big scientific\Nevidence showing the safety and benefit
Dialogue: 0,0:16:58.03,0:17:00.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of doing it the way\Nnature has always done it.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:00.22,0:17:03.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's often called delayed\Ncord clamping in the literature.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:03.06,0:17:04.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I object to the term -
Dialogue: 0,0:17:04.29,0:17:06.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's not late, it's optimal cord clamping.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:06.37,0:17:07.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's on time.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:08.11,0:17:10.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how do we participate in this together?
Dialogue: 0,0:17:10.46,0:17:13.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How does a TICC TOCC campaign work?
Dialogue: 0,0:17:13.23,0:17:14.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it couldn't be easier.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:15.31,0:17:18.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To participate, it's only two things.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:18.13,0:17:23.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, request optimal cord clamping\Nfor your loved ones.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:24.12,0:17:28.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And second, share this simple idea\Nwith your networks.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:28.73,0:17:31.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your social networks, online and off.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:31.52,0:17:33.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Preferably as loud and as far as you can.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:33.55,0:17:35.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But just request it and share it.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:35.91,0:17:37.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's it!
Dialogue: 0,0:17:37.64,0:17:40.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can change the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:40.87,0:17:44.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not just humans who have done this\Nthrough all of human history, by the way.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:44.83,0:17:47.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Primates too have umbilical cords,\Nand they instinctively wait.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:47.91,0:17:50.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,None of them will sever the cord\Nbefore it stops pulsing.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:50.72,0:17:52.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's not just primates.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:52.24,0:17:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mammals, throughout the world,\Nhave umbilical cords.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:55.02,0:17:56.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they instinctively wait.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:56.94,0:18:00.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,None of them will actively sever the cord,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:00.49,0:18:01.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they'll wait.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:01.89,0:18:03.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:03.98,0:18:05.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,TICC TOCC,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:05.19,0:18:10.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more than a quarter\Nof a million babies will be born.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:10.73,0:18:12.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For most of them,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:12.10,0:18:14.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it'll be clamped immediately\Nand thrown in the trash.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:15.73,0:18:18.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This intervention works\Nfor kids born by C-section,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:18.57,0:18:20.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or vaginally, born on time or early,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:20.75,0:18:23.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether you want to bank\Nthe cord blood stem cells or not.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:24.32,0:18:25.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can change it.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:27.02,0:18:28.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's do it.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:29.37,0:18:30.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks very much!
Dialogue: 0,0:18:30.58,0:18:36.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)