[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.76,0:00:07.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Good afternoon.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.93,0:00:11.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm excited to talk you about\Nchanging our minds about food waste.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.35,0:00:13.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before I get into food waste though,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.07,0:00:17.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd like us to step back\Nand think about changing our minds.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.45,0:00:20.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When is the last time you changed\Nyour mind about something?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.35,0:00:24.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't mean about what you want\Nfor dinner or perhaps your weekend plans,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.58,0:00:28.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but something significant:\Nmaybe religion,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.04,0:00:31.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe how you feel\Nabout someone important in your life,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.25,0:00:35.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or a long-held belief \Nthat suddenly had to change.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.77,0:00:40.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes when we change our mind,\Nit's a process that takes its time.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.30,0:00:44.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes there's just one instant,\Nyou thought one thing
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.74,0:00:46.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then the next is something different.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.08,0:00:51.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd like to tell you a little bit about\Nhow I changed my mind about litter.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.05,0:00:54.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As I mentioned, I grew up\Non a farm in Washington State,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.89,0:00:58.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and our farm bordered a highway.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.32,0:01:00.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was about 1.5 mile stretch\Nand in the summer,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.56,0:01:03.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we drove that highway\Nthree or four times back and forth,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.72,0:01:06.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,checking on the fields,\Nchanging water and the like.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.35,0:01:09.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The highway was littered \Nwith beer bottles, beer cans,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.90,0:01:13.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those styrofoam packages\Nyou used to get your hamburgers in,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.20,0:01:15.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,paper, plastic, things like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.50,0:01:17.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Up close and personal,\Nit was kind of gross.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.05,0:01:21.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But as I think about my own litter habits,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.61,0:01:25.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was raised in the '80s\Nwhen this was happening,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.22,0:01:29.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you weren't supposed to litter\Nbut it was more a matter of convenience.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.20,0:01:33.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I have to say that when\Nyou're going down the road,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.40,0:01:35.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if it was a little bit messy,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.50,0:01:38.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was okay to roll down\Nyour window and toss it out.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.87,0:01:42.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you didn't have a garbage bag\Nfor your pop can,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.68,0:01:45.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes it did go out\Nthe window unfortunately.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.71,0:01:49.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Terrible, I know!\NI'm ashamed about it now.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.57,0:01:54.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I had a summer job with the retired\Nhigh school math teacher,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.74,0:01:57.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what we were doing is checking\Nthese agricultural fields.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.59,0:02:02.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'd drive from field to field\Nin a pick up truck and take soil samples.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.100,0:02:06.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This guy had been doing\Nthe job a long time.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.46,0:02:09.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I remember my first trip with him.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.18,0:02:12.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He had his favorite spot for lunch.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.47,0:02:15.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was a beautiful field\Non your right, you just tested it.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.40,0:02:18.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were a dirt road, a ditch,\Nan embankment and another field,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.71,0:02:20.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there happened to be\Nat least one big tree,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.90,0:02:24.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so if you parked in the right spot,\Nyou had shade.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.49,0:02:26.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You could eat your lunch\Nin the shade in a hot day.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.96,0:02:30.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anyway, we sit down\Nand get our bag lunches out.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.30,0:02:33.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He likes sardines and is eating it away.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.06,0:02:37.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, he gets done with the sardine can,\Nrolls down the window and tosses it out.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.93,0:02:39.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, we finish our lunches.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.45,0:02:41.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He puts it in its bag,\Nthrows it out the window,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.76,0:02:44.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,finishes the soda can,\Nsame thing. Terrible!
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.88,0:02:48.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Somewhere in there, I looked\Nthrough the driver's window
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.32,0:02:51.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I could see\Non the far embankment,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.26,0:02:54.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was a small pile\Nof sardine and soda cans,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.86,0:02:57.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and some of them were gray -\Nthey had been there a year or two.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.82,0:03:01.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He'd been eating in the same spot\Nfor several years, unfortunately.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.68,0:03:04.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For me, at that moment, I could connect
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.62,0:03:08.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the actions of one individual\Nwith the litter problem, and I realized:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.65,0:03:13.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Oh, if this is how you act, this is what\Nyou get. I shouldn't litter anymore."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.93,0:03:18.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've tried to do a good job since then,\Nbe respectful and stop that problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.64,0:03:21.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you look at our highways,\Nthey are so much cleaner.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.97,0:03:24.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Collectively, we've changed\Nour minds about litter.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.26,0:03:27.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's for the better.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.31,0:03:33.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, changing our minds is something\Nwe often think other people should do.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.17,0:03:37.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're right, more enlightened,\Nand especially sophisticates.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.49,0:03:39.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, you change your mind\Nand we got it right.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.99,0:03:44.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe the more educated you are,\Nthe more you feel you got it right.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.71,0:03:49.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since the Middle Ages,\Nit was considered that to be educated,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.10,0:03:52.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you had to know Greek\Nand Latin, sometimes French.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.10,0:03:56.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you go look at the old letters\Nthey wrote to each other in Latin.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.26,0:04:01.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When Northwestern University\Nwas founded in the 1850s,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.47,0:04:03.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they had a requirement\Nfor Greek and Latin.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.68,0:04:05.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It wasn't a requirement in college.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.82,0:04:09.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You had to have studied it\Nin high school to even be admitted.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.34,0:04:11.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was the standard view.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.90,0:04:16.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you were educated, your college\Napplication had Greek and Latin on it.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.74,0:04:22.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As the Industrial Revolution happened,\Nit became a little bit more controversial,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.36,0:04:25.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Harvard dropped the requirement\Nfor Greek in the late 1880s,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.68,0:04:28.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Latin a little while later,\Nand all the other colleges followed.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.21,0:04:33.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Within a couple of decades,\Nour society had changed its mind
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.20,0:04:35.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about what it meant to be educated.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.41,0:04:38.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think we're all for the better.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.68,0:04:40.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We now study math and science.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.98,0:04:46.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We study other subjects like Art,\Nrather than Latin and Greek.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.74,0:04:52.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our perceptions of beauty can change too.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.100,0:04:56.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think we all know who this is:\NMichael Jordan.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.52,0:05:01.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we think of Michael Jordan,\Nhe's generally known for three things:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.64,0:05:05.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,first that tongue, the "wagging tongue,"\Nwe remember that;
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.34,0:05:10.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,second, sneakers -\Nselling sneakers Air Jordan;
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.38,0:05:12.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then lastly, of course,\Nhis athletic prowess
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.54,0:05:16.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that led the Chicago Bulls\Nto six NBA Championships.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.23,0:05:20.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, as History progresses,\Nsome have suggested
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.85,0:05:23.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that when we look back \Non the career of Michael Jordan,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.100,0:05:29.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,his greatest impact on all of us\Nwill be to make baldness cool.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.07,0:05:30.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.84,0:05:33.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yeah! ... And it wasn't just him,\Nit was Patrick Stewart.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.22,0:05:37.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But up until this time,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.40,0:05:42.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,up until this time, we had wigs\Nin England and toupees in the '80s,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.10,0:05:44.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if you were going bald,\Nit was embarrassing,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.65,0:05:46.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you did everything you can about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.82,0:05:48.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, a couple of decades later,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.95,0:05:52.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the University of Pennsylvania \Njust did a study.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.36,0:05:55.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was on women,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.14,0:05:58.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and bald men were considered\Nto be more masculine.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.52,0:06:00.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, we've changed our perception.\N
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.75,0:06:03.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At least half of us did change\Ntheir perception about baldness
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.70,0:06:06.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a series of couple of decades,\Nand it's fantastic.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.17,0:06:09.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We changed our mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.62,0:06:15.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, we need to think about\Nchanging our mind about food waste.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.95,0:06:21.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are close to a billion people \Nwho are malnourished in the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.94,0:06:24.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and food waste is a problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.71,0:06:26.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I remember when I was a kid,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.43,0:06:31.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was in one of those African famines,\Nmy mom served the meal -
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.48,0:06:34.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was full or didn't like it\Nat all, I don't remember -
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.19,0:06:35.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,passed the plate to me.\N
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.44,0:06:38.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I took a couple of bites,\Npushed it back and said, "I'm done."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.54,0:06:40.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She says "You're going to eat that.\N- No I'm not."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.88,0:06:44.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She says, "There are millions of starving\Nkids in Africa, you need to eat your food."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.90,0:06:47.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I say, "Okay, well, give it to them."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.28,0:06:52.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once it's on the plate,\Nthere is a food waste problem,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.75,0:06:56.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the food waste that I want\Nto talk about is between farm to fork,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.33,0:06:59.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because once it gets to the plate,\Nit's a bit harder to deal with.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.75,0:07:04.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The USDA, on the conservative side, \Nhas been noted to say
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.69,0:07:10.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we're losing 33% of food\Nbetween farms and the plate,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.20,0:07:12.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and some other estimate\Nthat it's closer to half.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.56,0:07:17.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, the truth is probably somewhere\Nin between, depending on the item.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.07,0:07:20.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are various solutions.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.61,0:07:24.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The ones I want to focus on today \Nhave to do do with the produce aisle.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.71,0:07:29.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We take it for granted,\Nbut one of the beautiful things
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.35,0:07:31.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about growing up\Nin North America or Europe
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.99,0:07:34.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to be able to walk\Ninto a grocery store,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.80,0:07:37.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,look at the produce -\Nthere's dozens of kinds of produce.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.91,0:07:41.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's inexpensive, safe, ripe,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.85,0:07:44.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,smells good, and there's just a variety.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.64,0:07:47.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's there almost every day of the year.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.35,0:07:50.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't even think about it,\Nwe just expect it.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.43,0:07:53.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It hasn't been like this for that long,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.27,0:07:56.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and most of the rest of the world\Ndoesn't get to eat like us.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.50,0:08:00.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the food waste problem\Nis particularly severe in produce.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.93,0:08:04.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where we can grow produce\Nis relatively restricted,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.07,0:08:06.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so fixing the food waste on produce
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.47,0:08:09.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would make it more available\Nfor everyone else.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.66,0:08:15.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How does this problem start\Nand what can we do about it?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.26,0:08:18.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'll use strawberries as an example.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.34,0:08:21.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We buy them in clamshells.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.52,0:08:23.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're generally a pound or two.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.85,0:08:26.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can buy them in a flat\Nif they're cheap.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.79,0:08:30.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We take them home and we eat them.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.08,0:08:34.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But strawberries start\Nin California or Florida,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.09,0:08:35.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or Baja California in Mexico.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.86,0:08:39.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are the places where strawberries\Nare primarily grown.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.62,0:08:42.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It starts on farms there,\Nand strawberries are particular
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.35,0:08:45.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they've a shelf life\Nof seven to eight days.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.06,0:08:46.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So from the time they're picked
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.92,0:08:50.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the time they're going bad\Nin your fridge, is eight days.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.15,0:08:53.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The food waste happens in that time.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.79,0:08:59.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So on farm, there are these berms\Nabout this high and this wide,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.12,0:09:03.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and strawberries are still picked\Nmanually - you walk on and pick them.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.97,0:09:06.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For strawberries,\Nthe on-farm food waste isn't that bad.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.08,0:09:10.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Generally, five to ten percent\Nis being left in the field,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.51,0:09:15.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the ones we're leaving\Nare usually either overripe or misshapen.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.42,0:09:18.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, relative to some other produce items,\Nit could be a lot higher,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.62,0:09:22.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's five to ten percent\Nfood waste on farm.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.81,0:09:26.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, they're loaded,\Nthey're quickly cooled for 12-18 hours;
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.48,0:09:29.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're loaded on trucks\Nto go to distribution centers,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.61,0:09:32.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to supermarkets, to where we buy them.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.62,0:09:38.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the issues on strawberries,\Nis that, in that distribution center,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.86,0:09:42.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if there are any inefficiencies,\Nthe shelf life becomes a real problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.12,0:09:47.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Last summer, I sat down with a senior\Nbuyer for a major supermarket chain.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.20,0:09:53.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He admitted that 30% of the berries\Nthey buy are being thrown away
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.60,0:09:55.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before they get to consumer shelves.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.90,0:09:58.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Occasionally, they get\Ntoo ripe on the shelf,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.01,0:09:59.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that's before we even see them.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.69,0:10:03.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you lost 10% on farm,\Nand now you loss another 30%,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.36,0:10:05.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then we're taking them home.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.65,0:10:09.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My family's experience on buying berries
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.07,0:10:13.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that we'd buy the berries - \Nthey look like this -, take them home,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.32,0:10:16.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if they're great tasting berries,\Nthey'll get eaten right away.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.49,0:10:18.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kids are right at them.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.55,0:10:22.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, if they weren't\Nespecially great tasting
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.20,0:10:25.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or looked a little funny,\Nor if I was saving them for an event,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.59,0:10:28.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I might only use half of them,\Nor a portion of them,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.66,0:10:31.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then they go in the fridge\Nand you guys all know,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.06,0:10:35.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have about a day, a day and a half,\Nbefore they look like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.60,0:10:37.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is what we in America experience.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.69,0:10:40.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, if you live in California,\Nit isn't quite so bad
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.73,0:10:42.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because you're right there\Nwhere they're grown.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.92,0:10:46.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they don't always see the problem\Nas bad as the rest of us see it.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.24,0:10:50.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But generally, we're losing another third\Nat the consumer level.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.23,0:10:57.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So collectively, we're buying $6 billion\Nwith the strawberries in the US,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.38,0:11:00.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're eating 35, maybe 40% of them,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.75,0:11:02.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's the food waste problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.28,0:11:06.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what can we do about it?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.76,0:11:10.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a couple of solutions,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.86,0:11:13.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that's going to require us\Nto change our mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.05,0:11:16.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You've all been to the supermarket,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.55,0:11:20.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and maybe you've seen crooked carrots
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.45,0:11:24.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or tomatoes\Nthat aren't quite perfect round,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.84,0:11:27.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,apples that are lopsided,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.19,0:11:29.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pears that have those striations down them
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.37,0:11:34.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where they cracked or otherwise,\Nnow, abraded on the field.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.75,0:11:42.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's misshapen food and a lot of times\Nwe're not ever seeing it as consumers,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.03,0:11:46.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we've trained ourselves\Nto only buy what's perfect.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.81,0:11:51.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That "ugly food" as you would call it,\Nor misshapen food,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.37,0:11:53.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is often being disposed of\Nbefore we ever see it.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.78,0:11:56.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if supplies are tight\Nor it's super cheap,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.77,0:11:59.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes, we'll see it in the stores.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.72,0:12:05.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nature doesn't produce a perfect berry\Nor a perfect tomato every time.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.96,0:12:09.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But those imperfect misshapen fruits\Nare still nutritious.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:09.56,0:12:11.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are still ripe and tasty.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.96,0:12:15.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a movement that started in Europe\Nthat is getting going in the States.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.62,0:12:18.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's called the Ugly Food Movement.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.03,0:12:19.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.42,0:12:21.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.95,0:12:24.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So other than maybe not being\Nthe most visually appealing
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.94,0:12:26.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is great produce.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.05,0:12:31.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's no reason why we shouldn't be\Nbuying it and consuming it.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.70,0:12:35.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This would help solve\Npart of the food waste problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.39,0:12:39.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it doesn't solve the shelf life issue.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.22,0:12:44.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the shelf life, we've a couple\Nof solutions that are in the works.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.13,0:12:49.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One group of entrepreneurs\Nis building green houses
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.79,0:12:52.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on rooftops or near urban areas, saying,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.08,0:12:55.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Hey, if we can grow\Nour produce close to cities,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.88,0:12:59.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can have a longer shelf life,\Nno transportation, it would be easier."
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.28,0:13:01.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some are even delivering to your house.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.04,0:13:04.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tomatoes grow really well\Nin those environments,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.38,0:13:06.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as well as some types of lettuce.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.26,0:13:08.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We certainly can't grow fruit that way
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.12,0:13:11.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's not clear\Nthat we can grow all vegetables.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.50,0:13:13.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So far, they're more expensive\Nnot less expensive
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.82,0:13:16.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than a farm-produced produce.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.30,0:13:20.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So while I think greenhouse production\Nclose to cities is a partial solution,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.74,0:13:23.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's not going to be a complete solution.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:23.88,0:13:26.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The other part of the solution of course,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.77,0:13:31.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is biotechnology or genetic engineering.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.95,0:13:35.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Twenty-five years ago, \Nthe Flavr Savr Tomato was launched.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.21,0:13:39.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was a tomato that had extra shelf life.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.06,0:13:42.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It wasn't perfect, but there was\Ntrue shelf life that was there.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.74,0:13:46.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was at the beginning when biotechnology\Nwas coming on the market.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.04,0:13:49.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Groups of people\Nwere a little worried and scared
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.04,0:13:52.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they formed groups and opposed it.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.91,0:13:55.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People that are against GMOs\Nstill consider
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.52,0:13:59.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,defeating Flavr Savr Tomato\Nas one of their big wins.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.22,0:14:04.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not to judge those times,\Nbut I think from our times now,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.71,0:14:08.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can see there aren't\Nother solutions to shelf life.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.60,0:14:12.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we want everybody to be able\Nto eat like us, we need longer shelf life.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:13.41,0:14:16.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of these technology solutions\Nare now known to be safe,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.23,0:14:19.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're recommended by Nobel Laureates,\Nthe National Academy of Sciences,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.83,0:14:21.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the technology has improved.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.90,0:14:25.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Recently in India, they published a paper,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.20,0:14:29.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and showed tomatoes that had 45 days\Nof shelf life, if you can believe it.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:29.27,0:14:33.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just a month, if it only worked\Nfor four weeks instead of 45 days,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:33.18,0:14:36.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it would significantly change\Nthe food waste problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:38.20,0:14:41.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, when we run into shelf life issues,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:41.20,0:14:43.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes we're able to give these away
Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.92,0:14:47.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but most of the time,\Nthey're going in the garbage can.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:48.68,0:14:51.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are the solutions:
Dialogue: 0,0:14:51.02,0:14:54.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more greenhouse production,\Nespecially near cities,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.85,0:14:56.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,biotechnology,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:56.60,0:14:58.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and eating the ugly food.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:58.59,0:15:00.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there is a paradox.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.37,0:15:03.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of these topics\Nare easier to talk about
Dialogue: 0,0:15:03.50,0:15:06.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and some of them\Nare harder to actually do.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:07.10,0:15:09.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's think about\Nhow we change our minds.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:09.61,0:15:13.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think about when you have\Na conversation,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:13.06,0:15:17.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a colloquial or a familiar conversation -\Nwater cooler at work,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.32,0:15:20.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe a family dinner table,\Nmaybe a bar with friends.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:20.36,0:15:23.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Collectively, I can imagine us\Nall sitting down or a small group of us,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:23.70,0:15:26.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you say, "Yes, we're on board.\NWe need to change the food waste.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:26.89,0:15:30.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to solve this problem.\NI'm going to buy ugly food."
Dialogue: 0,0:15:30.44,0:15:34.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We could all say, "As long as it doesn't\Ntaste different, well, I will buy it."
Dialogue: 0,0:15:34.91,0:15:40.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, when we go to the supermarket,\Nour minds and our eyes are not connected.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:41.09,0:15:43.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We naturally buy what's pretty.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:44.25,0:15:47.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay? So, we have to change our minds.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.33,0:15:52.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've to disassociate, be more open\Nand buy what we know is safe,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:52.66,0:15:56.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cognitively, mentally,\Nbut maybe doesn't look the prettiest.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:56.58,0:15:58.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That takes us to the ugly food.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:59.12,0:16:01.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The shelf life issue is a different issue.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.49,0:16:03.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Greenhouses are probably fine.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:03.49,0:16:07.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It'll be higher priced, very likely,\Nbut we can all accept that.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:07.58,0:16:10.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we're having the same conversation\Nabout biotechnology,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:10.57,0:16:13.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of us aren't as secure about that.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:13.01,0:16:15.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I believe it's safe.\NIt's fine for my family.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:15.98,0:16:17.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I believe that that's the solution,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:17.100,0:16:21.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially for the shelf life\Nof fruits and vegetables.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:21.04,0:16:23.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I don't expect everyone\Nto be convinced it is.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:23.98,0:16:28.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, we have our conversation,\NI'm not sure everyone's on the same page.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:28.34,0:16:31.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As soon as you go to the store,\Nyou're going to buy sodas,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:31.31,0:16:34.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,papaya, corn chips,\Nand a whole bunch of other items
Dialogue: 0,0:16:34.87,0:16:38.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that all have GMO ingredients,\Nand nobody ever thinks twice about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:38.65,0:16:42.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to change how we feel\Nabout the technology
Dialogue: 0,0:16:42.83,0:16:45.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that it can go\Ninto fruits and vegetables\N
Dialogue: 0,0:16:45.22,0:16:48.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and people make this possible for us.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:50.83,0:16:55.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Collectively, I hope we can all step back
Dialogue: 0,0:16:55.95,0:16:58.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and think about changing our minds\Nabout food waste.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:59.17,0:17:04.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm an optimist, I think that we\Nas a group, a crowd, a society,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:04.01,0:17:06.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we change our minds\Nwe're changing it for the better.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:07.02,0:17:09.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're trying to make\Nimprovements for society.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:09.48,0:17:12.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're trying to make life better\Nfor those around us.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:12.81,0:17:16.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Working on food waste,\Nchanging our minds about food waste
Dialogue: 0,0:17:16.18,0:17:18.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will make our planet a better place.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:18.69,0:17:20.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:20.24,0:17:22.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)