0:00:08.492,0:00:13.518
When I was 21 years old, [br]I could only speak English,

0:00:13.518,0:00:16.456
which is typical for those of us [br]from English-speaking countries,

0:00:16.456,0:00:19.485
and I had many reasons why

0:00:19.485,0:00:22.271
this is going to be the case for me[br]for the rest of my life.

0:00:22.271,0:00:23.764
And I was very confident of this,

0:00:23.764,0:00:26.509
because I had no natural talent,

0:00:26.509,0:00:28.758
I had a very bad memory,

0:00:28.758,0:00:31.258
I couldn't travel to the country yet,

0:00:31.258,0:00:33.461
I was too old, I felt too old

0:00:34.266,0:00:35.523
and I was sure

0:00:35.523,0:00:37.960
that I was going to frustrate [br]the native speakers

0:00:37.960,0:00:39.528
and embarrass myself.

0:00:39.528,0:00:41.284
And on top of this, in school,

0:00:41.284,0:00:43.760
I did really poorly with languages.

0:00:43.760,0:00:48.507
So, I did actually get the opportunity[br]to get into languages

0:00:48.507,0:00:50.279
after I graduated at university

0:00:50.279,0:00:52.247
with a degree in Electronic Engineering,

0:00:52.247,0:00:54.029
still only able to speak English,

0:00:54.029,0:00:55.283
I moved to Spain.

0:00:55.283,0:00:57.023
And I figured, this is it!

0:00:57.023,0:00:58.247
this is going to solve my problems,

0:00:58.247,0:00:59.774
living in the country.

0:01:00.824,0:01:01.541
No!

0:01:01.541,0:01:04.256
Six months later of living in Spain,

0:01:04.256,0:01:05.855
I couldn't speak any Spanish.

0:01:06.760,0:01:10.240
Now, a sensible person [br]would have given up at this stage

0:01:10.240,0:01:11.504
and gotten the point.

0:01:11.504,0:01:12.790
I'm not very sensible though.

0:01:12.790,0:01:14.771
So I figured

0:01:14.771,0:01:16.768
if I change my approach

0:01:16.768,0:01:19.213
and change my attitude,

0:01:19.753,0:01:22.311
maybe I can change my language skills.

0:01:23.278,0:01:26.521
And what happened to inspire me [br]to get into language learning

0:01:26.521,0:01:29.264
was I met a polyglot.

0:01:29.264,0:01:32.761
A polyglot is someone[br]who can speak many languages.

0:01:32.761,0:01:34.902
And the first time[br]you meet someone like that,

0:01:34.902,0:01:37.773
you can't help[br]but feel really impressed.

0:01:37.773,0:01:41.753
Like, for instance[br]there's Richard from the UK,

0:01:41.753,0:01:45.023
and there's one video online[br]where he speaks 16 languages.

0:01:45.023,0:01:47.261
Let me just show you a little clip here

0:01:47.261,0:01:49.834
and you can see him:

0:01:51.255,0:01:53.274
French,

0:01:53.274,0:01:54.520
Estonian,

0:01:54.520,0:01:55.779
Czech

0:01:55.779,0:01:56.776
and Catalan

0:01:56.776,0:01:58.042
which is pretty impressive.

0:01:58.042,0:02:00.503
We also have Luca from Italy,

0:02:00.503,0:02:04.269
and here you can hear him speak in:

0:02:04.269,0:02:05.166
German

0:02:06.776,0:02:08.263
and Portuguese.

0:02:08.263,0:02:09.748
And we also have Susana,

0:02:09.748,0:02:12.061
who goes through here:

0:02:13.813,0:02:14.701
Italian

0:02:16.519,0:02:17.873
Russian.

0:02:18.760,0:02:21.783
And a very impressive video I saw once

0:02:21.783,0:02:26.016
of this 16-year-old [br]from America called Tim,

0:02:26.016,0:02:28.240
goes through 20 languages in one video,

0:02:28.240,0:02:31.235
and in this part here[br]you can see him go through:

0:02:32.742,0:02:34.035
Wolof,

0:02:38.139,0:02:38.734
Yiddish,

0:02:38.734,0:02:39.801
Hebrew,

0:02:39.801,0:02:41.515
Arabic,[br]Turkish,

0:02:41.515,0:02:42.686
Swahili

0:02:44.253,0:02:46.757
and Hindi.

0:02:46.757,0:02:49.258
So wow!

0:02:49.258,0:02:52.752
I met someone like this [br]and I was so impressed.

0:02:52.752,0:02:55.755
I thought to myself,[br]"I want to be like that!"

0:02:55.755,0:02:57.745
But the reason I wanted to be like that

0:02:57.745,0:03:00.069
is because I wanted people [br]to think I'm smart,

0:03:00.069,0:03:01.522
to be impressed with me,

0:03:01.522,0:03:04.510
and I met this polyglot [br]at the start of my time in Spain

0:03:04.510,0:03:07.279
and with this very superficial motivation,

0:03:07.279,0:03:10.248
just because it will be cool[br]to learn a language,

0:03:10.248,0:03:11.746
I failed.

0:03:11.746,0:03:14.743
So, what I discovered [br]after those 6 months

0:03:14.743,0:03:17.750
is one of the biggest problems[br]we have in language learning

0:03:17.750,0:03:18.773
but we don't know it,

0:03:18.773,0:03:20.753
and that's motivation.

0:03:20.753,0:03:24.248
A lot of us start with the wrong [br]motivation to learn a language.

0:03:24.248,0:03:27.244
We are learning the language[br]just to pass an exam,

0:03:27.244,0:03:29.771
to improve our career prospects

0:03:29.771,0:03:31.242
or, in my case,

0:03:31.242,0:03:34.233
for superficial reasons [br]to impress people.

0:03:34.233,0:03:35.238
And what I've found

0:03:35.238,0:03:38.283
is that those polyglots[br]that I've just shown in the video,

0:03:38.283,0:03:39.750
the reason they're learning the language

0:03:39.750,0:03:42.884
is because they're passionate[br]about that language,

0:03:42.884,0:03:46.284
They're passionate about [br]the literature, and the movies

0:03:46.284,0:03:48.248
and being able to read in a language

0:03:48.248,0:03:51.253
and of course to use it with people.

0:03:51.253,0:03:55.525
And when I changed that priority[br]of use in the language of people,

0:03:55.525,0:03:59.750
I was able to learn [br]the languages myself.

0:03:59.750,0:04:02.492
But there are a lot of things [br]that people feel

0:04:02.492,0:04:04.504
will not allow them to learn a language.

0:04:04.504,0:04:06.015
So I want to go through...

0:04:06.015,0:04:08.004
I think there's five, [br]I asked a lot of people,

0:04:08.004,0:04:11.779
there's five major reasons[br]they'd never get into language learning.

0:04:11.779,0:04:14.510
So, let me go through some of these here.

0:04:14.510,0:04:18.742
The first is they've [br]no language gene or talent.

0:04:19.851,0:04:22.538
No language gene or talent, well,

0:04:22.538,0:04:24.273
what does that mean?

0:04:24.273,0:04:28.725
I mean, sometimes this is actually [br]just a self-fullfilling prophecy.

0:04:28.725,0:04:29.779
In my case,

0:04:29.779,0:04:31.763
when I had to learn [br]the language growing up,

0:04:31.763,0:04:35.247
or the six months [br]of failed learning Spanish,

0:04:35.247,0:04:39.243
it was just me telling myself,[br]"I don't have the language gene,

0:04:39.243,0:04:43.263
so there's no point[br]in doing any work in the language."

0:04:43.263,0:04:44.599
Because I didn't put the work in

0:04:44.599,0:04:45.777
I didn't learn the language,

0:04:45.777,0:04:47.544
it's just a vicious circle,

0:04:47.544,0:04:49.741
it's all in your head.

0:04:49.741,0:04:51.761
There's no language gene,

0:04:51.761,0:04:53.747
we all have it already.

0:04:53.747,0:04:56.753
But let's just imagine [br]some people who do better,

0:04:56.753,0:04:58.271
because we see it in school,

0:04:58.271,0:05:01.392
people advance faster[br]than the rest of the crowd.

0:05:01.392,0:05:02.982
So let's say there's some inborn trait

0:05:02.982,0:05:06.262
to give somebody 20% advantage [br]over the rest of the people.

0:05:06.262,0:05:07.764
Good for them!

0:05:07.764,0:05:09.748
But that doesn't mean that you can't,

0:05:09.748,0:05:12.730
it just means that you have [br]to work 20% harder.

0:05:12.730,0:05:15.276
And I've found that, [br]at least in my case,

0:05:15.276,0:05:19.227
when I work harder, I can catch up [br]with the naturally talented

0:05:19.227,0:05:21.233
and even overtake them.

0:05:21.233,0:05:24.265
So, not having talent[br]is not a good excuse.

0:05:25.751,0:05:27.003
The next reason

0:05:27.003,0:05:30.515
is that you are too old [br]to learn a second language.

0:05:32.137,0:05:33.548
I certainly felt this myself

0:05:33.548,0:05:36.262
because up to 21, [br]I didn't learn a language,

0:05:36.262,0:05:38.763
and lots of us feel that children...

0:05:38.763,0:05:42.861
their brains are hard wired[br]to learn languages better.

0:05:43.750,0:05:46.029
But is it really neurology at play here

0:05:46.029,0:05:47.314
or could it be the environment

0:05:47.314,0:05:49.074
in which the child [br]is learning the language?

0:05:49.863,0:05:53.265
Well, a study at the [br]University of Haifa in Israel

0:05:53.265,0:05:56.009
actually found that [br]under the right conditions,

0:05:56.009,0:06:00.527
adults are better language[br]learners than children.

0:06:00.527,0:06:03.978
It's sound incredible[br]but it's about your environment,

0:06:03.978,0:06:05.261
it's about your motivation,

0:06:05.261,0:06:07.264
it's about the enthusiasm [br]and encouragement

0:06:07.264,0:06:08.749
you get from other people.

0:06:08.749,0:06:09.753
And when you think of it,

0:06:09.753,0:06:13.002
adults tend to be studying[br]dusty old grammar books

0:06:13.002,0:06:15.021
and doing boring exercises,

0:06:15.021,0:06:18.251
while children are playing [br]in the language, having fun in it.

0:06:18.251,0:06:21.775
So I found that when I changed this[br]to live through the language,

0:06:21.775,0:06:25.740
not making it by studying the language,[br]but living the language,

0:06:25.740,0:06:28.231
then I was much more successful.

0:06:28.231,0:06:30.508
So you're not too old [br]to learn a language.

0:06:30.508,0:06:33.496
I've met people in their sixties[br]starting to learn a language

0:06:33.496,0:06:35.717
and being successful with that.

0:06:36.672,0:06:38.985
The next excuse people would have,

0:06:38.985,0:06:42.532
is that they can't travel [br]to the country right now.

0:06:42.532,0:06:46.271
Now, maybe 20 years ago[br]this would have been a valid excuse

0:06:46.271,0:06:48.986
but nowadays [br]the world is smaller than you think.

0:06:48.986,0:06:50.210
Thanks to the internet,

0:06:50.210,0:06:53.554
we can connect with native speakers [br]from across the planet

0:06:53.554,0:06:57.272
and you'll see that in a lot of cases,

0:06:57.272,0:06:58.763
they might want to learn your language,

0:06:58.763,0:07:00.754
and then money is not even an issue,

0:07:00.754,0:07:03.616
because you teach them a little[br]and they teach you a little.

0:07:04.497,0:07:07.230
But even forgetting the internet[br]for a moment,

0:07:07.230,0:07:08.742
a lot of us live in cities or towns

0:07:08.742,0:07:12.215
that are more international [br]than what we think,

0:07:12.215,0:07:14.783
and when I was travelling in America,

0:07:14.783,0:07:18.004
I made it to Columbus, Ohio,[br]of all places,

0:07:18.004,0:07:21.050
to meet this very interesting polyglot [br]called Moses,

0:07:21.050,0:07:23.562
and he does what he likes[br]to call "leveling up",

0:07:23.562,0:07:25.505
where he'll go to some public place

0:07:25.505,0:07:28.245
and just see if he can find [br]some foreigners

0:07:28.245,0:07:30.241
and practice the language with them.

0:07:30.241,0:07:34.275
And I joined him when [br]we went to a mall in Columbus,

0:07:34.275,0:07:37.515
and the two of us managed [br]to practice twelve languages,

0:07:37.515,0:07:41.237
and just here in this clip you can see[br]he goes through:

0:07:41.237,0:07:42.824
Cantonese,

0:07:44.520,0:07:45.697
and here's Cambodian,

0:07:47.260,0:07:50.753
and you can see that the guy [br]really appreciated him trying.

0:07:50.753,0:07:54.772
So, you can learn a language anywhere,

0:07:54.772,0:07:56.507
and I wanted to push this to the limit,

0:07:56.507,0:08:00.495
in my most recent project[br]I went to the middle of Brazil,

0:08:00.495,0:08:01.759
of all places,

0:08:01.759,0:08:04.261
to learn Egyptian Arabic.

0:08:04.261,0:08:06.255
And I succeeded,

0:08:06.255,0:08:08.739
because even though [br]there were no Egyptians around me,

0:08:08.739,0:08:10.004
I got on Skype

0:08:10.004,0:08:12.512
and I talked for one or two hours a day

0:08:12.512,0:08:15.260
and I managed [br]to go up towards conversation levels.

0:08:15.260,0:08:16.281
So no!

0:08:16.281,0:08:21.242
not being able to travel to the country[br]is not a good excuse.

0:08:21.242,0:08:23.253
The next one people might give

0:08:23.253,0:08:27.516
is that they've got bad memory[br]for learning all the vocabulary.

0:08:27.516,0:08:29.778
And this was certainly what I felt

0:08:29.778,0:08:31.513
because when I first [br]tried to learn Spanish,

0:08:31.513,0:08:33.268
I get a big list of words,

0:08:33.268,0:08:34.754
I tried to go through them

0:08:34.754,0:08:36.575
and I forget them very quickly.

0:08:37.243,0:08:40.632
But research on memory capacity

0:08:40.632,0:08:41.535
has found that

0:08:41.535,0:08:47.541
it's better when you revise these words [br]with the right frequency,

0:08:47.541,0:08:49.040
and there's this technique called

0:08:49.040,0:08:50.839
"Spaced repetition",

0:08:50.839,0:08:54.011
where you revise the word

0:08:54.011,0:08:55.508
just before you'll forget it.

0:08:55.508,0:08:58.741
And it looks something like [br]this forgetting curve,

0:08:58.741,0:09:00.881
the red line is what typically happens

0:09:00.881,0:09:03.276
when you first see a word

0:09:03.276,0:09:07.513
but to get it into your head[br]and stuck there permanently

0:09:07.513,0:09:09.525
then just review it to make sure it goes,

0:09:09.525,0:09:12.747
like review it one day later,[br]then a week later

0:09:12.747,0:09:14.280
and then a month later.

0:09:14.280,0:09:17.000
And there are apps in your Smartphone

0:09:17.000,0:09:18.789
and there's free programs [br]that you can download

0:09:18.789,0:09:21.050
that help you time all of this.

0:09:21.050,0:09:22.260
And that's great

0:09:22.260,0:09:24.240
but you can learn the words

0:09:24.240,0:09:27.511
faster and better if you combine this

0:09:27.511,0:09:30.241
with an image association technique.

0:09:30.241,0:09:32.263
So, for instance, let's say[br]I wanted to learn

0:09:32.263,0:09:36.503
that the Spanish word for[br]"to fit" is "caber".

0:09:36.503,0:09:38.753
Well, what if I imagine then

0:09:38.753,0:09:43.410
that's barely possible[br]to fit a bear in a cab?

0:09:43.410,0:09:47.029
"Cab-bear" it's "caber", it's "to fit".

0:09:47.029,0:09:49.276
So you do this for a lot of words

0:09:49.276,0:09:51.043
and it actually gets [br]very easy with time

0:09:51.043,0:09:53.760
and you can learn vocabulary instantly.

0:09:53.760,0:09:57.850
So no, having a bad memory [br]is not a good excuse.

0:10:00.017,0:10:01.275
Next,

0:10:01.275,0:10:03.493
and I think the most important one

0:10:03.493,0:10:04.521
that the people always say,

0:10:04.521,0:10:08.241
is that they're going [br]to frustrate native speakers.

0:10:08.241,0:10:10.857
And this is just so not true.

0:10:11.741,0:10:14.515
I've been to many places, [br]I've spoken to many people

0:10:14.515,0:10:16.761
and every time[br]I attempt to use their language,

0:10:16.761,0:10:19.491
they're overjoyed, they're so pleased

0:10:19.491,0:10:21.436
that I'm even trying!

0:10:22.250,0:10:25.904
And I just feel like, especially adults,

0:10:25.904,0:10:28.283
when we learn a language,[br]we are such perfectionists,

0:10:28.283,0:10:30.782
we want everything to be just right,

0:10:30.782,0:10:35.021
and perfectionism is a really [br]bad thing in language learning,

0:10:35.021,0:10:37.512
because a language [br]is a means of communication,

0:10:37.512,0:10:40.778
it's a way to get to know [br]new people and new cultures,

0:10:40.778,0:10:42.444
and when you embrace this,

0:10:42.444,0:10:44.561
it's okay to make mistakes!

0:10:44.561,0:10:48.753
And I actually have a goal[br]to make at least 200 mistakes a day

0:10:48.753,0:10:50.421
because then I know [br]I'm getting somewhere,

0:10:50.421,0:10:52.089
I'm using the language!

0:10:52.089,0:10:53.758
So embarrass yourself,

0:10:53.758,0:10:55.250
go out there, talk to people

0:10:55.250,0:10:56.520
it's okay.

0:10:56.520,0:10:58.954
When do you think [br]I was learning a language better:

0:10:59.740,0:11:00.391
here?

0:11:01.742,0:11:02.564
or here?

0:11:02.939,0:11:05.685
(Laughter)

0:11:05.685,0:11:09.239
So, anyone can indeed learn a language

0:11:09.239,0:11:10.998
when you use it with people,

0:11:10.998,0:11:13.353
and it's okay to use it early,

0:11:14.497,0:11:16.018
And this is so important,

0:11:16.018,0:11:17.253
that you don't have to wait

0:11:17.253,0:11:20.801
until you speak the language perfectly [br]and fluently and so on.

0:11:20.801,0:11:23.770
You can get into it[br]sooner than you'd expect

0:11:23.770,0:11:28.258
and it opens up so many doors[br]to these other cultures.

0:11:28.258,0:11:29.252
So for instance,

0:11:29.252,0:11:31.766
after I'd learned that Arabic in Brazil,

0:11:31.766,0:11:33.251
I made it to Egypt

0:11:33.251,0:11:36.038
and I made all the way deep [br]into the Sahara desert,

0:11:36.038,0:11:38.513
I sat down in the sand with an Egyptian

0:11:38.513,0:11:39.526
and we had some tea,

0:11:39.526,0:11:41.274
we had this nice little chat here:

0:11:41.274,0:11:44.739
(In Arabic)

0:11:44.739,0:11:48.774
(In Arabic)

0:11:48.774,0:11:50.760
and there I'm just saying that

0:11:50.760,0:11:53.774
Egypt is so much, so vast, so great,

0:11:53.774,0:11:57.248
it's so much more[br]that just Tahrir Square in Cairo.

0:11:57.248,0:11:59.765
And, now when I was speaking with him,

0:11:59.765,0:12:01.762
I used the wrong word here and there

0:12:01.762,0:12:04.729
and I conjugated the wrong verb[br]every now and again,

0:12:04.729,0:12:05.757
but that's okay,

0:12:05.757,0:12:08.236
because even with[br]this conversation level,

0:12:08.236,0:12:10.750
I had this fascinating [br]conversation with him.

0:12:10.750,0:12:13.482
And I've done this with [br]other cultures and other languages

0:12:13.482,0:12:15.750
and I even managed to learn [br]a little American sign language.

0:12:15.750,0:12:18.788
And here you can see [br]Juliana had asked me

0:12:18.788,0:12:20.756
why I didn't learn Irish sign language,

0:12:20.756,0:12:22.496
and I said, because when I'm in Ireland

0:12:22.496,0:12:25.256
I like to improve my Irish [br]and my Gaelic

0:12:25.256,0:12:26.756
which I can then speak here:

0:12:26.756,0:12:31.746
(In Irish)

0:12:31.746,0:12:34.528
so that was me on Irish radio

0:12:34.528,0:12:36.511
saying about my travels and whatever,

0:12:36.511,0:12:40.268
and I learned Irish [br]for ten years in school

0:12:40.268,0:12:43.767
and I wasn't able to say [br]the most basic phrases after that.

0:12:43.767,0:12:45.260
But as an adult,

0:12:45.260,0:12:46.750
I went back to Ireland

0:12:46.750,0:12:50.263
and I embraced using [br]the language as a beginner.

0:12:50.263,0:12:52.771
And that helped me to reach this stage.

0:12:52.771,0:12:54.504
And it's okay to be a beginner,

0:12:54.504,0:12:56.737
it's okay to be conversational,

0:12:56.737,0:12:58.743
but when you take this on,

0:12:58.743,0:13:00.759
you take it to the next level,

0:13:00.759,0:13:02.267
then you can reach very well.

0:13:02.267,0:13:04.502
I mean, I've got [br]a very good level in French,

0:13:04.502,0:13:05.747
Spanish and acouple of languages.

0:13:05.747,0:13:07.762
I've worked as a professional translator

0:13:07.762,0:13:09.767
like here I'm having a chat in French:

0:13:09.767,0:13:13.392
(In French)

0:13:13.392,0:13:15.458
and that's great, [br]that's what everybody thinks of

0:13:15.458,0:13:17.062
when they're getting[br]into language learning,

0:13:17.062,0:13:18.252
they think, "That's what I want to be,

0:13:18.252,0:13:20.232
I want to be at this [br]very high professional level,

0:13:20.232,0:13:23.102
have deep philosophical conversations."

0:13:23.102,0:13:24.511
and that's fantastic

0:13:24.511,0:13:27.019
and yeah, it's impressive[br]when you see people like that.

0:13:27.019,0:13:28.503
But rather than be impressive,

0:13:28.503,0:13:29.627
I think it's so much better

0:13:29.627,0:13:32.513
when you embrace the beginning stage[br]of language learning.

0:13:32.513,0:13:35.260
And one of the most [br]amazing experiences I've had,

0:13:35.260,0:13:37.764
was when I was in China, on the train,

0:13:37.764,0:13:40.505
at 2000 kilometers deep into China,

0:13:40.505,0:13:43.011
and I had a basic conversation[br]of "What's your name?"

0:13:43.011,0:13:45.777
and it turns out [br]I was given my Chinese name

0:13:45.777,0:13:47.055
there on the train,

0:13:47.055,0:13:48.384
and look, this is how it went:

0:13:48.384,0:13:49.740
(In Chinese)

0:13:49.740,0:13:51.494
"What's your name?"

0:13:51.494,0:13:52.783
"I'm Benny."

0:13:52.783,0:13:54.763
(In Chinese)

0:13:54.763,0:13:56.773
"I don't have a Chinese name."

0:13:56.773,0:13:58.516
and then (unclear),

0:13:58.516,0:14:02.259
says, [br]"I tell you your name is Pun Li."

0:14:02.259,0:14:04.783
because this sounds [br]like your normal name

0:14:04.783,0:14:08.126
and it means ability or skill.

0:14:08.126,0:14:10.098
And you know,

0:14:10.098,0:14:11.747
just, I can have that conversation,

0:14:11.747,0:14:14.746
even with a basic conversation[br]level of Chinese.

0:14:14.746,0:14:16.246
And I do have the ability,

0:14:16.246,0:14:17.751
I do have the skill to learn a language.

0:14:17.751,0:14:20.066
But I always did,

0:14:20.066,0:14:21.747
we all always do.

0:14:21.747,0:14:24.103
And the reason I have this skill

0:14:24.103,0:14:27.283
is not because I was born[br]with it and others weren't,

0:14:27.283,0:14:30.242
it's a decision I made.

0:14:30.242,0:14:32.742
And the problem a lot of us face

0:14:32.742,0:14:35.242
is that we feel that [br]we're better studying

0:14:35.242,0:14:38.222
and preparing for speaking [br]a language some day,

0:14:38.222,0:14:40.038
because if we do it too early

0:14:40.038,0:14:42.534
the world will end [br]from all this frustration

0:14:42.534,0:14:44.211
we cause people.

0:14:44.211,0:14:46.241
There are seven days in a week

0:14:46.241,0:14:49.240
and some day is not one of them.

0:14:49.240,0:14:53.506
I say, rather than see [br]if the world will end,

0:14:53.506,0:14:57.496
a whole new world will begin[br]if you try to learn a new language.

0:14:57.496,0:14:58.964
So I hope you'll give it a try.

0:14:58.964,0:14:59.994
Thank you.

0:14:59.994,0:15:02.764
(Applause)