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Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.60,0:00:08.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is bipolar disorder?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.54,0:00:12.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The word bipolar means two extremes.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.60,0:00:16.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For the many millions experiencing\Nbipolar disorder around the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.78,0:00:20.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,life is split between \Ntwo different realities -
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.40,0:00:22.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,elation and depression.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.84,0:00:25.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Although there are many variations\Nof bipolar disorder,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.87,0:00:27.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let's consider a couple.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.82,0:00:31.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Type 1 has extreme highs\Nalongside the lows,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.92,0:00:36.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while Type 2 involves briefer, \Nless extreme periods of elation
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.51,0:00:39.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,interspersed with long periods\Nof depression.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.74,0:00:42.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For someone seesawing between\Nemotional states,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.54,0:00:48.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it can feel impossible to find the balance\Nnecessary to lead a healthy life.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.08,0:00:52.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Type 1's extreme highs are known\Nas manic episodes,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.26,0:00:56.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they can make a person range from\Nfeeling irritable to invincible.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.78,0:01:01.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But these euphoric episodes exceed\Nordinary feelings of joy,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.22,0:01:03.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,causing troubling symptoms \Nlike racing thoughts,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.85,0:01:05.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sleeplessness,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.34,0:01:06.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rapid speech,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.52,0:01:07.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,impuslive actions,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.96,0:01:10.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and risky behaviors.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.12,0:01:12.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Without treatment, these episodes\Nbecome more frequent,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.90,0:01:13.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,intense,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.83,0:01:16.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and take longer to subside.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.22,0:01:20.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The depressed phase of bipolar disorder\Nmanifests in many ways -
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.63,0:01:21.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a low mood,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.66,0:01:23.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dwindling interest in hobbies,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.72,0:01:25.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,changes in appetite,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.26,0:01:27.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,feeling worthless or excessively guilty,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.86,0:01:30.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sleeping either too much or too little,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.15,0:01:32.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,restlessness or slowness,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.26,0:01:35.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or persistent thoughts of suicide.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.56,0:01:38.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Worldwide, about one \Nto three percent of adults
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.40,0:01:43.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,experience the broad range of symptoms\Nthat indicate bipolar disorder.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.60,0:01:46.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of those people are functional,\Ncontributing members of society,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.97,0:01:49.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and their lives, choices, \Nand relationships
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.53,0:01:52.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,aren't defined by the disorder,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.10,0:01:55.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but still, for many, the consequences\Nare serious.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.70,0:01:59.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The illness can undermine educational\Nand professional performance,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.43,0:02:00.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,relationships,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.58,0:02:01.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,financial security,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.91,0:02:05.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and personal safety.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.30,0:02:08.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what causes bipolar disorder?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.41,0:02:12.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Researchers think a key player is \Nthe brain's intricate wiring.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.56,0:02:15.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Healthy brains maintain strong connections\Nbetween neurons
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.95,0:02:19.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thanks to the brain's continuous efforts\Nto prune itself
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.49,0:02:24.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and remove unused or faulty\Nneural connections.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.68,0:02:28.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This process is important because our \Nneural pathways serve as a map
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.98,0:02:31.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for everything we do.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.39,0:02:33.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Using functional magnetic \Nresonance imaging,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.86,0:02:38.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,scientists have discovered that the brain's \Npruning ability is disrupted
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.10,0:02:40.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in people with bipolar disorder.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.77,0:02:43.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That means their neurons go haywire
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.06,0:02:46.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and create a network\Nthat's impossible to navigate.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.40,0:02:49.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With only confusing signals as a guide,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.23,0:02:53.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people with bipolar disorder develop\Nabnormal thoughts and behaviors.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.94,0:02:55.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also, psychotic symptoms,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.56,0:02:57.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like disorganized speech and behavior,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.92,0:02:59.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,delusional thoughts,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.23,0:03:00.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,paranoia,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.49,0:03:01.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and hallucinations
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.79,0:03:05.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can emerge during extreme phases\Nof bipolar disorder.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.96,0:03:11.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is attributed to the overabundance\Nof a neurotransmitter called dopamine.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.38,0:03:17.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But despite these insights, we can't pin\Nbipolar disorder down to a single cause.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.45,0:03:20.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In reality, it's a complex problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.07,0:03:23.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, the brain's amygdala\Nis involved in thinking,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.37,0:03:24.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,long-term memory,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.78,0:03:26.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and emotional processing.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.83,0:03:31.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this brain region, factors as varied\Nas genetics and social trauma
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.42,0:03:36.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,may create abnormalities and trigger\Nthe symptoms of bipolar disorder.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.61,0:03:38.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The condition tends to run in families,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.64,0:03:42.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we do know that genetics have\Na lot to do with it.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.20,0:03:45.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that doesn't mean there's\Na single bipolar gene.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.47,0:03:48.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, the likelihood of developing\Nbipolar disorder
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.52,0:03:52.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is driven by the interactions between\Nmany genes
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.01,0:03:55.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a complicated recipe we're still\Ntrying to understand.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.59,0:03:57.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The causes are complex,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.12,0:04:02.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and consequently, diagnosing and living\Nwith bipolar disorder is a challenge.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.36,0:04:05.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Despite this, the disorder \Nis controllable.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.28,0:04:09.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Certain medications like lithium can help\Nmanage risky thoughts and behaviors
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.80,0:04:11.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by stabilizing moods.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.97,0:04:17.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These mood stabilizing medications work by\Ndecreasing abnormal activity in the brain,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.86,0:04:21.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thereby strengthening the viable\Nneural connections.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.07,0:04:24.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Other frequently used medications\Ninclude antipsychotics,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.45,0:04:27.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which alter the effects of dopamine,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.28,0:04:29.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and electroconvulsive therapy,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.47,0:04:32.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which works like a carefully controlled\Nseizure in the brain,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.77,0:04:35.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is sometimes used as \Nan emergency treatment.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.75,0:04:38.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some bipolar patients reject treatment
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.03,0:04:40.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they're afraid it will\Ndim their emotions
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.32,0:04:42.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and destroy their creativity.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.45,0:04:46.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But modern psychiatry is actively\Ntrying to avoid that.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.06,0:04:49.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, doctors work with patients\Non a case-by-case basis
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.75,0:04:53.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to administer a combination of treatments\Nand therapies
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.35,0:04:56.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that allows them to live \Nto their fullest possible potential.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.97,0:05:00.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And beyond treatment, people with\Nbipolar disorder can benefit
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.18,0:05:02.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from even simpler changes.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.31,0:05:04.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those include regular exercise,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.09,0:05:05.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,good sleep habits,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.46,0:05:08.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sobriety from drugs and alcohol,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.02,0:05:12.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not to mention the acceptance\Nand empathy of family and friends.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.41,0:05:15.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember, bipolar disorder \Nis a medical condition,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.52,0:05:17.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not a person's fault,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.34,0:05:18.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or their whole identity,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.99,0:05:20.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's something that can be controlled
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.97,0:05:24.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through a combination of medical \Ntreatments doing their work internally,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.49,0:05:29.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,friends and family fostering acceptance\Nand understanding on the outside,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.02,0:05:32.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and people with bipolar disorder \Nempowering themselves
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.46,0:05:34.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to find balance in their lives.