[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.60,0:00:02.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you're a child,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.48,0:00:06.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,anything and everything is possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.15,0:00:10.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The challenge, so often,\Nis hanging on to that as we grow up.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.60,0:00:12.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as a four-year-old,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.18,0:00:14.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had the opportunity\Nto sail for the first time.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.67,0:00:19.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I will never forget\Nthe excitement as we closed the coast.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.88,0:00:21.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I will never forget
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.64,0:00:24.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the feeling of adventure\Nas I climbed on board the boat
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.64,0:00:28.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and stared into her tiny cabin\Nfor the first time.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.28,0:00:31.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the most amazing feeling\Nwas the feeling of freedom,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.49,0:00:35.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the feeling that I felt\Nwhen we hoisted her sails.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.23,0:00:37.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a four-year-old child,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.60,0:00:41.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was the greatest sense of freedom\Nthat I could ever imagine.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.45,0:00:44.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I made my mind up there and then\Nthat one day, somehow,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.79,0:00:47.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was going to sail around the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.53,0:00:52.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I did what I could in my life\Nto get closer to that dream.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.36,0:00:55.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Age 10, it was saving my school\Ndinner money change.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.43,0:00:59.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every single day for eight years,\NI had mashed potato and baked beans,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.34,0:01:01.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which cost 4p each, and gravy was free.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.100,0:01:05.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every day I would pile up the change\Non the top of my money box,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.01,0:01:07.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when that pile reached a pound,\NI would drop it in
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.60,0:01:12.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and cross off one of the 100 squares\NI'd drawn on a piece of paper.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.17,0:01:15.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Finally, I bought a tiny dinghy.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.42,0:01:19.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I spent hours sitting on it in the garden\Ndreaming of my goal.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.38,0:01:22.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I read every book I could on sailing,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.50,0:01:25.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then eventually,\Nhaving been told by my school
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.50,0:01:27.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wasn't clever enough to be a vet,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.77,0:01:32.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,left school age 17 to begin\Nmy apprenticeship in sailing.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.74,0:01:36.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So imagine how it felt\Njust four years later
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.83,0:01:38.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be sitting in a boardroom
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.51,0:01:42.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in front of someone who I knew\Ncould make that dream come true.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.90,0:01:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I felt like my life\Ndepended on that moment,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.00,0:01:48.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and incredibly, he said yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.64,0:01:52.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I could barely contain my excitement\Nas I sat in that first design meeting
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.75,0:01:55.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,designing a boat\Non which I was going to sail
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.56,0:01:58.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,solo nonstop around the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.44,0:02:01.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From that first meeting\Nto the finish line of the race,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.30,0:02:03.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was everything I'd ever imagined.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.60,0:02:07.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just like in my dreams, there were\Namazing parts and tough parts.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.50,0:02:09.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We missed an iceberg by 20 feet.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.66,0:02:12.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nine times, I climbed to the top\Nof her 90-foot mast.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.93,0:02:15.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were blown on our side\Nin the Southern Ocean.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.30,0:02:18.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the sunsets, the wildlife,\Nand the remoteness
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.27,0:02:21.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were absolutely breathtaking.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.86,0:02:24.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After three months at sea, age just 24,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.50,0:02:26.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I finished in second position.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.36,0:02:30.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd loved it, so much so\Nthat within six months
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.75,0:02:35.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I decided to go around the world again,\Nbut this time not in a race:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.33,0:02:40.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to try to be the fastest person ever\Nto sail solo nonstop around the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.79,0:02:43.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now for this, I needed a different craft:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.65,0:02:47.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bigger, wider, faster, more powerful.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.24,0:02:50.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just to give that boat some scale,\NI could climb inside her mast
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.96,0:02:52.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the way to the top.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.86,0:02:55.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Seventy-five foot long, 60 foot wide.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.25,0:02:58.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I affectionately called her Moby.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.55,0:03:00.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She was a multihull.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.31,0:03:03.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we built her, no one had ever\Nmade it solo nonstop
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.89,0:03:06.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around the world in one,\Nthough many had tried,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.19,0:03:11.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but whilst we built her, a Frenchman\Ntook a boat 25 percent bigger than her
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.06,0:03:14.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not only did he make it,\Nbut he took the record from 93 days
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.85,0:03:17.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,right down to 72.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.57,0:03:20.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The bar was now much, much higher.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.16,0:03:22.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these boats were exciting to sail.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.10,0:03:25.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was a training sail\Noff the French coast.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.47,0:03:29.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This I know well because I was one\Nof the five crew members on board.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.19,0:03:33.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Five seconds is all it took\Nfrom everything being fine
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.54,0:03:36.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to our world going black\Nas the windows were thrust underwater,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.62,0:03:38.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that five seconds goes quickly.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.78,0:03:41.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just see how far below\Nthose guys the sea is.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.68,0:03:45.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine that alone\Nin the Southern Ocean
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.79,0:03:49.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,plunged into icy water,\Nthousands of miles away from land.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.27,0:03:53.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was Christmas Day.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.56,0:03:56.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was forging into the Southern Ocean\Nunderneath Australia.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.93,0:03:59.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The conditions were horrendous.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.55,0:04:01.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was approaching a part in the ocean
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.53,0:04:05.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was 2,000 miles away\Nfrom the nearest town.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.43,0:04:08.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The nearest land was Antarctica,\Nand the nearest people
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.31,0:04:11.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would be those manning\Nthe European Space Station above me.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.18,0:04:12.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.56,0:04:15.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You really are in the middle of nowhere.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.37,0:04:17.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you need help,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.18,0:04:18.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you're still alive,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.74,0:04:21.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it takes four days\Nfor a ship to get to you
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.73,0:04:25.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then four days for that ship\Nto get you back to port.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.14,0:04:27.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No helicopter can reach you out there,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.47,0:04:29.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and no plane can land.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.31,0:04:32.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are forging ahead of a huge storm.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.94,0:04:35.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Within it, there was 80 knots of wind,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.37,0:04:38.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was far too much wind\Nfor the boat and I to cope with.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.30,0:04:41.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The waves were already 40 to 50 feet high,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.34,0:04:43.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the spray from the breaking crests
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.43,0:04:46.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was blown horizontally\Nlike snow in a blizzard.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.49,0:04:50.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we didn't sail fast enough,\Nwe'd be engulfed by that storm,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.37,0:04:53.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and either capsized or smashed to pieces.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.53,0:04:56.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were quite literally\Nhanging on for our lives
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.31,0:04:59.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and doing so on a knife edge.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.52,0:05:03.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The speed I so desperately needed\Nbrought with it danger.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.35,0:05:07.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We all know what it's like driving a car\N20 miles an hour, 30, 40.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.58,0:05:10.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not too stressful.\NWe can concentrate.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.45,0:05:12.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can turn on the radio.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.24,0:05:16.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Take that 50, 60, 70, accelerate through\Nto 80, 90, 100 miles an hour.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.70,0:05:19.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now you have white knuckles\Nand you're gripping the steering wheel.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.97,0:05:22.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now take that car off road at night
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.54,0:05:24.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and remove the windscreen wipers,\Nthe windscreen,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.87,0:05:26.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the headlights and the brakes.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.50,0:05:28.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's what it's like\Nin the Southern Ocean.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.70,0:05:32.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) (Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.17,0:05:34.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You could imagine
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.04,0:05:36.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it would be quite difficult\Nto sleep in that situation,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.83,0:05:38.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even as a passenger.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.78,0:05:40.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you're not a passenger.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.31,0:05:42.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're alone on a boat\Nyou can barely stand up in,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.70,0:05:45.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you have to make\Nevery single decision on board.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.21,0:05:48.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was absolutely exhausted,\Nphysically and mentally.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.49,0:05:50.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eight sail changes in 12 hours.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.60,0:05:53.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The mainsail weighed\Nthree times my body weight,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.13,0:05:54.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and after each change,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.83,0:05:57.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would collapse on the floor\Nsoaked with sweat
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.12,0:06:01.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with this freezing Southern Ocean air\Nburning the back of my throat.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.72,0:06:04.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But out there, those lowest of the lows
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.28,0:06:07.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are so often contrasted\Nwith the highest of the highs.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.60,0:06:11.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A few days later, we came out\Nof the back of the low.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.66,0:06:15.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Against all odds, we'd been able\Nto drive ahead of the record
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.40,0:06:17.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,within that depression.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.46,0:06:20.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The sky cleared, the rain stopped,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.25,0:06:24.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and our heartbeat, the monstrous\Nseas around us were transformed
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.57,0:06:28.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into the most beautiful moonlit mountains.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.17,0:06:32.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's hard to explain, but you enter\Na different mode when you head out there.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.76,0:06:34.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your boat is your entire world,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.75,0:06:37.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what you take with you\Nwhen you leave is all you have.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.60,0:06:40.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If I said to you all now,\N"Go off into Vancouver
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.61,0:06:44.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and find everything you will need for\Nyour survival for the next three months,"
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.35,0:06:46.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's quite a task.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.12,0:06:48.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's food, fuel, clothes,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.55,0:06:50.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even toilet roll and toothpaste.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.97,0:06:52.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's what we do,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.43,0:06:54.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when we leave we manage it
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.34,0:06:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,down to the last drop of diesel\Nand the last packet of food.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.00,0:06:59.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No experience in my life
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.83,0:07:03.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could have given me a better understanding\Nof the definition of the word "finite."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.74,0:07:05.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we have out there is all we have.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.85,0:07:07.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is no more.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.57,0:07:10.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And never in my life had I ever\Ntranslated that definition of finite
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.89,0:07:14.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I'd felt on board\Nto anything outside of sailing
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.21,0:07:18.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until I stepped off the boat at\Nthe finish line having broken that record.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.81,0:07:21.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.26,0:07:26.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Suddenly I connected the dots.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.94,0:07:29.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our global economy is no different.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.77,0:07:32.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's entirely dependent\Non finite materials
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.28,0:07:34.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we only have once\Nin the history of humanity.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.86,0:07:38.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it was a bit like seeing something\Nyou weren't expecting under a stone
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.64,0:07:40.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and having two choices:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.15,0:07:42.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I either put that stone to one side
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.70,0:07:46.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and learn more about it,\Nor I put that stone back
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.11,0:07:49.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I carry on with my dream job\Nof sailing around the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.53,0:07:52.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I chose the first.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.13,0:07:55.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I put it to one side and I began\Na new journey of learning,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.61,0:07:59.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,speaking to chief executives,\Nexperts, scientists, economists
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.12,0:08:02.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to try to understand just how\Nour global economy works.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.74,0:08:06.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And my curiosity took me\Nto some extraordinary places.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.43,0:08:09.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This photo was taken in the burner\Nof a coal-fired power station.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.18,0:08:14.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was fascinated by coal,\Nfundamental to our global energy needs,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.32,0:08:17.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also very close to my family.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.27,0:08:19.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My great-grandfather was a coal miner,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.28,0:08:22.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he spent 50 years\Nof his life underground.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.52,0:08:26.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a photo of him,\Nand when you see that photo,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.32,0:08:28.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you see someone from another era.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.80,0:08:31.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No one wears trousers\Nwith a waistband quite that high
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.82,0:08:34.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this day and age. (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.30,0:08:36.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But yet, that's me\Nwith my great-grandfather,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.97,0:08:41.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and by the way, they are not\Nhis real ears. (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.11,0:08:45.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were close. I remember sitting on\Nhis knee listening to his mining stories.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.56,0:08:47.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He talked of the camaraderie underground,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.82,0:08:51.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the fact that the miners used to save\Nthe crusts of their sandwiches
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.25,0:08:54.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to give to the ponies\Nthey worked with underground.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.34,0:08:56.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was like it was yesterday.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.73,0:08:58.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And on my journey of learning,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.52,0:09:00.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I went to the World\NCoal Association website,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.84,0:09:03.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there in the middle\Nof the homepage, it said,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.16,0:09:06.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We have about 118 years of coal left."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.32,0:09:09.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I thought to myself, well,\Nthat's well outside my lifetime,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.46,0:09:12.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a much greater figure\Nthan the predictions for oil.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.34,0:09:15.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I did the math, and I realized\Nthat my great-grandfather
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.40,0:09:19.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had been born exactly 118 years\Nbefore that year,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.97,0:09:22.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I sat on his knee\Nuntil I was 11 years old,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.74,0:09:24.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I realized it's nothing
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.64,0:09:26.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in time, nor in history.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.96,0:09:30.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it made me make a decision\NI never thought I would make:
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.12,0:09:32.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to leave the sport\Nof solo sailing behind me
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.47,0:09:35.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and focus on the greatest challenge\NI'd ever come across:
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.53,0:09:37.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the future of our global economy.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.86,0:09:40.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I quickly realized it wasn't\Njust about energy.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.57,0:09:42.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was also materials.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.61,0:09:44.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2008, I picked up a scientific study
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.77,0:09:46.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looking at how many years we have
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.82,0:09:49.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of valuable materials\Nto extract from the ground:
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.53,0:09:53.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,copper, 61; tin, zinc, 40; silver, 29.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.92,0:09:57.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These figures couldn't be exact,\Nbut we knew those materials were finite.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.94,0:09:59.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We only have them once.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.67,0:10:03.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And yet, our speed that we've used\Nthese materials has increased rapidly,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.21,0:10:04.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,exponentially.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.95,0:10:07.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With more people in the world\Nwith more stuff,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.81,0:10:10.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've effectively seen\N100 years of price declines
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.58,0:10:13.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in those basic commodities\Nerased in just 10 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.42,0:10:15.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this affects all of us.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.21,0:10:17.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's brought huge volatility in prices,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.23,0:10:20.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so much so that in 2011,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.08,0:10:22.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your average European car manufacturer
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.62,0:10:25.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,saw a raw material price increase
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.17,0:10:27.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of 500 million Euros,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.38,0:10:29.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wiping away half their operating profits
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.70,0:10:33.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through something they have\Nabsolutely no control over.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.26,0:10:36.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the more I learned, the more\NI started to change my own life.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.56,0:10:38.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I started traveling less,\Ndoing less, using less.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.85,0:10:42.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It felt like actually doing less\Nwas what we had to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.39,0:10:44.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it sat uneasy with me.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.74,0:10:45.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It didn't feel right.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.86,0:10:48.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It felt like we were\Nbuying ourselves time.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.36,0:10:50.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were eking things out a bit longer.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.25,0:10:53.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even if everybody changed,\Nit wouldn't solve the problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.48,0:10:55.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It wouldn't fix the system.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.52,0:10:58.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was vital in the transition,\Nbut what fascinated me was,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.56,0:11:02.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the transition to what?\NWhat could actually work?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.95,0:11:07.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It struck me that the system itself,\Nthe framework within which we live,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.25,0:11:09.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is fundamentally flawed,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.54,0:11:12.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I realized ultimately
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.80,0:11:15.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that our operating system,\Nthe way our economy functions,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.84,0:11:19.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the way our economy's been built,\Nis a system in itself.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.32,0:11:22.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At sea, I had to understand\Ncomplex systems.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.22,0:11:24.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had to take multiple inputs,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.10,0:11:25.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had to process them,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.61,0:11:28.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I had to understand the system to win.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.50,0:11:30.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had to make sense of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.23,0:11:34.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as I looked at our global economy,\NI realized it too is that system,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.30,0:11:38.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's a system that effectively\Ncan't run in the long term.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.71,0:11:42.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I realized we've been perfecting\Nwhat's effectively a linear economy
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.47,0:11:44.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for 150 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.34,0:11:46.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we take a material\Nout of the ground,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.37,0:11:48.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we make something out of it,\Nand then ultimately
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.88,0:11:52.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that product gets thrown away,\Nand yes, we do recycle some of it,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.15,0:11:55.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but more an attempt to get out\Nwhat we can at the end,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.15,0:11:57.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not by design.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.35,0:12:00.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's an economy that fundamentally\Ncan't run in the long term,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.56,0:12:03.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if we know that we\Nhave finite materials,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.59,0:12:06.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why would we build an economy\Nthat would effectively use things up,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.92,0:12:08.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that would create waste?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.78,0:12:11.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Life itself has existed\Nfor billions of years
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.70,0:12:15.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and has continually adapted\Nto use materials effectively.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.32,0:12:18.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a complex system,\Nbut within it, there is no waste.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.64,0:12:20.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everything is metabolized.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.24,0:12:24.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not a linear economy\Nat all, but circular.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.93,0:12:28.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I felt like the child in the garden.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.93,0:12:33.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For the first time on this new journey,\NI could see exactly where we were headed.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.60,0:12:37.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we could build an economy that would\Nuse things rather than use them up,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.38,0:12:40.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we could build a future that really\Ncould work in the long term.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.61,0:12:42.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was excited.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.51,0:12:44.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was something to work towards.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.67,0:12:48.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We knew exactly where we were headed.\NWe just had to work out how to get there,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.45,0:12:50.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it was exactly with this in mind
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.38,0:12:54.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we created the Ellen MacArthur\NFoundation in September 2010.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.48,0:12:59.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many schools of thought fed our thinking\Nand pointed to this model:
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.35,0:13:03.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,industrial symbiosis, performance economy,\Nsharing economy, biomimicry,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.97,0:13:06.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and of course, cradle-to-cradle design.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.89,0:13:10.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Materials would be defined\Nas either technical or biological,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.58,0:13:13.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,waste would be designed out entirely,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.60,0:13:16.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we would have a system\Nthat could function
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.11,0:13:18.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,absolutely in the long term.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.29,0:13:20.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what could this economy look like?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:21.15,0:13:25.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe we wouldn't buy light fittings,\Nbut we'd pay for the service of light,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.09,0:13:27.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the manufacturers\Nwould recover the materials
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.53,0:13:30.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and change the light fittings\Nwhen we had more efficient products.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.69,0:13:33.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if packaging was so nontoxic\Nit could dissolve in water
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.99,0:13:37.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we could ultimately drink it?\NIt would never become waste.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.10,0:13:39.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if engines were re-manufacturable,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.22,0:13:41.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we could recover\Nthe component materials
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.49,0:13:43.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and significantly reduce energy demand.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.72,0:13:47.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if we could recover components\Nfrom circuit boards, reutilize them,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.16,0:13:49.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then fundamentally recover\Nthe materials within them
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.82,0:13:51.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through a second stage?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:51.22,0:13:53.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if we could collect\Nfood waste, human waste?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.52,0:13:56.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if we could turn that\Ninto fertilizer, heat, energy,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.70,0:13:59.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ultimately reconnecting nutrients systems
Dialogue: 0,0:13:59.69,0:14:02.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and rebuilding natural capital?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.80,0:14:05.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And cars -- what we want\Nis to move around.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:05.71,0:14:08.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't need to own\Nthe materials within them.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.35,0:14:09.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Could cars become a service
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.99,0:14:12.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and provide us with\Nmobility in the future?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:13.03,0:14:17.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of this sounds amazing, but these\Naren't just ideas, they're real today,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.23,0:14:19.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these lie at the forefront\Nof the circular economy.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.95,0:14:24.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What lies before us is to expand them\Nand scale them up.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.45,0:14:27.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how would you shift\Nfrom linear to circular?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:27.90,0:14:31.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, the team and I at the foundation\Nthought you might want to work
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.20,0:14:33.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the top universities in the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:33.07,0:14:35.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with leading businesses within the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.09,0:14:37.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the biggest convening\Nplatforms in the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.44,0:14:38.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and with governments.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:38.44,0:14:41.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We thought you might want\Nto work with the best analysts
Dialogue: 0,0:14:41.06,0:14:42.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and ask them the question,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.31,0:14:45.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Can the circular economy decouple\Ngrowth from resource constraints?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:45.51,0:14:49.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is the circular economy able\Nto rebuild natural capital?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:49.14,0:14:52.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Could the circular economy\Nreplace current chemical fertilizer use?"
Dialogue: 0,0:14:52.78,0:14:55.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes was the answer to the decoupling,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:55.13,0:14:58.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also yes, we could replace\Ncurrent fertilizer use
Dialogue: 0,0:14:58.14,0:15:01.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by a staggering 2.7 times.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:02.69,0:15:05.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what inspired me most\Nabout the circular economy
Dialogue: 0,0:15:05.25,0:15:08.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was its ability to inspire young people.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.78,0:15:11.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When young people see the economy\Nthrough a circular lens,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:11.91,0:15:16.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they see brand new opportunities\Non exactly the same horizon.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:16.49,0:15:19.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They can use their creativity\Nand knowledge
Dialogue: 0,0:15:19.09,0:15:21.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to rebuild the entire system,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:21.48,0:15:23.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's there for the taking right now,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:23.59,0:15:26.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the faster we do this, the better.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:26.05,0:15:29.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So could we achieve this\Nin their lifetimes?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:29.12,0:15:31.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is it actually possible?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:31.26,0:15:32.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I believe yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:33.10,0:15:36.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you look at the lifetime of\Nmy great-grandfather, anything's possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:37.57,0:15:41.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When he was born, there were only\N25 cars in the world;
Dialogue: 0,0:15:41.31,0:15:43.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they had only just been invented.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:43.74,0:15:47.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When he was 14, we flew\Nfor the first time in history.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.67,0:15:50.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now there are 100,000 charter flights
Dialogue: 0,0:15:50.16,0:15:52.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every single day.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:52.11,0:15:56.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When he was 45, we built\Nthe first computer.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:56.10,0:15:59.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many said it wouldn't catch on,\Nbut it did, and just 20 years later
Dialogue: 0,0:15:59.26,0:16:01.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we turned it into a microchip
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.28,0:16:05.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of which there will be thousands\Nin this room here today.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:05.48,0:16:08.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ten years before he died,\Nwe built the first mobile phone.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:08.36,0:16:10.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It wasn't that mobile, to be fair,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:10.33,0:16:12.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but now it really is,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:12.31,0:16:16.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as my great-grandfather\Nleft this Earth, the Internet arrived.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:16.28,0:16:18.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now we can do anything,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:18.39,0:16:19.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but more importantly,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:19.67,0:16:21.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now we have a plan.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:21.98,0:16:23.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:24.64,0:16:33.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)