[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.21,0:00:03.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd like to reimagine education.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.56,0:00:05.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The last year
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.15,0:00:08.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has seen the invention of a new four-letter word.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.05,0:00:09.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It starts with an M.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.97,0:00:14.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MOOC: massive open online courses.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.42,0:00:15.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many organizations
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.90,0:00:18.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are offering these online courses
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.66,0:00:22.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to students all over the world, in the millions, for free.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.69,0:00:24.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anybody who has an Internet connection
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.25,0:00:26.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the will to learn can access these great courses
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.78,0:00:28.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from excellent universities
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.87,0:00:32.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and get a credential at the end of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.13,0:00:34.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, in this discussion today,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.75,0:00:35.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to focus
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.99,0:00:39.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on a different aspect of MOOCs.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.26,0:00:41.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are taking what we are learning
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.61,0:00:44.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the technologies we are developing in the large
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.17,0:00:46.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and applying them in the small
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.27,0:00:49.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to create a blended model of education
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.25,0:00:51.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to really reinvent and reimagine
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.04,0:00:53.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what we do in the classroom.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.47,0:00:55.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, our classrooms could use change.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.98,0:00:58.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, here's a classroom
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.40,0:01:00.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at this little three-letter institute
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.43,0:01:03.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the Northeast of America, MIT.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.21,0:01:05.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this was a classroom about 50 or 60 years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.53,0:01:08.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is a classroom today.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.100,0:01:12.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's changed?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.12,0:01:14.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The seats are in color.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.66,0:01:17.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whoop-de-do.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.79,0:01:20.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Education really hasn't changed
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.50,0:01:22.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the past 500 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.20,0:01:24.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The last big innovation in education
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.53,0:01:28.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was the printing press and the textbooks.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.01,0:01:29.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everything else has changed around us.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.42,0:01:31.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, from healthcare to transportation,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.24,0:01:35.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everything is different,\Nbut education hasn't changed.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.74,0:01:38.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's also been a real issue in terms of access.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.41,0:01:40.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what you see here
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.04,0:01:42.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is not a rock concert.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.54,0:01:45.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the person you see at the end of the stage
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.08,0:01:47.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is not Madonna.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.14,0:01:48.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a classroom
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.77,0:01:53.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the Obafemi Awolowo University in Nigeria.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.19,0:01:57.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, we've all heard of distance education,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.13,0:01:58.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the students way in the back,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.50,0:02:00.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,200 feet away from the instructor,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.61,0:02:05.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think they are undergoing long-distance education.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.50,0:02:07.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I really believe
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.18,0:02:09.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we can transform education,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.39,0:02:12.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both in quality and scale and access,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.24,0:02:14.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.55,0:02:18.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, at edX,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.24,0:02:20.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are trying to transform education
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.49,0:02:23.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through online technologies.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.65,0:02:26.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Given education has been calcified for 500 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.91,0:02:29.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we really cannot think about reengineering it,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.10,0:02:30.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,micromanaging it.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.25,0:02:32.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We really have to completely reimagine it.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.56,0:02:36.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's like going from ox carts to the airplane.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.60,0:02:38.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even the infrastructure has to change.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.12,0:02:39.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everything has to change.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.73,0:02:43.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to go from lectures on the blackboard
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.10,0:02:45.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to online exercises, online videos.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.71,0:02:48.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to go to interactive virtual laboratories
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.19,0:02:49.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and gamification.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.84,0:02:51.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to go to completely online grading
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.75,0:02:54.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and peer interaction and discussion boards.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.50,0:02:56.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everything really has to change.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.78,0:02:59.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So at edX and a number of other organizations,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.29,0:03:01.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are applying these technologies to education
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.45,0:03:04.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through MOOCs to really\Nincrease access to education.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.63,0:03:06.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you heard of this example,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.35,0:03:08.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where, when we launched our very first course --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.97,0:03:10.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this was an MIT-hard
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.73,0:03:12.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,circuits and electronics course --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.32,0:03:15.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about a year and a half ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.01,0:03:20.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,155,000 students from 162 countries
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.32,0:03:22.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,enrolled in this course.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.02,0:03:24.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we had no marketing budget.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.71,0:03:28.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, 155,000 is a big number.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.19,0:03:29.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This number is bigger
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.93,0:03:32.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than the total number of alumni of MIT
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.56,0:03:36.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in its 150-year history.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.39,0:03:38.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,7,200 students passed the course,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.55,0:03:41.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this was a hard course.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.01,0:03:44.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,7,200 is also a big number.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.46,0:03:48.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If I were to teach at MIT two semesters every year,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.01,0:03:50.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would have to teach for 40 years
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.88,0:03:53.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before I could teach this many students.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.48,0:03:55.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now these large numbers
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.02,0:03:57.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are just one part of the story.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.18,0:03:59.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So today, I want to discuss a different aspect,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.84,0:04:01.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the other side of MOOCs,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.07,0:04:03.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,take a different perspective.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.25,0:04:06.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are taking what we develop\Nand learn in the large
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.18,0:04:07.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and applying it in the small
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.73,0:04:11.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the classroom, to create\Na blended model of learning.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.72,0:04:16.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But before I go into that, let me tell you a story.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.33,0:04:20.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When my daughter turned 13, became a teenager,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.41,0:04:23.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she stopped speaking English,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.78,0:04:26.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she began speaking this new language.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.84,0:04:29.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I call it teen-lish.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.64,0:04:31.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a digital language.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.86,0:04:38.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's got two sounds: a grunt and a silence.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.57,0:04:41.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Honey, come over for dinner."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.89,0:04:43.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Hmm."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.48,0:04:45.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Did you hear me?"
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.62,0:04:47.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Silence. (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.88,0:04:49.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Can you listen to me?"
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.25,0:04:50.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Hmm."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.62,0:04:52.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we had a real issue with communicating,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.58,0:04:54.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we were just not communicating,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.85,0:04:57.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until one day I had this epiphany.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.86,0:05:00.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I texted her. (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.52,0:05:02.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I got an instant response.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.84,0:05:04.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I said, no, that must have been by accident.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.53,0:05:05.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She must have thought, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.61,0:05:07.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some friend of hers was calling her.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.90,0:05:10.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I texted her again. Boom, another response.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.100,0:05:12.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I said, this is great.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.81,0:05:14.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so since then, our life has changed.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.86,0:05:16.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I text her, she responds.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.42,0:05:18.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's just been absolutely great.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.92,0:05:24.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.78,0:05:26.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So our millennial generation
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.75,0:05:28.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is built differently.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.38,0:05:30.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I'm older, and my\Nyouthful looks might belie that,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.88,0:05:34.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I'm not in the millennial generation.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.74,0:05:36.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But our kids are really different.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.37,0:05:38.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The millennial generation is completely comfortable
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.23,0:05:39.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with online technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.47,0:05:41.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So why are we fighting it in the classroom?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.50,0:05:43.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's not fight it. Let's embrace it.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.13,0:05:44.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, I believe -- and I have two fat thumbs,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.82,0:05:46.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can't text very well --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.47,0:05:48.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I'm willing to bet that with evolution,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.64,0:05:50.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our kids and their grandchildren
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.88,0:05:52.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will develop really, really little, itty-bitty thumbs
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.71,0:05:54.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to text much better,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.09,0:05:56.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that evolution will fix all of that stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.95,0:05:58.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what if we embraced technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.72,0:06:01.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,embraced the millennial generation's
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.33,0:06:02.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,natural predilections,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.59,0:06:05.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and really think about creating\Nthese online technologies,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.64,0:06:07.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,blend them into their lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.07,0:06:08.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here's what we can do.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.90,0:06:11.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So rather than driving our kids into a classroom,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.39,0:06:13.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,herding them out there at 8 o'clock in the morning --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.96,0:06:16.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I hated going to class at 8 o'clock in the morning,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.72,0:06:18.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so why are we forcing our kids to do that?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.80,0:06:19.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So instead what you do
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.97,0:06:21.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is you have them watch videos
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.99,0:06:23.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and do interactive exercises
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.80,0:06:26.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the comfort of their dorm rooms, in their bedroom,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.49,0:06:28.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the dining room, in the bathroom,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.36,0:06:30.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wherever they're most creative.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.93,0:06:32.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then they come into the classroom
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.93,0:06:36.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for some in-person interaction.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.35,0:06:38.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They can have discussions amongst themselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.19,0:06:39.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They can solve problems together.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.76,0:06:40.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They can work with the professor
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.91,0:06:43.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and have the professor answer their questions.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.90,0:06:47.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, with edX, when we\Nwere teaching our first course
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.77,0:06:50.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on circuits and electronics around the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.19,0:06:52.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this was happening unbeknownst to us.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.57,0:06:54.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two high school teachers
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.11,0:06:57.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the Sant High School in Mongolia
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.79,0:06:59.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had flipped their classroom,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.94,0:07:02.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they were using our video lectures
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.22,0:07:04.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and interactive exercises,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.09,0:07:05.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the learners in the high school,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.70,0:07:07.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,15-year-olds, mind you,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.29,0:07:09.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would go and do these things in their own homes
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.12,0:07:10.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they would come into class,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.47,0:07:12.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as you see from this image here,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.40,0:07:13.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they would interact with each other
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.49,0:07:15.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and do some physical laboratory work.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.83,0:07:17.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the only way we discovered this
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.15,0:07:18.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was they wrote a blog
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.57,0:07:22.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we happened to stumble upon that blog.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.60,0:07:24.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were also doing other pilots.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.70,0:07:27.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we did a pilot experimental blended courses,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.18,0:07:30.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,working with San Jose State University in California,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.16,0:07:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,again, with the circuits and electronics course.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.00,0:07:34.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You'll hear that a lot. That course has become
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.47,0:07:37.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sort of like our petri dish of learning.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.95,0:07:40.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there, the students would, again,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.22,0:07:42.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the instructors flipped the classroom,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.94,0:07:44.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,blended online and in person,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.66,0:07:46.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the results were staggering.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.97,0:07:49.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now don't take these results to the bank just yet.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.61,0:07:52.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just wait a little bit longer as we\Nexperiment with this some more,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.10,0:07:54.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the early results are incredible.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.26,0:07:56.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So traditionally, semester upon semester,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.66,0:07:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the past several years, this course,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.00,0:08:00.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,again, a hard course,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.69,0:08:03.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had a failure rate of about 40 to 41 percent
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.80,0:08:05.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every semester.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.30,0:08:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With this blended class late last year,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.00,0:08:11.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the failure rate fell to nine percent.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.98,0:08:15.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the results can be extremely, extremely good.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.75,0:08:18.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now before we go too far into this,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.97,0:08:21.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd like to spend some time discussing
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.63,0:08:22.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some key ideas.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.78,0:08:23.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What are some key ideas
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.99,0:08:26.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that makes all of this work?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.84,0:08:29.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One idea is active learning.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.07,0:08:31.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The idea here is, rather than have students
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.51,0:08:33.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,walk into class and watch lectures,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.70,0:08:36.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we replace this with what we call lessons.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.74,0:08:38.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lessons are interleaved sequences
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.98,0:08:41.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of videos and interactive exercises.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.66,0:08:44.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So a student might watch a five-, seven-minute video
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.84,0:08:47.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and follow that with an interactive exercise.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.88,0:08:51.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think of this as the ultimate\NSocratization of education.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.03,0:08:53.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You teach by asking questions.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.01,0:08:54.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is a form of learning
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.51,0:08:55.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called active learning,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.79,0:08:59.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and really promoted by a very early paper, in 1972,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.07,0:09:00.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by Craik and Lockhart,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.58,0:09:02.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where they said and discovered
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.11,0:09:04.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that learning and retention really relates strongly
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.49,0:09:06.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the depth of mental processing.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.24,0:09:07.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Students learn much better
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.73,0:09:10.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they are interacting with the material.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.92,0:09:13.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The second idea is self-pacing.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.69,0:09:15.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, when I went to a lecture hall,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.33,0:09:16.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if you were like me,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.62,0:09:18.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the fifth minute I would lose the professor.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.58,0:09:22.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wasn't all that smart, and I would\Nbe scrambling, taking notes,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.16,0:09:25.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then I would lose the lecture\Nfor the rest of the hour.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.36,0:09:27.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead, wouldn't it be nice with online technologies,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.83,0:09:31.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we offer videos and interactive\Nengagements to students?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.69,0:09:33.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They can hit the pause button.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.42,0:09:35.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They can rewind the professor.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.92,0:09:39.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Heck, they can even mute the professor.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.02,0:09:41.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this form of self-pacing
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.07,0:09:43.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can be very helpful to learning.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.69,0:09:47.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The third idea that we have is instant feedback.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.05,0:09:48.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With instant feedback,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.52,0:09:50.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the computer grades exercises.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.38,0:09:52.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, how else do you teach 150,000 students?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.68,0:09:54.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your computer is grading all the exercises.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.97,0:09:56.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we've all submitted homeworks,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.50,0:09:58.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and your grades come back two weeks later,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.54,0:10:00.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you've forgotten all about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.17,0:10:02.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't think I've still received\Nsome of my homeworks
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.24,0:10:03.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from my undergraduate days.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.73,0:10:05.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some are never graded.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.08,0:10:06.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So with instant feedback,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.57,0:10:08.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,students can try to apply answers.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.06,0:10:10.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If they get it wrong, they can get instant feedback.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.47,0:10:12.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They can try it again and try it again,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.12,0:10:14.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this really becomes much more engaging.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.05,0:10:15.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They get the instant feedback,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.63,0:10:18.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this little green check mark that you see here
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.55,0:10:22.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is becoming somewhat of a cult symbol at edX.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.14,0:10:25.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Learners are telling us that they go to bed at night
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.05,0:10:28.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dreaming of the green check mark.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.49,0:10:30.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, one of our learners
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.29,0:10:33.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who took the circuits course early last year,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.07,0:10:35.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he then went on to take a software course
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.01,0:10:37.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from Berkeley at the end of the year,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.31,0:10:39.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is what the learner had to say
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.45,0:10:40.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on our discussion board
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.72,0:10:42.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when he just started that course
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.25,0:10:44.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the green check mark:
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.77,0:10:46.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Oh god; have I missed you."
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.83,0:10:49.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When's the last time you've seen students
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.53,0:10:53.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,posting comments like this about homework?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.99,0:10:56.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My colleague Ed Bertschinger,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.38,0:10:58.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who heads up the physics department at MIT,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.55,0:11:01.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has this to say about instant feedback:
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.40,0:11:04.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He indicated that instant feedback
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.40,0:11:10.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,turns teaching moments into learning outcomes.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.17,0:11:12.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The next big idea is gamification.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.47,0:11:14.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, all learners engage really well
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.37,0:11:15.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with interactive videos and so on.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.88,0:11:17.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, they would sit down and shoot
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.14,0:11:19.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,alien spaceships all day long until they get it.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.48,0:11:22.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we applied these gamification\Ntechniques to learning,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.27,0:11:24.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we can build these online laboratories.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.50,0:11:26.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do you teach creativity?\NHow do you teach design?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.75,0:11:28.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can do this through online labs
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.42,0:11:29.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and use computing power
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.70,0:11:31.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to build these online labs.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.29,0:11:33.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So as this little video shows here,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.68,0:11:35.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can engage students
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.14,0:11:36.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,much like they design with Legos.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.75,0:11:38.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here, the learners are building a circuit
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.66,0:11:40.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with Lego-like ease.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.56,0:11:44.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this can also be graded by the computer.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.65,0:11:47.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fifth is peer learning.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.58,0:11:50.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here, we use discussion forums and discussions
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.42,0:11:52.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Facebook-like interaction
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.52,0:11:54.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not as a distraction,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.38,0:11:57.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but to really help students learn.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.23,0:11:58.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me tell you a story.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.94,0:12:02.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we did our circuits course
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.17,0:12:04.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the 155,000 students,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.04,0:12:05.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I didn't sleep for three nights
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.70,0:12:07.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leading up to the launch of the course.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.59,0:12:10.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I told my TAs, okay, 24/7,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.15,0:12:11.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're going to be up
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.41,0:12:13.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,monitoring the forum, answering questions.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.29,0:12:15.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They had answered questions for 100 students.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.26,0:12:18.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do you do that for 150,000?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.12,0:12:20.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So one night I'm sitting up there, at 2 a.m. at night,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.46,0:12:21.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I think there's this question
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.68,0:12:23.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from a student from Pakistan,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.65,0:12:24.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he asked a question, and I said,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.98,0:12:26.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,okay, let me go and type up an answer,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.43,0:12:28.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't type all that fast,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.04,0:12:29.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I begin typing up the answer,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.60,0:12:31.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and before I can finish,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.30,0:12:33.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,another student from Egypt\Npopped in with an answer,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.97,0:12:35.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not quite right, so I'm fixing the answer,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.89,0:12:37.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and before I can finish, a student from the U.S.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.86,0:12:39.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had popped in with a different answer.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.47,0:12:42.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then I sat back, fascinated.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.27,0:12:44.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Boom, boom, boom, boom, the students were
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.22,0:12:46.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,discussing and interacting with each other,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.17,0:12:48.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and by 4 a.m. that night, I'm totally fascinated,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.68,0:12:50.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,having this epiphany,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.15,0:12:51.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and by 4 a.m. in the morning,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.41,0:12:53.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they had discovered the right answer.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.16,0:12:54.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And all I had to do was go and bless it,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.89,0:12:56.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Good answer."
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.85,0:12:59.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is absolutely amazing,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.21,0:13:01.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where students are learning from each other,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.02,0:13:03.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're telling us that they are learning
Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.83,0:13:06.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by teaching.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.13,0:13:08.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now this is all not just in the future.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.11,0:13:09.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is happening today.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.86,0:13:12.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we are applying these blended learning pilots
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.18,0:13:14.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a number of universities and \Nhigh schools around the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.92,0:13:16.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from Tsinghua in China
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.71,0:13:19.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the National University of Mongolia in Mongolia
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.14,0:13:20.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to Berkeley in California --
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.75,0:13:22.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all over the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.11,0:13:24.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these kinds of technologies really help,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.13,0:13:25.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the blended model can really help
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.68,0:13:27.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,revolutionize education.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.78,0:13:31.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It can also solve a practical problem of MOOCs,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.19,0:13:32.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the business aspect.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.87,0:13:35.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can also license these MOOC courses
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.19,0:13:36.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to other universities,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.92,0:13:39.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and therein lies a revenue model for MOOCs,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.49,0:13:41.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the university that\Nlicenses it with the professor
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.88,0:13:43.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can use these online courses
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.72,0:13:45.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like the next-generation textbook.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.92,0:13:48.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They can use as much or as little as they like,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.37,0:13:53.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it becomes a tool in the teacher's arsenal.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.86,0:13:55.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Finally, I would like to have you
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.91,0:13:58.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dream with me for a little bit.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.75,0:14:02.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would like us to really reimagine education.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.92,0:14:07.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We will have to move from lecture halls to e-spaces.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:07.04,0:14:09.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to move from books to tablets
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.72,0:14:11.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like the Aakash in India
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.54,0:14:13.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the Raspberry Pi, 20 dollars.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:13.89,0:14:15.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Aakash is 40 dollars.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:15.90,0:14:18.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to move from\Nbricks-and-mortar school buildings
Dialogue: 0,0:14:18.81,0:14:21.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to digital dormitories.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.43,0:14:22.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I think at the end of the day,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.88,0:14:25.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think we will still need one lecture hall
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.12,0:14:27.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in our universities.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:27.68,0:14:30.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Otherwise, how else do we tell our grandchildren
Dialogue: 0,0:14:30.51,0:14:33.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that your grandparents sat in that room
Dialogue: 0,0:14:33.90,0:14:37.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in neat little rows like cornstalks
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.13,0:14:39.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and watched this professor at the end
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.68,0:14:42.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,talk about content and, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.33,0:14:44.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you didn't even have a rewind button?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:44.98,0:14:47.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.20,0:14:49.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:14:49.19,0:14:55.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you. Thank you. (Applause)