[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.100,0:00:09.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many elements of traditional Japanese culture,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.49,0:00:10.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as cuisine
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.49,0:00:11.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and martial arts,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.55,0:00:13.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are well-known throughout the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.59,0:00:16.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kabuki, a form of classical theater performance,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.41,0:00:18.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,may not be as well understood in the West
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.80,0:00:20.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but has evolved over 400 years
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.75,0:00:24.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to still maintain influence and popularity to this day.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.74,0:00:26.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The word Kabuki is derived
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.19,0:00:28.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the Japanese verb kabuku,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.36,0:00:30.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,meaning out of the ordinary or bizarre.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.96,0:00:34.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Its history began in early 17th century Kyoto,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.34,0:00:37.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where a shrine maiden named Izumo no Okuni
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.24,0:00:40.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would use the city's dry Kamo Riverbed as a stage
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.54,0:00:43.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to perform unusual dances for passerby,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.47,0:00:45.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who found her daring parodies of Buddhist prayers
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.87,0:00:48.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both entertaining and mesmerizing.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.41,0:00:50.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Soon other troops began performing
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.22,0:00:51.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the same style,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.54,0:00:53.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Kabuki made history
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.09,0:00:55.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as Japan's first dramatic performance form
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.55,0:00:57.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,catering to the common people.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.50,0:00:59.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By relying on makeup, or keshou,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.83,0:01:02.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and facial expressions instead of masks
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.30,0:01:04.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and focusing on historical events
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.38,0:01:06.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and everyday life rather than folk tales,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.74,0:01:08.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kabuki set itself apart
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.21,0:01:10.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the upper-class dance theater form
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.27,0:01:11.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,known as Noh
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.55,0:01:14.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and provided a unique commentary on society
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.13,0:01:16.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,during the Edo period.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.11,0:01:18.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At first, the dance was practiced only by females
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.96,0:01:22.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and commonly referred to as Onna-Kabuki.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.02,0:01:24.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It soon evolved to an ensemble performance
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.63,0:01:27.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and became a regular attraction at tea houses,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.05,0:01:29.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,drawing audiences from all social classes.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.74,0:01:32.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At this point, Onna-Kabuki was often risque
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.83,0:01:35.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as geishas performed not only to show off
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.29,0:01:36.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their singing and dancing abilities
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.96,0:01:40.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also to advertise their bodies to potential clients.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.38,0:01:43.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A ban by the conservative Tokugawa shogunate
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.46,0:01:44.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in 1629
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.88,0:01:47.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,led to the emergence of Wakashu-Kabuki
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.66,0:01:49.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with young boys as actors.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.66,0:01:52.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when this was also banned for similar reasons,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.53,0:01:55.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was a transition to Yaro-Kabuki,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.12,0:01:56.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,performed by men,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.13,0:01:58.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,necessitating elaborate costumes and makeup
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.58,0:02:00.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for those playing female roles,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.55,0:02:01.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or onnagata.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.84,0:02:03.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Attempts by the government to control Kabuki
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.88,0:02:05.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,didn't end with bans on the gender
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.75,0:02:07.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or age of performers.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.60,0:02:09.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Tokugawa military group,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.38,0:02:10.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or Bakufu,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.60,0:02:12.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was fueled by Confucian ideals
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.55,0:02:14.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and often enacted sanctions
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.10,0:02:15.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on costume fabrics,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.44,0:02:16.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stage weaponry,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.52,0:02:18.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the subject matter of the plot.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.60,0:02:19.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the same time,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.55,0:02:21.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kabuki became closely associated with
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.52,0:02:23.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and influenced by Bunraku,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.55,0:02:26.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an elaborate form of puppet theater.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.17,0:02:27.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Due to these influences,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.71,0:02:29.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the once spontaneous, one-act dance
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.96,0:02:33.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,evolved into a structured, five-act play
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.12,0:02:36.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,often based on the tenets of Confucian philosophy.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.91,0:02:40.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before 1868, when the Tokugawa shogunate fell
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.65,0:02:42.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Emperor Meiji was restored to power,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.80,0:02:45.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Japan had practiced isolation from other countries,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.67,0:02:46.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or Sakoku.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.92,0:02:48.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And thus, the development of Kabuki
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.51,0:02:51.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had mostly been shaped by domestic influences.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.50,0:02:53.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But even before this period,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.16,0:02:55.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,European artists, such as Claude Monet,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.72,0:02:57.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had become interested in
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.15,0:02:58.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and inspired by Japanese art,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.83,0:03:00.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as woodblock prints,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.64,0:03:02.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as well as live performance.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.38,0:03:05.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After 1868, others such as Vincent van Gogh
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.50,0:03:07.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and composer Claude Debussy
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.57,0:03:10.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,began to incorporate Kabuki influences in their work,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.51,0:03:12.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while Kabuki itself underwent
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.05,0:03:13.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,much change and experimentation
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.94,0:03:16.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to adapt to the new modern era.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.16,0:03:17.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like other traditional art forms,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.89,0:03:19.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kabuki suffered in popularity
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.62,0:03:21.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the wake of World War II.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.41,0:03:22.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But innovation by artists
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.82,0:03:25.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as director Tetsuji Takechi
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.08,0:03:27.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,led to a resurgence shortly after.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.87,0:03:29.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Indeed, Kabuki was even considered
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.76,0:03:31.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a popular form of entertainment
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.33,0:03:33.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,amongst American troops stationed in Japan
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.73,0:03:35.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,despite initial U.S. censorship
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.77,0:03:37.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Japanese traditions.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.56,0:03:39.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, Kabuki still lives on
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.08,0:03:42.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as an integral part of Japan's rich cultural heritage,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.33,0:03:44.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,extending its influence beyond the stage
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.50,0:03:45.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to television,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.32,0:03:45.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,film,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.88,0:03:46.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and anime.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.96,0:03:49.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The art form pioneered by Okuni
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.13,0:03:50.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,continues to delight audiences
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.84,0:03:52.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the actors' elaborate makeup,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.59,0:03:55.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,extravagant and delicately embroidered costumes,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.60,0:03:57.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the unmistakable melodrama
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.86,0:03:59.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the stories told on stage.