1 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 mark the Yankees win of the first game of the series. For those of you that are new to the event, let 2 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 me tell you a little about the Presidential Lecture Series. We started this series in the year 2001 3 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 and the purpose is to showcase the tremendous talent of the faculty of the City University of New York. And the formula is very simple. 4 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 In the fall semester, we invite one of the distinguished professors of the City University of New York 5 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 or some National figure that has something to do with the City University of New York. We invite one 6 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 of our own to be the Presidential Lecutre speaker. We have a committee of faculty that is composed of 7 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Dr. Sheena Gallaspy, Dr. Peter Gray, Dr. Cathrburl, and Dr. Sasan Kurimi. If they are here please stand 8 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 up so we can recognize you. These are the individuals that bear the brunt of the consequences of asking 9 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 the wrong speaker to come and speak to you. But they haven't missed yet. And frankly i think that today 10 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 we have one of the most popular, the first time that we have a television star among our midst, and the 11 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 frist time, maybe not the first, but the first time we have one of the recognized 100 brightest people 12 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 in New York City by New York Magazine. This is professor Kaku who is distinguished professor at City 13 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 College and he is a theoretical physicist and the Henry Samat Professor at the City College of New York a 14 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 nd the Graduate Center of the City University of New York. He has taught for over 30 years, and he is 15 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 a graduate of community college of Harvard, (joke) and now he's at Queensborough and he has earned his 16 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 doctorate in Physics from the University of California, Berkley. He is one of the founders of the string 17 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 filled theory. Now you know about string theory, maybe some of you may know some about it, but i know 18 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 that all of you know about Star Trek and Beat Me Up Scotty, and all of you know about energy fields so 19 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 you all know a little about string theory. I really personally believe that Dr. Kaku is a contendor and 20 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 eventually will be a winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics because of his work and i hope that that happens. 21 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 We are going to have the pleasure of seeing him today, but if you want to see him on television on December 1st. 22 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 He starts a new series on the Sci-Fi channel and i hope that you all see it. I was very interested in 23 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 looking over the book "Physics of the Impossible" because it addresses Science Fiction technology will 24 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 be something real in the future, and we can think about the possibilites, think about somebody in the 25 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 year 1901 thinking about going from New York to Europe in five hours. Think about the impact of technology. 26 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 And i am certain he is going to talk about all that. But use a little extrapolation and look at what 27 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 can happen in the future, and then look a little bit to the Star Treks of the world and see how somebody 28 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 imagined what can happen in the future. But thats all in our imagination, lets talk to an expert, lets 29 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 talk to someone who knows the theory behind all that technology. Please, please help me welcome Dr. Kaku. 30 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Thank you very much, after such a great introduction i cant wait to meet the speaker myself. Let me a 31 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 lso say i have an admission to make. I have to confess that New York Magazine voted me as one of the 32 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 100 smartest people in New York, however in all fairness i have to say that Madona also made that list, 33 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 so how accurate could that list be. Now today i'm going to talk about the future, 20, 30 40 years in 34 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 to the future. I have had the privelege to interview 300 of the worlds top scientists. Now i'm a physicist, 35 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 we're the ones that invented the laser, the transistor, we created the electronic computer, we created 36 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 television, radio, microwaves, MRI, we created the internet, we wrote the world wide web. Now whenever 37 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 we create something, we predict how our creation is going to preliforate through society. When we helped 38 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 to invent the internet, one physicist made a prediction. He said that the itnernet will become a forum 39 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 of high culture, high art, and high society. Well today we know that 5% of the internet is pornography. 40 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 But thats because teenage boys log onto the internet, not anyone here. And just wait til the grandmas 41 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 and grandpas log onto the internet. Then 50% of the internet will be pornography. Let me also say that 42 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 when i was just a little younger than you guys, i was fascinated by physics. For me physics was the way 43 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 to go. So when i was in highschool i went up to my mom and i said "Mom can i have permission to build 44 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 an atom smasher in the garage." A 2.3 million electron volt electron particle exelerator. And my mom 45 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 looked at me and said "Sure, why not. Don't forget to take out the garbage." So i took out the garbage 46 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 and i went to Westinghouse and i got 400 pounds of transformer steel, 22 miles of copper wire, and i 47 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 built a 2.3 million electron volt electron exelerator in my garage. The magnetic field was 10,000 gauss. 48 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 If you want, buy the magnets. It was powerful enough to pull the fillings out of your teeth if you got 49 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 too close to my magnets. Finally it was ready. I plugged it into the wall socket. It consumed 6 kilowatts 50 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 of raw electrical power. I could hear the crackling of all the capacitors and then i heard this "pop 51 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 pop pop sound and the whole house was filled with darkness. 52 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 I had blown out every single fuse in the house. My poor mom, you know she came home from a hard days 53 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 work, the lights would flicker and die. Then she's say "Where's the fuse box?" and then she'd say "Why 54 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 couldn't i have a son that plays baseball? Maybe if i buy him a basketball. For God's sake, why does he have to build these machines in the garage. 55 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 And hey, why can't he find a nice Japanese girlfriend." Why does he have to build these machines in the 56 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 garage? Well that machine got me into Harvard where i began my career as a physicist. So today, i'm going 57 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 to give you a guided tour of the future, however, there is a danger that sometimes we physicists know 58 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 to much. Let me tell you a story and then i'll begin. Over 200 years ago we had the great French Revolution, 59 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 and one day there were 3 gentlemen about to lose their heads to the guillotine. There was a priest, a 60 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 lawyer, and a theoretical physicist just like me about to have our heads cut off. Well they put the priests 61 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 head on the chopping block and they asked him, do you have any last words before we cut your priestly 62 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 head off? And the priest said yes, yes. He said "God, God from above, he shall certainly set me free." 63 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Well all eyes were on the blade. They raised the blade. The blade came down (swish) and it stopped right 64 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 before it hit the neck of the priest. Well the mob had never seen this before, they were shocked, They 65 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 said God has spoken, let the priest go. Now lets see about the lawyer. Now the blood lust was starting, 66 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 yes the lawyer. They put the lawyers head on the chopping block and they asked him, do you have any last 67 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 words before we cut your lawyerly head off and he said yes. Maybe the spirit of justice, justice and 68 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 mercy shall set me free. So they raised the blade, and it came down like (swish) and it stopped right 69 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 before the neck of the lawyer. Well this time the crowd went crazy. They said, let there be a national 70 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 holiday, today God has spoken, justice and mercy have spoken today, and now lets see about that theoretical 71 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 physicist. Well they put the physicist head on the chopping block and they asked him if he had any last 72 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 words before we cut your head off and he said Yeah, yeah, i got some last words. He said you know, i 73 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 dont know too much about God, and i know less about the law. But i do know one thing. If you look up 74 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 you'll see that the rope is stuck on the pulley. And then he said, if you remove the rope, the blade 75 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 should come down real good. Big mistake, big mistake. Well the rope came down, the blade came down, and t 76 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 hen the poor physicist head came down. And well the moral of the story is sometimes we physicists have t 77 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 o know when to keep our mouth shut. For nontheless. Let me give you a guided tour through the future 78 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 because ive had a chance to interview over 300 of the worlds top scientists. These are the people inventing 79 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 the future. First of all let me say that if you get cable television, you get the science channel. On 80 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 the science channel starting December 1st, as it was mentioned, my book "Physics of the Impossible" is 81 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 going to be appearing as a weekly TV series that i am going to be hosting. Watch for it December first 82 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 and every week after that. They call it Sci-Fi Science: Science of the Impossible. So let's talk about t 83 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 hat. First of all, how do we scientists know what's going to happen 10, 20 years in the future. How can 84 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 we be so confident. Well first of all this is Moore's Law. On a log chart you can see that computer power 85 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 doubles every 18 months. Now, what does that mean? This means that when you get a birthday card in the 86 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 mail, you open it up and there's a chip in it. And the chip sings "Happy birthday to you." Well that 87 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 chip contains more computer power than all the allied forces of 1945. Hitler, Eisenhower, Churchill would 88 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 have killed to get that chip. Now what do you do with that chip? You throw it away in the garbage. Or 89 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 look at this chart, you'll see that way back in the 1960's, NASA had almost no computer power. Your c 90 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 cell phone today, one cell phone today, has more computer power according to this chart than all of NASA's when they put two men on the moon. 91 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 This means that if car's obeyed Moore's law, cars today would cost 10 cents. This means that when you 92 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 park the car, you wouldn't even bother to put a quarter in the meter. The meter cost more than the car. 93 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 So you would just park the car and walk away from it. So what does this mean? This means that by 2020 94 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 computer chips will cost about a penny. That is the cost of scrap paper. So we now know the future of 95 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 the computer. The future of the computer will be everywhere and nowhere. Hidden in the walls, hidden 96 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 in the fabric of our life, just like electricity is. It is everywhere and nowhere. And this is the internet. 97 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 We wrote the world wide web. The world wide web was written by a physicist to keep track of subatomic 98 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 particles. And you can see here that the internet corresponds with prosperity. Where there is the internet, there 99 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 is prosperity, there is commerce, science, finance. Where there is no internet, there is poverty. So 100 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 one thing that we physicists do is we create something and then we simply give it away for free. So how 101 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 will you communicate with the internet in the future? These are glasses that contain full internet capability. 102 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 You can download any website, any movie, do e-mails from these things and they will also recognize people's 103 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 faces. How many times have you bumped into somebody on the street and you say to yourself "Who is this 104 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 person? Jim, John, Jake, i know i know this person." In the future your glasses will say, "It's Jim stupid, 105 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 remember? You met him last week. Do you want to see his entire biography for you in your glasses?" and 106 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 lets say you're at a cocktail party, and you're looking for a job and you don't know who the heavy hitters 107 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 are. In the future you will know exactly who to suck up to at any cocktail party. Well let's say you 108 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 don't want to look like a refuge from Star Trek. In the future, glasses will be fashionable with full 109 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 internet capability. They can be flashed directly into the retina of your eye, they could be flashed 110 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 right onto the screen of your glasses, or used as an attachment to your glasses. Fashion models will 111 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 be wearing these things, young people will demand to have full internet capability. Any video, any movie, 112 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 any website, and music downloaded via your glasses. And you say to yourself "Wait a minute, maybe i don't 113 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 wear glasses." No problem, in the future they'll be in your contact lenses. These are internet contact 114 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 lenses that we physicists are trying to build. Imagine trying to take a final examination. HAH! Immediately 115 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 the lightbulbs begin to flash, right? Think of taking a final examination. You realize that in the future 116 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 professors are going to have to throw out their final exam, because you can't simply record memorization 117 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 on a final exam anymore. You'll have to convey concepts, principles, rather than memorizing the names 118 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 of the crystals or the shapes of the minerals or whatever. Imagine full internet capability in your glasses. 119 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Well we pysicists are working on this even as we speak. Imagine for example, going to a foreign country. 120 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 You bump into somebody and they start to talk to you in a foreign language. No problem. In the future 121 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 you will see subtitles of a foreign language in your contact lense. And let's say you visit the ruins 122 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 of Rome. It's such a big disappointment, you read about the Great Roman empire but then you see what's 123 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 left. Almost nothing left of the empire. You go to the Roman Forum and you only use imagination thinking 124 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 of Julius Caesar and Mark Antony at the Roman Forum. No problem, your contact lense will recreate the 125 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 full animation of the height of the Roman Empire as you walk through the ruins. This is called augmented 126 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 reality. Not virtual reality. A mixture of reality with animation, with subtitles, with translations. 127 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Let's say you're driving a car. Your contact lense will give you how fast you're moving, how much gas 128 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 you have, and even point out land marks as you're driving. GPS, all of that without ever having to leave 129 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 the steering wheel of your car. This is what happens with Moore's law. The computer chip will cost a 130 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 penny, like electricity, they'll be everywhere, and nowhere. When you walk into a room today, what do 131 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 you do. You look for the light switch right? The first thing you do is look for the light switch. You 132 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 assume the walls have electricity, even though it's invisible. In the future when you walk into the room, 133 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 the first thing you're going to do is look for the internet portal. You will assume the room is intelligent. 134 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 So this is your cell phone of the future. This is how you will communicate with others. One screen for 135 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 any video, one screen for any website, one screen for any movie that's ever been done. You will access 136 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 the entire database of the planet, almost for free. Let's say you have a Blackberry. You know how tiny 137 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 that Blackberry's keyboard is. Well in the future we'll have E-Paper. You'll simply scroll out paper 138 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 which is intelligent. And you'll type on that sheet of paper. So your cell phone is an entire PC. In fact 139 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 it has more power than a super computer of today. In fact, wall paper will be so cheap, that when you 140 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 put up wall paper it will be intelligent. Wall paper will be as intelligent as your computer today. This 141 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 is your living room of the future. This is how you will communicate with people. Let's say you're on 142 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 a college campus.And let's say it's Friday night, and you do not have a date. We all know what you do, 143 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 you get stone drunk. In the future, you go up to the wall screen and you say "Mirror, mirror on the wall, 144 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 who's available tonight?" the wall screen will then contact all the other wall screens out there. The 145 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 wall screen will say exactly the kind of person you're like, visual characteristics, age, whatever and 146 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 hook you up to whoever else is looking at their magic mirror and saying "Mirror, mirror on the wall." 147 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Then you'll go out and have some fun, come back to your apartment, and then you want to see a movie. 148 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 the future. First of all let me say that if you get cable television, you get the science channel. On 149 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 the science channel starting December 1st as it was mentioned my book physics of the impossible is going 150 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 to be appearing as a weekly tv series that I will be hosting. Watch for it December 1st and every week 151 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 after that. They call is Sci-Fi Science: Physics of the Impossible. So let's talk about that. First of 152 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 all how do we scientists know what is going to happen 10, 20 years in the future. What's going to happen. 153 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 How can we be so confident. Well first of all this is Moore's Law. On a log chart you see that computer 154 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 powers every 18 months. Now what does that mean? This means that when you get a birthday card in the 155 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 mail, you open it up and there's a chip in it. And the chip sings "happy birthday to you" and that chip 156 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 has more computer power than all the allied forces of 1945. Hitler, Eisenhower, Church would have killed 157 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 to get that chip. Now what do you do with that chip? 158 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 You throw it away in the garbage. Or look at this chart, you'll see that way back in the 1960's NASA 159 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 had almost no computer power. Your cell phone today, one cell phone today has more computer power according t 160 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 to this chart than all of NASA when they put 2 men on the moon. Now this means that if cars obeyed Moore's 161 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 law, cars today would cost 10 cents. This means that when you parked the car, you wouldn't even bother to put a quarter in the meter because the meter costs more than the car. 162 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 So you would just park the car and move away from it. So what does this mean? This means that by 2020, 163 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 computer chips will cost about a penny. That is the cost of scrap paper. So we now know the future of 164 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 the computer. The future of the computer will be everywhere and nowhere. Hidden in the walls, hidden 165 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 in the fabric of our life. Just like electricity is, everywhere and nowhere. And this is the internet. 166 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 We wrote the world wide web, the world wide web was written by a physicist to keep track of subatomic 167 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 particles. And you can see here that the internet corresponds with prosperity. Where there is the internet, 168 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 there is prosperity, commerce, science, finance. Where there is no internet, there is poverty. So one t 169 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 thing that we physicists do is that we create something, and then we simply give it away for free. So 170 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 how will you communicate with the internet in the future. These are glasses that have full internet capability. 171 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 You can download any website, any movie, do e-mails from these things. And will also recognize faces. 172 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 How many times have you bumped into somebody on the street, and you say to yourself "who is this person? 173 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Jim, John, Jake, no i know this person!" In the future, your glasses will say, "It's Jim stupid. Remember. 174 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 You met him last week. Do you want to see his entire biography for you in your glasses?" And let's say 175 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 you're at a cocktail party, you're looking for a job and you don't know who the heavy hitters are. In t 176 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 he future, you will know exactly who to suck up to at a cocktail party. Well let's say you don't want 177 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 to look like a refugee from Star Trek. In the future, glasses will be fashionable. With full internet 178 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 capability. They can be flashed directly into the retina of your eye, they can be flashed right onto t 179 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 he screen of your glasses, or used like a jewelers lens as an attachment to your glasses. Fashion models 180 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 will be wearing these things, young people will demand to have full internet capability, any video, any 181 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 movie, any website, any music downloaded via your glasses. Now you say to yourself, wait a minute, maybe i don't wear glasses. 182 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 No problem, in the future, they will be in your contact lenses. These are internet contact lenses that 183 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 we physicists are trying to build. Imagine taking a final examination. HAH! Immediately the light bulbs 184 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 begin to flash, right? Think of taking a final examination, you realize that in the future professors 185 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 are going to have to throw out their final exam because you can't simply record memorization on a final 186 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 exam anymore. You'll have to covey concepts, principles, rather than memorizing the names of the crystals 187 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 or the shapes of the minerals or whatever. Imagine full internet capability in your glasses. Well we 188 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 physicists are working on this even as we speak. Imagine, for example, going to a foreign country. You 189 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 bump into someone and they start to talk to you in a foreign language. In the future you will see subtitles. 190 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Subtitles of a foreign language in your contact lens. And lets say you visit the ruins of Rome. It;s 191 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 such a big disappointment. You read about the great Roman Empire, and then you see all that's left. Almost 192 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 nothing left of the empire. You go to the Roman Forum and you only use imagination thinking of Julius 193 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Caesar and Mark Antony, no problem. Your contact lens will recreate the full animation of the height 194 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 of the Roman Empire as you walk through the ruins. This is called augmented reality, not virtual reality. 195 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 A mixture of reality with animation, with subtitles, with translations. Let's say you're driving a car, 196 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 your contact lens will give you exactly how fast you're moving, how much gas you have, and will even 197 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 point out land marks as you're driving. GPS, all of that without having to leave the steering wheel of 198 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 your car. This is what happens with Moore's Law. A computer chip will cost a penny, like electricity, 199 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 they'll be everywhere, and nowhere. When you walk into a room today, what do you do? You look for the 200 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 light switch, right? The first thing you do is look for the light switch. You assume the walls have electricity, 201 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 even though it's invisible. In the future, when you walk into the room, the first thing you will do is 202 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 look for the internet portal. You will assume the room is intelligent. So this is your cell phone of 203 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 the future. This is how you will communicate with others. One screen for any video, one screen for any 204 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 website, one screen for any movie that's ever been done. You'll access the entire database of the planet 205 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 almost for free. And let's say you have a blackberry. You know how tiny that blackberry's keypad is. 206 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Well, in the future, we'll have E-Paper. You'll simply scroll out paper which is intelligent and you'll 207 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 type on that piece of paper. So your cell phone is an entire PC. In fact, it has more power than a super 208 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 computer of today. In fact, wall paper will be so cheap, that when you put up wall paper, it'll be intelligent. 209 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Wall paper will be as intelligent as your computer today. This is your living room of the future. This 210 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 is how you will communicate with people. Let's say you're on a college campus, and let's say it's friday 211 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 night and you do not have a date. We all know what you do, you get stone drunk. In the future, you go 212 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 up to the wall screen and you'll say "mirror mirror on the wall, who's available tonight. The wall screen will 213 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 then contact all the other wall screens out there. The wall screen will say exactly the kind of person 214 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 you're like, physical characteristics, age, whatever and hook you up with whoever else is looking at 215 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 their magic mirror and saying "mirror mirror on the wall." Then you'll go out and have some fun, and 216 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 come back to your apartment, and then you want to see a movie. So you'll say to the wall screen "mirror 217 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 mirror on the wall, we want to see Casa Blanca except remove Humphrey Bogart's face and put my face instead. And remove Ingrid Bergman's face and put my date's face instead. 218 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Now some people are a little bit afraid of this, but realize that when the internet was first created 219 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 by we physicists, it was male, it was hierarchical, it was to dominate over the Soviet Union. Why did 220 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 the Pentagon give us millions of dollars to create the internet? It wasn't so that you could e-mail your 221 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 friends. That's not why we physicists invented the internet, it was created to dominate a nuclear war 222 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 with Russia so we can communicate and rebuild America after New York City is in ruins, Los Angeles, 223 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Chicago are vaporized, that's how we're going to recreate America after World War 3. Today, the internet 224 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 is female. 51% of the users of the internet are women and they use it to touch people. That's what it's 225 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 all about. Technology looks frightening when you don't know it. But then you realize the whole purpose 226 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 of the technology is to be female, to touch people, make contact with people. So the internet has flipped 227 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 from being a war fighting device to being a device that allows you to communicate to all your friends. 228 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 That dog for example, on the left, doesn't really exist. It babysits your kids, runs, barks. That dog 229 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 does everything except pee on your carpet. Let's say it's thanksgiving time and you're lonely because 230 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 one son is in Australia, another one is in Russia, another one's on the South Pole. No problem, you all 231 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 gather around your wall screens, you'll put on your contact lenses, and you will see everybody sitting 232 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 around the dinner table as you carve up the turkey in cyber space. Also, we're putting chips everywhere. 233 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Chips are going into toys now, toys are becoming intelligent. This is causing a problem for the English 234 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 language. Contradiction in terms called Smart Barbie Dolls. Another contradiction in terms is Microsoft 235 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Works. That is also a contradiction in terms. So again, any technology looks frightening when you first s 236 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 ee it and then you realize "Hey, the whole purpose of this technology is to touch someone, to reach out 237 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 and to touch people." This is your office of the future. Today of course your office is built around 238 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 the PC, but why should that be? The PC of the future will disappear. The future of the computer is to 239 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 disappear. Electricity has disappeared. We no longer see electricity. Intelligence will also disappear 240 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 into the fabric of our lives. These are scrap computers. This is your office of the future. You will 241 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 scribble on a sheet that has full word processing capability, paint capability, and then you'll throw 242 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 it away. And as you go from room to room, your files move with you. Your files are more important than 243 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 the computer. The computer only costs a few pennies after all. In fact, when you go shopping, today you 244 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 have a barcode whenever you buy something, In the future, instead of having a barcode, you'll have a 245 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 chip. The chip will cost less than the barcode of the future. And this is how you will move from office 246 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 to car, car to home, home to office. A software follows you seamlessly everywhere you go. This is your 247 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 cubicle of the future. This is how you will operate. And like i said if you don't like to be in a cubicle, 248 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 you can just talk to the wallpaper, the wallpaper is fully intelligent with a screen, what have you. 249 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 This is the car of the future. I had a chance to drive this car. This car has no driver. It is a driverless 250 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 car. These cars have now driven hundreds of miles in the mojave desert without a driver. GPS is the secret 251 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 to allow this car to drive. And for the Discovery channel they put me in the drivers seat, i started 252 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 to drive the car, and then i went like this. Try to drive like this some time. This means that traffic 253 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 accidents could disappear from the English language. Traffic jams, traffic accidents could disappear 254 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 as the cars literally drive themselves. And lets talk about health. Health is going to be turned upside 255 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 down. First of all, when you go to the doctor, your doctor will be in your toilet. You'll go to the doctor 256 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 3 times a day.The doctor will analyze your body fluids and it will tell you that you eat too much. Too 257 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 much animal fat, too much salt, so much sugar in your diet. Isn't the future wonderful? Even the toilet 258 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 will tell you that you have an unhealthy diet. Well ladies and gentlemen, this could be the cure for 259 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 cancer. Because today if you feel something in your breasts, it is too late. It's really too late. You 260 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 have 10 billion cancer cells growing inside your breast, surgery is required almost immediately. In the 261 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 future, when you go to the toilet, your toilet will analyze proteins, proteins emitted from cancer colonies of maybe a hundred cancer cells. Not ten billion, but a hundred. 262 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 And tell you, oh by the way, you'll have breast cancer in 10 years. Watch out, but no rush. And there'll 263 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 be chips scattered through your bathroom which will analyze DNA. How do i know this? Because my friends 264 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 are building these chips. They're called DNA chips. Chips that allow you to scan DNA within a matter 265 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 of minutes. So even as you're going to the bathroom, combing your hair, what have you, your bathroom 266 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 is giving you a complete medical examination. And we now know that DNA is computer tape, instead of "zeros 267 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 and ones", "zeros and ones", "zeros and ones", we have "A, T, C, G", "A, T, C, G." And we can read computer 268 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 tape just like we read DNA. So how will we do it? Every time you blow on a glass, you blow on a glass 269 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 you leave DNA there, it will sample the DNA and scan for all of your genes. I had my genome scanned, m 270 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 ost of my genes have been scanned, put on a CD rom, which i then showed to the camera. Realize that you 271 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 will have this very soon. To have all your genes read today cost 50,000 dollars. Within a few years, 272 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 it'll be down to 1,000 dollars, and perhaps in 10 years it'll be 100 bucks. This is your owner's manual. 273 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 In your home you have an owner's manual for your VCR, your iPod, your computer, your TV set. You have 274 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 an owners manual for everything, except one thing, your body. This will be your owner's manual. In fact, 275 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 when they scanned my DNA, they even told me where my ancestors came from 20,000 years ago. So i now know 276 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 my family lineage up to 20,000 years. So what will it be like to go to the doctors office? We will not o 277 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 nly scan your DNA, if we find something wrong with an organ, we will replace it and grow another one. 278 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 This is an ear, except it's made out of plastic. Plastic sponge that dissolves with time. We take some 279 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 cells from your ears, seed it into this ear, and it grows. It grows leaving a perfect ear. Then the plastic 280 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 dissolves with time, because it is biodegradable. Here is bone on the left, ears on the right. Today 281 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 we can grow bone, blood, skin, cartilage, we can grow noses, ears, blood vessels, heart valves. The first 282 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 bladder was grown three years ago. The first wind pipe was grown a few months ago. And we will grow the 283 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 first liver, perhaps in five more years. So for you alcoholics in the audience, there is hope. If you 284 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 can hold on for five more years, you may be able to have your own liver. So let's now have the first 285 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 DVD where we're now going to go into the hospital of the future. What it will be like if we can grow 286 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 organs by seeding it with cells. What it will be like if surgery is done in three dimension. So let's 287 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 have the first video from the discovery channel, a program that i hosted called "2057." 50 years from 288 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 now. So as computer power doubles every 18 months, it means that every aspect of our life, finance, commerce, 289 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 health, is going to be turned upside down as we begin to realize that computer power can enrich our lives. 290 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 This is the world's first bladder. A human bladder that was grown from a young girls own cells that was 291 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 implanted into that young woman. That was 3 years ago. A development at Wakeforest University where 292 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 we taped, changed history. And within 5 years, we hope to have the first pancreas, liver, perhaps even t 293 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 he first kidney. These are the frontier organs that are now being looked at to be grown in the laboratory. 294 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 The first windpipe was grown just 3 months ago, and in mice, we actually grew an entire heart. An entire 295 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 mouse heart was grown just last year. And how is that possible? Because computer power means that we 296 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 can sequence genes, we can put doctors in touch with each other, it has accelerated medical advances. 297 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 And now let me say a few things about artificial intelligence. We will one day have robots. The robots 298 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 that we see in science fiction. Well, this is Asimo. Asimo is the world's most advanced robot. Asimo 299 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 can run, walk, climb up stairs, and dance. In fact, Asimo can dance better than me. I had a chance to 300 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 meet Asimo, and the question is how smart is our most advanced robot? And can these robots even have 301 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 emotions so that we can bond with them? Let's have now the second video where we will now go to Tokyo. 302 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 We will meet the worlds most advanced robot, and the question is will they one day become smarter than 303 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 us? Will one day they put us in zoo's and throw peanuts at us and make us dance behind bars? 304 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Well first of all, here's the governor of California in a very bad mood. So will we one day have to deal 305 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 with mad governors? Well, lets take a look at Asimo. You saw Asimo, the worlds most advanced robot. How 306 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 smart is Asimo? Well let me tell you, Asimo is as smart as a cockroach. A retarded cockroach. A stupid 307 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 lobotomized retarded cockroach. Asimo takes about 6 hours to walk across the room. Every moment pre-programmed. 308 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 That scene that you saw took 3 hours for us to program every single move of that robot. So why is Japan 309 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 spending so much time on these robots? Well, let me tell you a secret. Japan's population is the fastest 310 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 aging population on earth. They have very few young people, they have a lot of old people. These are 311 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 future robot nurses. That's why Japan is spending so much money building robots. That's the future of 312 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 nursing. Not the future of human intelligence. However, in the coming decades as robots get smarter, 313 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 perhaps they'll be as smart as a mouse. Eventually as smart as a dog or a cat. And in that case, after 314 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 that maybe as smart as a monkey. At that point, i think we should put a chip in their brain to shut them 315 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 off if they start to get murderous thoughts. But that's not for a while. That is decades into the future. 316 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 We'll have plenty of warning. And in fact, for the science channel special that i'm hosting on December 317 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 1st, we went to all the worlds leading artificial intelligence laboratories and you can see how primitive 318 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 our robots really are. Well let's say a few more things that we discussed in the science channel documentary. 319 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Invisibility, believe it or not, we physicists believe that invisibility is possible. We flew down to 320 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Duke University and we filmed the world's first microwave invisibility device. It'll make an object 321 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 invisible, the microwaves. We went to Berkley where they can actually do it for visible light. But there 322 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 is a problem, if you're inside in invisibility cloak, you cannot see outside, it's only a one way trip. 323 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 Therefore, if you are inside the invisibility cloak, you need to punch 2 eyeballs so you can see outside. 324 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 So from the outside, you see 2 floating eyeballs. Or here, a floating head. So remember that (metta materials?) 325 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 allows us to bend microwave radiations around an object, just like water flows around a boulder. If you 326 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 were downstream from a boulder, you don't know that there is a boulder upstream. That works for microwaves, a 327 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 nd at Berkley and Kel-tec, on a microscopic scale, they showed that it works for visible light as well. 328 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 So this means that in the coming years, coming decades, we may be able to attain full invisibility. Just 329 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 like you see in the movies, but we don't have it yet. Also, teleportation. Wouldn't it be great to simply 330 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 zap yourself across the room? Just like they do in Star Trek. Well this is called Quantum Teleportation. 331 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 And for the science channel television series we went down to Maryland, to the University of Maryland 332 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 where we actually photographed with a TV camera, actually photographed an atom being zapped across the 333 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 room. A TV screen lit up every time an atom was teleported from one chamber to the next chamber. Now 334 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 this of course leads to problems, because if you're Captain Kirk, you have to die, you have to dissolve 335 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 in the process of creating a copy of Captain Kirk over there. So who is that impostor over there? That 336 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 impostor over there looks like Captain Kirk, he sells Price line just like Captain Kirk, Okay, so who 337 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 is that person over there? You just saw him die, and there he is selling Price line over there. It really 338 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 makes you wonder who are we? Are we just information? That information can be zapped from one place to 339 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 another? And believe it or not, telepathy is coming faster than you think. We taped this again for the 340 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 science channel special, 12 episodes, 30 minutes a piece, starting December 1st. Here's how it works. 341 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 This is Brown University where we have a stroke victim on the lower right. He is paralyzed. He cannot 342 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 move, he cannot communicate with his loved ones. He is a quadriplegic stroke victim. On the upper left 343 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 is a chip. They put the chip in his brain shown on the lower left, you can see the dot where the chip 344 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 is placed. You hook up that chip to a lap top. That person who is now totally paralyzed, can now read 345 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 emails, surf the web, answer emails, do crossword puzzles, do everything you can do on a computer, except 346 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 this person happens to be paralyzed. This means that in the future you may simply want to communicate 347 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 with the web by thinking about it. We can also use this technology, by the way, he's allowed to see the 348 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 lap top, you see the connection on the right, an electrode that connects to a lap top computer, the worlds 349 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 first direct link between the human mind and a computer. And also in Japan, they have very tediously 350 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 mapped images of the brain onto an MRI scan and had a computer recognize them. We can actually see the 351 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 outlines now, the decoded outlines of an object that you are looking at with your eyeballs. This means 352 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 that when you are asleep and are dreaming, we may be able to photograph some of the dreams that you have. 353 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 This has already been done at Kyoto University, not with dreams, but with a person looking at an object, 354 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 a computer decodes the images on the MRI scan, we can now recognize, the first thing that was done was 355 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 a horse shoe, you can actually see the horseshoe that the person is looking at via an MRI scan. But in 356 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 the article it says that the next target is dreams. Maybe one day we'll be able to record your dreams. 357 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 This is what it looks like, you have to put this thing on top of your head. But in the future, it may 358 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 be invisible. It may be painless and invisible and you be able to surf the web all by yourself. Also, 359 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 we should also point out that we can also use this for a lie detector test. When you tell a lie, your 360 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 brain scan lights up like a christmas tree. That is because first you have to know the truth. Second, 361 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 you have to create the lie, third you have to create the cover up of the lie, and fourth you have to 362 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 analyze the consistency of the cover up of all the other lies you'd been telling all these years. That's 363 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 a lot of brain power. And you can actually see that on an MRI scan. Now let me say a few things about 364 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 the far future. So far everything i've talked about is the near future. We're talking about 10, 20, 50 365 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 years in the future. Now let's look even farther. We went to NASA and we visited the scientists who dream 366 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 one day of building a star ship. This of course is far beyond anything we can muster with todays technology. 367 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 However, we actually interviewed scientists who believed that it may be possible to bend the fabric of 368 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 space and time so that we can actually leap forwards across enormous differences. Perhaps using Einstein's 369 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 theory. This is a black hole. Black holes are not science fiction any more, we photographed the accretion 370 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 discs of black holes. This black hole lies at the center of a gigantic galaxy, NGC4258. That dot, that 371 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 dot you see at the very center is about one light year across. In the inside of the dot is a raging black 372 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 hole, in fact if you want to see a black hole tonight, go outside look in the direction of saggitarious 373 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 that is the center of the milky way galaxy. There's a black hole there which, in some sense, lies at 374 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 the center of our galaxy. Kids ask the question, if the moon goes around the earth, the earth goes around the sun, 375 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 what does the sun go around? Well we know the answer to that. The sun goes around the black hole in the 376 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 constellation Sagittarius at the center of the milky way galaxy. Now if you look at that black hole, 377 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 it's rather disappointing. Dust clouds obscure the galactic nuclei. If you could somehow remove the dust 378 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 clouds, then you would see a fire ball. A fire ball rise every night, perhaps rivaling the moon in brightness 379 99:59:59,999 --> 99:59:59,999 with a raging black hole at the center. Unfortunately, dust clouds prevent us from seeing this huge fire