[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.74,0:00:20.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Good morning, it's a pleasure to be here and an honor to be at re: publica.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.64,0:00:33.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For the last thousand years, we, our mothers, and our fathers, have been struggling for freedom of thought.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.69,0:00:48.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have sustained many horrible losses and some imense vicroties and we are now at a very serious time.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.58,0:00:58.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From the adoption of printing by Europeans in the 15th century, we began to be concerned primarially
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.54,0:01:02.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with access to printed material.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.67,0:01:10.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The right to read and the right to publish were the central subjects of our struggle for freedom of
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.24,0:01:15.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thought for most of the last half milenium.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.77,0:01:32.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The basic concern was for the right to read in private and to think and speak and act on the basis of
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.07,0:01:32.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a free and uncensored will.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.57,0:01:46.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The primary antogonist for freedom of thought in the beginning of our struggle was the universal Catholic
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.65,0:01:53.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,church, an institution directed at the control of thought in the European world.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.99,0:02:06.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Based around weekly surveillance of the conduct and thoughts of every human being.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.32,0:02:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Based around the censorship of all reading material, and, in the end, based upon the ability to predict
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.00,0:02:20.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to punish unorthodox thought.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.81,0:02:30.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The tools available for thought control in early modern Europe were poor, even by 20th century standards
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.28,0:02:32.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they worked.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.44,0:02:40.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And for hundreds of years, the struggle primarially centered around that increasingly important first
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.87,0:02:49.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mass-manufactured article in western culture: the book.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.09,0:03:00.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whether you could print them, possess them, traffic in them, read them, teach from them without the permission
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.02,0:03:10.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or control of an entity empowered to punish thought.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.40,0:03:20.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By the end of the 17th century, censorship of written material in Euopre had begun to break down.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.71,0:03:30.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First in the Netherlands, then in the UK, then afterwards in waves throughout the European world.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.72,0:03:43.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the book became an article of subversive commerce and began eating away at the control of thought.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.12,0:03:52.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By the late 18th century, that struggle for the freedom of reading had begun to attack the substance
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.52,0:04:07.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Christianity itself.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.80,0:04:17.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the European world trembled on the brink of the first great revolution of the mind. It spoke of " Liberté, égalité, fraternité"
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.37,0:04:18.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but actually it meant freedom to think differently.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.02,0:04:26.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Ancien Régime began to struggle against thinking and we moved into the next phase of the struggle
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.01,0:04:36.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for freedom of thought, which presumed the possibility of unothorodox thinking and revolutionary acting.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.13,0:04:43.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And for 200 years we struggled with the consequences of those changes.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.72,0:04:46.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was then and this is now.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.63,0:04:57.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now we begin a new phase in the history of the human race. We are building a single nervous system which
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.22,0:05:01.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will embrace every human mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.23,0:05:12.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are less than two generations now from the moment at which every human being will be connected to a single
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.24,0:05:23.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,network in which all thoughts, plans, dreams, and actions will flow as nervious impulses in the network.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.20,0:05:30.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the fate of freedom of thought, indeed the fate of human freedom all together, everything that we
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.37,0:05:39.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have fought for for a thousand years will depend upon the neuroanatomy of that network.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.43,0:05:49.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ours are the last generation of human brains that will be formed without contact with the net.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.55,0:05:57.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From here on out every human brain, by two generations form now, every single human brain will be formed
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.52,0:06:03.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from early life in direct connection to the network.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.39,0:06:15.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Humanity will become a super-organism in which each of us is but a neuron in the brain and we are describing
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.84,0:06:24.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now, now, all of us now, this generation, unique in the history of the human race, in this generation
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.50,0:06:28.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we will decide how that network is organized.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.84,0:06:32.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unfortunately, we are beginning badly.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.77,0:06:40.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's the problem: we grew up to be consumers of media. That's what they taught us, we are consumers
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.10,0:06:41.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of media. That's what they taught us.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.47,0:06:49.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now media is consuming us.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.65,0:06:59.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The things we read watch us read them. The things we listen to listen to us listen to them.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.07,0:07:08.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are tracked, we are monitored, we are predicted by the media we use.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.43,0:07:18.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The process of the building of the network institutionalizes basic principles of information flow.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.18,0:07:25.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It determines whether there is such a thing as anonymous reading.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.50,0:07:31.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it is determining against anonymous reading.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.93,0:07:42.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,20 years ago I began working as a lawyer for a man called Philip Zimmerman who had created a form of
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.19,0:07:47.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,public key encryption for mass use called "Pretty Good Privacy".
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.09,0:07:53.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The effort to create Pretty Good Privacy was the effort to retain the possibility of secrets in the late
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.25,0:08:00.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,20th century. Phil was trying to prevent government from reading everything.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.26,0:08:07.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, as a result, he was at least threatened with prosecution by the United States government for sharing
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.02,0:08:12.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,military secrets, which is what we called public key encryption back then.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.73,0:08:18.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We said you shouldn't do this, there will be trillions of dollars of electronic commerce if everybody
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.02,0:08:21.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has strong encryption. Nobody was interested.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.90,0:08:30.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what was important about Pretty Good Privacy, about the strugle for freedom that public key encryption
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.72,0:08:39.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in civil society represented, what was crucial, became clear when we began to win.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.36,0:08:48.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1995 there was a debate at Harvard Law School. Four of us discussing the future of public key encryption
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.37,0:08:50.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's control.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.92,0:08:59.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was on the side, I suppose, of freedom. It is where I try to be. With me at that debate was a man called
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.47,0:09:06.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Daniel Weitzner who now works in the White House making internet policy for the Obame Administration.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.27,0:09:14.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the other side was the, then deputy, Attorney General of the United States and a lawyer in private
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.17,0:09:20.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,practice named Stuart Baker, who had been chief council to the National Security Agency, our listeners,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.92,0:09:29.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and who was then in private life helping businesses to deal with the listeners. He then became latter
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.68,0:09:35.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the deputy for policy planning in the Department of Homeland Security in the United States, and has
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.99,0:09:43.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had much to do with what happened in our network after 2001. At any rate, the four of us spent two pleasant
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.28,0:09:50.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hours debating the right to encrypt and at the end there was a little dinner party in the Harvard faculty
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.69,0:09:56.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,club and at the end, after all the food had been taken away and just the port and the walnuts were left
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.34,0:10:03.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the table, Stuart said "Alright, among us, now that we are all in private, just us girls, I'll let
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.28,0:10:11.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our hair down" he didn't have much hair even then, but he let it down. "We're not going to prosecute
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.36,0:10:20.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your client, Mr. Zimmerman" he said, "public key encryption will become available. We fought a long losing
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.39,0:10:29.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,battle against it but it was just a delaying tactic." And then he looked around the room and he said
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.03,0:10:34.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"But nobody cares about anonymity, do they?"
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.86,0:10:39.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And a cold chill went up my spine and I thought alright, Stuart, now I know, you're going to spend the
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.80,0:10:47.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,next 20 years trying to eliminate anonymity in human society and I'm going to try and stop you and we'll
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.05,0:10:49.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,see how it goes.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.48,0:10:52.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it is going badly.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.88,0:10:59.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We didn't build the net with anonymity built in. That was a mistake.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.38,0:11:02.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now we're paying for it.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.28,0:11:07.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our network assumes that you can be tracked everywhere.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.90,0:11:15.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we've taken the web and we've made Facebook out of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.28,0:11:19.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We put one man in the middle of everything.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.76,0:11:27.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We live our social lives, our private lives, in the web and we share everything with our friends, and
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.47,0:11:38.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also with our super-friend, the one who reports to anybody who makes him, who pays him, who helps him
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.36,0:11:44.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or who gives him the 100 billion dollar he desires.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.61,0:11:53.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are creating a media that consume us, and media loves it.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.11,0:12:02.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The primary purpose of 21 first commerce is to predict how we can be made to buy.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.91,0:12:08.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the thing that people most want us to buy is debt.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.57,0:12:19.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we are going into debt. We're getting heavier, heavier with debt, heavier with doubt, heavier with
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.56,0:12:26.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all we need we didn't know we needed until they told us we were thinking about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.78,0:12:32.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because they own the search box and we put our dreams in it.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.65,0:12:39.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everything we want, everything we hope, everything we'd like, everything we wish we knew about is in
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.99,0:12:44.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the search box, and they own it.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.96,0:12:48.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are reported everywhere, all the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.56,0:12:56.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the 20th century you had to build Lubyanka, you had to torture people, you had to threaten people,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.38,0:13:05.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you had to press people to inform on their friends. I don't need to talk about that in Berlin.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.51,0:13:08.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the 21st century, why bother?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.97,0:13:15.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You just build social networking and everybody informs on everybody else for you.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.12,0:13:21.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why waste time and money having buildings full of little men who check who is in which photographs?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:21.44,0:13:27.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just tell everybody to tag their friends and bing, you're done.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.84,0:13:31.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oh, did I use that word, "bing?" You're done.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.68,0:13:39.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a search box, and they own it, and we put our dreams in it, and they eat them.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.52,0:13:44.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they tell us who we are right back.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.40,0:13:47.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"If you like that, you'll love this"
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.33,0:13:50.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we do.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.51,0:13:55.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They figure us out, the machines do.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.59,0:13:59.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every time you make a link, you're teaching the machine.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:59.70,0:14:05.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every time you make a link about someone else, you're teaching the machine about someone else.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:05.67,0:14:11.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to build that network, we need to make that brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.38,0:14:19.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is humanity's highest purpose, we're fuilfiling it. But we musn't do it wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.35,0:14:24.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once upon a time the technological mistakes were mistakes, we made them.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.66,0:14:34.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were the unintended consequences of our thoughtful behavior. That's not the way it is right now.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:34.07,0:14:37.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The things that are going on are not mistakes, they're designs.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.95,0:14:49.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have purpose, and the purpose is to make the human population readable.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:49.51,0:14:54.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was talking to a senior government official in the United States a few weeks ago;
Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.06,0:14:58.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our government has been misbehaving.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:58.96,0:15:09.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We had rules, we made them after 9/11, they said "we will keep databases about people, and some of those people will be innocent.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:09.15,0:15:14.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they won't be suspected of anything." The rules we made in 2001 said
Dialogue: 0,0:15:14.82,0:15:22.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We will keep information about people not suspected of anything for a maxium of 180 days,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:22.88,0:15:27.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they we will discard it."
Dialogue: 0,0:15:27.29,0:15:37.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In March, in the middle of the night, on a Wednesday, after everything shut down, when it was raining,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:37.16,0:15:42.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Department of Justice and the director of National Intelligence in the United States said "Oh, we're
Dialogue: 0,0:15:42.27,0:15:51.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,changing those rules. This small change: we used to say we would keep information on people not suspected
Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.97,0:15:59.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of anything for only 180 days maximum, we're changing that a little bit to five years."
Dialogue: 0,0:15:59.63,0:16:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which is infinity.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:02.00,0:16:07.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I joked with the lawyers I work with in NY, they only wrote five years in the press release because they couldn't get the
Dialogue: 0,0:16:07.97,0:16:12.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sideways 8 into the font for the press release.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:12.10,0:16:16.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Otherwise they'd have just said "infinity," which is what they mean.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:16.49,0:16:21.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I was having a conversation with a senior government official I have known all these many years who
Dialogue: 0,0:16:21.81,0:16:31.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,works in the White House and I said "You're changing American society" he said, "Well we realized that
Dialogue: 0,0:16:31.17,0:16:37.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need a robust social graph of the United States."
Dialogue: 0,0:16:37.72,0:16:42.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I said "You need a robust social graph of the United States?"
Dialogue: 0,0:16:42.29,0:16:43.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Yes" he said.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:43.47,0:16:50.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I said "You mean the United States government is, from now on, going to keep a list of everybody every
Dialogue: 0,0:16:50.44,0:16:59.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,American knows. Do you think by any chance that should require a law?"
Dialogue: 0,0:16:59.17,0:17:01.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he just laughed.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:01.52,0:17:08.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because they did it in a press release in the middle of the night, on Wednesday when it was raining.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:08.83,0:17:17.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're going to live in a world, unless we do something quickly, in which our media consume us and spit
Dialogue: 0,0:17:17.91,0:17:22.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the government's cup.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:22.44,0:17:28.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There will never have been any place like it before.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:28.57,0:17:36.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if we let it happen, there will never ever be any place different from it again.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:36.11,0:17:46.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Humanity will all have been wired together and media will consume us and spit in the government's cup.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:46.52,0:17:51.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the state will own our minds.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:51.21,0:17:59.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The soon-to-be-ex president of France campaigned, as you will recall last month on the proposition that
Dialogue: 0,0:17:59.89,0:18:09.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there should be criminal penalties for repeat visiting of jhiadi websites.That was a threat to
Dialogue: 0,0:18:09.43,0:18:14.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,criminalize reading in France.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:14.77,0:18:28.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, he will be soon the ex-president of France, but that doesn't mean that that will be an ex-idea in France at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:28.20,0:18:33.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The criminalization of reading is well advanced.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:33.65,0:18:41.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the United States, in what we call terrorism prosecutions, we now routinely see evidence of people's
Dialogue: 0,0:18:41.36,0:18:48.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Google searches submitted as proof of their conspiratorial behavior.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:48.37,0:18:57.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The act of seeking knowledge has become an overt act in conspiricy prosecutions.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:57.01,0:19:03.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are criminalizing thinking, reading, and research.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:03.61,0:19:10.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are doing this in so called free societies. We are doing this in a place with the 1st Amendment.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:10.41,0:19:19.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are doing this despite everything our history teaches us because we are forgetting even as we learn.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:19.51,0:19:23.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't have much time.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:23.67,0:19:34.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The generation that grew up outside the net is the last generation that can fix it without force.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:34.98,0:19:45.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Governments all over the world are falling in love with the idea of datamining their populations.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:45.45,0:19:52.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I used to think that we were going to be fighting the Chinese Communit party in the third decade
Dialogue: 0,0:19:52.95,0:19:56.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the 21st century.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:56.38,0:20:02.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I didn't anticipate that we were going to be fighting the United States government and the government
Dialogue: 0,0:20:02.72,0:20:07.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the People's Republic of China.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:07.72,0:20:17.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when Ms. Cruise is here on Friday, perhaps you'll ask her whether we're going to be fighting her too.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:17.17,0:20:21.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Governments are falling in love with datamining because it really really works.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:21.02,0:20:26.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's good. It's good for good things as well as evil things.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:26.15,0:20:32.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's good for helping government understand how to deliver services; it is good for government to understand
Dialogue: 0,0:20:32.19,0:20:41.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what the problems are going to be; it is good for politicians to understand how voters are going to think.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:41.52,0:20:48.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it creates the possibility of kinds of social control that were previously very difficult, very
Dialogue: 0,0:20:48.24,0:20:55.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,expensive, and very cumbersome, in very simple and efficient ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:55.57,0:21:03.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is no longer necessary to maintain enormous networks of informants, as I have pointed out.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:03.47,0:21:11.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stazi gets a bargin now, if it comes back, because Zuckerberg does its work for it.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:11.92,0:21:19.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it is more than just the ease of surveillance it is more than just the permanence of data,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:19.81,0:21:25.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's the relentless of living after the end of forgetting.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:25.08,0:21:30.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nothing ever goes away any more.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:30.29,0:21:37.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What isn't understood today will be understood tomorrow. The encrypted traffic you use today in relative
Dialogue: 0,0:21:37.65,0:21:44.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,security is simply waiting until there is enough of it for the crypto analysis to work.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:44.38,0:21:47.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For the breakers to succeed in breaking it.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:47.61,0:21:55.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're going to have to re-do all our security all the time forever because no encrypted packet is ever
Dialogue: 0,0:21:55.69,0:21:59.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lost again.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:59.15,0:22:08.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nothing is unconnected infinitely, only finitely. Every piece of information can be retained and everything
Dialogue: 0,0:22:08.16,0:22:11.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eventually gets linked to something else.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:11.60,0:22:18.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the rationale for the government official who says we need a robust social graph of the social
Dialogue: 0,0:22:18.51,0:22:19.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,graph of the United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:19.88,0:22:21.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why do you need it?
Dialogue: 0,0:22:21.72,0:22:29.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the dots you don't connect today, you can connect tomorrow, or next year, or the year after next.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:29.96,0:22:38.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nothing is ever lost, nothing ever goes away, nothing is forgotten any more.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:38.55,0:22:48.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the primary form of collection that should concern us most is media that spy on us while we use them.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:48.63,0:22:57.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Books that watch us read them; music that listens to us listen to it; search boxes that report what we
Dialogue: 0,0:22:57.45,0:23:04.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are searching for to whoever is searching for us and doesn't know us yet.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:04.37,0:23:10.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is a lot of talk about data coming out of Facebook.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:10.16,0:23:16.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is it coming to me? Is it coming to him? Is it coming to them?
Dialogue: 0,0:23:16.08,0:23:20.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They want you to think that the threat is data coming out.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:20.74,0:23:26.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You should know that the threat is code going in.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:26.90,0:23:34.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For the last 15 years what has been happening in enterprise computing
Dialogue: 0,0:23:34.42,0:23:42.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the addition of that layer of analytics on top of the data warehouse that mostly goes, in enterprise computing,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:42.66,0:23:46.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the name of "business intelligence."
Dialogue: 0,0:23:46.08,0:23:54.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What it means is you've been building these vast data warehouses in your company for a decade or two now,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:54.09,0:24:01.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have all the information about your own operations, your suppliers, your competitors, your customers,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:01.24,0:24:08.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now you want to make that data start to do tricks by adding it to all the open source data
Dialogue: 0,0:24:08.88,0:24:14.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out there in the world and using it to tell you the answers to questions you didn't know you had.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:14.82,0:24:17.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's business intelligence.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:17.96,0:24:23.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The real threat of Facebook is the BI layer on top of the Facebook warehouse.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:23.44,0:24:26.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Facebook data warehouse contains the behavior,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:26.87,0:24:31.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not just the thinking but also the behavior,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:31.45,0:24:35.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of somewhere nearing a billion people.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:35.91,0:24:42.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The business Intelligence layer on top of it, which is just all that code they get to run
Dialogue: 0,0:24:42.76,0:24:47.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,covered by the terms of service that say they can run any code they want
Dialogue: 0,0:24:47.40,0:24:51.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for "improvement of the experience."
Dialogue: 0,0:24:51.49,0:24:58.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The business intelligence layer on top of Facebook is where every intelligence service in the world wants to go.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:58.55,0:25:06.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine that you're a tiny little secret police organization in some not very important country.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:06.53,0:25:14.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's put ourselves in their position, let's call them, I don't know what, you know Kyrgyzstan.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:14.15,0:25:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're secret police, you're in the people business. Secret policing is people business.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:21.00,0:25:28.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have classes of people that you want. You want agents, you want sources, you have adversaries,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:28.87,0:25:33.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you have "infulenciables," that is people that you can torture who are related to adversaries:
Dialogue: 0,0:25:33.49,0:25:38.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wives, husbands, fathers, daughters, you know, those people.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:38.79,0:25:45.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you're looking for classes of people. You don't know their names but you know what they're like.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:45.92,0:25:51.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know who is recruitable for you as an agent, you know who are likely sources.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:51.28,0:25:55.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can give the social characteristics of your adversaries.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:55.71,0:25:59.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And once you know your adversaries you can find the infulencables.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:59.94,0:26:04.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what you want to do is run code inside Facebook.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:04.40,0:26:07.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It will help you find the people that you want.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:07.25,0:26:13.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It will show you the people whose behavior and whose social circles tell you that they are what you want
Dialogue: 0,0:26:13.78,0:26:22.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by way of agents, sources, what the adversaries are and who you can torture to get to them.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:22.35,0:26:26.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you don't want data out of Facebook, the minute you take data out of Facebook it is dead.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:26.92,0:26:32.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You want to put code into Facebook, and run it there and get the results.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:32.17,0:26:35.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You want to cooperate.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:35.33,0:26:38.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Facebook wants to be a media company.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:38.65,0:26:40.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It wants to own the web.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:40.76,0:26:44.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It wants you to punch "like" buttons.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:44.78,0:26:50.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Like" buttons are terrific even if you don't punch them because they're web bugs,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:50.68,0:26:56.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they show Facebook every other webpage that you touch that has a "like" button on it,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:56.97,0:27:00.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether you punch it or you don't, they still get a record.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:00.13,0:27:09.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The record is you read a page which had a "like" button on it and either you said yes or you said no,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:09.20,0:27:15.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and either way you made data, you taught the machine.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:15.64,0:27:24.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So media want to know you better than you know yourself and we shouldn't let anybody do that.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:24.58,0:27:28.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We fought for a thousand years for the internal space,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:28.15,0:27:35.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the space where we read, think, reflect, and become unorthodox,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:35.54,0:27:38.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,inside our own minds.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:38.62,0:27:44.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the space that everybody wants to take away.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:44.04,0:27:46.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tell us your dreams.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:46.52,0:27:49.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tell us your thoughts.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:49.40,0:27:50.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tell us what you hope.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:50.84,0:27:52.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tell us what you fear.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:52.28,0:28:00.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is not weekly oricular confession, this is confession 24 by 7.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:00.52,0:28:03.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The mobile robot that you carry around with you,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:03.10,0:28:07.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the one that knows where you are all the times and listens to all your conversations.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:07.37,0:28:12.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The one that you hope isn't reporting in at headquarters but it is only hope?
Dialogue: 0,0:28:12.22,0:28:19.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The one that runs all that software you can't read, can't study, can't see, can't modify, and can't understand?
Dialogue: 0,0:28:19.93,0:28:20.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That one.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:20.79,0:28:27.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That one is taking your confession all the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:27.36,0:28:31.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you hold it up to your face from now on it is going to know your heartbeat.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:31.36,0:28:34.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's an Android app right now.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:34.47,0:28:39.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Micro changes in the color of your face reveal your heartrate.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:39.51,0:28:44.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a little lie detector you're carrying around with you.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:44.80,0:28:52.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pretty soon I'll be able to sit in a classroom and watch the blood pressure of my students go up and down.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:52.84,0:29:00.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In a law school classroom in the United States, that is really important information.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:00.71,0:29:02.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it is not just me of course, it's everybody right?
Dialogue: 0,0:29:02.80,0:29:06.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because it's just data and people will have access to it.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:06.77,0:29:12.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The inside of your head becomes the outside of your face, becomes the inside of your smart phone,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:12.46,0:29:21.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,becomes the inside of the network, becomes the front of the file at headquarters.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:21.51,0:29:27.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we need free media or we lose freedom of thought. It's that simple.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:27.78,0:29:30.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is free media mean?
Dialogue: 0,0:29:30.03,0:29:34.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Media that you can read, that you can think about, that you can add to,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:34.19,0:29:40.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you can participate in without being monitored.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:40.20,0:29:47.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Without being surveiled, without being reported in on. That's free media.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:47.15,0:29:57.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we don't have it, we lose freedom of thought, possibly forever.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:57.02,0:30:07.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Having free media means having a network that behaves according to the needs of the people at the edge,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:07.23,0:30:14.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not according to the needs of the servers in the middle.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:14.80,0:30:22.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Making free media requires a network of peers, not a network of masters and servants,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:22.30,0:30:34.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not a network of clients and servers, not a network where network operators control all the packets they move.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:34.26,0:30:40.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is not simple, but it is still possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:40.99,0:30:46.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We require free technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:46.57,0:30:55.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The last time I gave a political speech in Berlin it was in 2004. It was called "Die Gedanken sind frei."
Dialogue: 0,0:30:55.51,0:31:04.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I said we need three things: free software, free hardware, free bandwidth. Now we need them more.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:04.33,0:31:09.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is eight years later; we've made some mistakes; we're in more trouble.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:09.23,0:31:14.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We haven't come forward, we've gone back.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:14.20,0:31:20.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need free software, that means software you can copy, modify, and re-distribute.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:20.14,0:31:31.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need that because we need the software that runs the network to be modifiable by the people the network embraces.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:31.52,0:31:38.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The death of Mr. Jobs is a positive event. I am sorry to break it to you like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:38.74,0:31:42.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was a great artist and a moral monster
Dialogue: 0,0:31:42.88,0:31:53.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he brought us closer to the end of freedom every single time he put something out because he hated sharing.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:53.30,0:31:55.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It wasn't his fault, he was an artist.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:55.86,0:32:02.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He hated sharing because he believed he invented everything, even though he didn't.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:02.75,0:32:07.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Inside those fine little boxes with the lit up apples on them I see all around the room,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:07.33,0:32:13.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a bunch of free software, tailored to give him control.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:13.53,0:32:18.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nothing illegal, nothing wrong, he obeyed the licenses.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:18.45,0:32:23.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He screwed us every time he could and he took everything we gave him,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:23.23,0:32:29.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he made beautiful stuff that controlled its users.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:29.48,0:32:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once upon a time there was a man here who built stuff in Berlin, for Alberst Spare(sp),
Dialogue: 0,0:32:36.00,0:32:41.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,his name was Philip Johnson and he was a wonderful artist and a moral monster.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:41.23,0:32:49.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he said he went to work building buildings for the Nazis because they had all the best graphics.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:49.01,0:32:53.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he meant it, because he was an artist.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:53.05,0:32:56.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As Mr. Jobs was an artist.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:56.97,0:33:00.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But artistry is no guaranty of morality.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:00.57,0:33:04.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need free software.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:04.98,0:33:11.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The tablets that you use that Mr. Jobs designed are made to control you.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:11.58,0:33:18.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can't change the software. It's hard even to do ordinary programming.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:18.77,0:33:26.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It doesn't really matter, they're just tablets, we just use them, we're just consuming the glories of what they give us.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:26.69,0:33:31.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they're consumming you too.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:31.59,0:33:38.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We live, as the science fiction we read when we were children suggested we would, among robots not.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:38.58,0:33:45.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We live commensally with robots. But they don't have hands and feet, we're their hands and feet.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:45.92,0:33:52.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We carry the robots around with us; they know everywhere we go, they see everything we see;
Dialogue: 0,0:33:52.07,0:33:58.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everything we say they listen to and there is no first law of robotics.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:58.74,0:34:05.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They hurt us every day and there is no progamming to prevent it.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:05.07,0:34:08.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we need free software.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:08.21,0:34:16.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unless we control the software in the network, the network will, in the end, control us.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:16.71,0:34:18.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need free hardware.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:18.40,0:34:27.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What that means is that when we buy an electronic something, it should be ours, not someone else's.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:27.27,0:34:32.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We should be free to change it, to use it our way,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:32.10,0:34:37.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to assure that it is not working for anyone other than ourselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:37.23,0:34:41.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course most of us will never change anything.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:41.65,0:34:48.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the fact that we can change it will keep us safe.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:48.59,0:34:56.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course we will never be the people that they most want to surveil.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:56.44,0:35:04.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The man who will not be president of France, for sure, but who thought he would, now says that he was
Dialogue: 0,0:35:04.75,0:35:11.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trapped and his political career was destroyed, not because he raped a hotel housekeeper,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:11.53,0:35:17.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but because he was setup by spying inside his smart phone.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:17.29,0:35:21.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe he's telling the truth and maybe he isn't.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:21.21,0:35:24.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But he's not wrong about the smart phone.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:24.09,0:35:28.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe it happened, maybe it didn't, but it will.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:28.60,0:35:32.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We carry dangerous stuff around with us everywhere we go.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:32.03,0:35:35.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It doesn't work for us, it works for someone else.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:35.03,0:35:39.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We put up with it, we have to stop.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:39.72,0:35:42.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need free bandwidth.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:42.32,0:35:46.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That means we need network operators who are common carriers,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:46.80,0:35:50.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whose only job is to move the packet from A to B.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:50.35,0:35:56.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're meerly pipes, they're not allowed to get involved.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:56.28,0:35:59.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It used to be that when you shipped a thing from point A to point B,
Dialogue: 0,0:35:59.39,0:36:04.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if the guy in the middle opened it up and looked inside it, he was committing a crime.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:04.59,0:36:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not any more.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:07.00,0:36:10.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the United States, the House of Representatives voted last week
Dialogue: 0,0:36:10.81,0:36:17.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the network operators in the United States should be completely immunized against lawsuits
Dialogue: 0,0:36:17.89,0:36:27.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for cooperating with illegal government spying so long as they do it "in good faith."
Dialogue: 0,0:36:27.81,0:36:32.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And capitalism means never having to say you're sorry; you're always doing it in good faith.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:32.92,0:36:37.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In good faith all we wanted to do was make money, your honor, let us out.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:37.84,0:36:40.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ok, you're gone.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:40.32,0:36:43.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We must have free bandwidth.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:43.43,0:36:48.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We still own the electromagnetic spectrum; it still belongs to all of us.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:48.57,0:36:54.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It doesn't belong to anyone else. Government is a trustee, not an owner.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:54.65,0:37:01.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to have spectrum we control, equal for everybody.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:01.08,0:37:09.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nobody's allowed to listen to anybody else, no inspecting, no checking, no record keeping.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:09.93,0:37:12.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those have to be the rules.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:12.67,0:37:18.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those have to be the rules in the same way that censorship had to go.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:18.96,0:37:24.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we don't have rules for free communication, we are re-introducing censorship,
Dialogue: 0,0:37:24.16,0:37:28.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether we know it or not.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:28.23,0:37:31.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we have very little choice now,
Dialogue: 0,0:37:31.08,0:37:39.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our space has gotten smaller, our opportunity for change has gotten less.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:39.70,0:37:48.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to have free software. We have to have free hardware. We have to have free bandwidth.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:48.50,0:37:53.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Only from them can we make free media.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:53.37,0:37:56.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we have to work on media too, directly.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:56.95,0:38:01.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not intermitently, not off-hand.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:01.64,0:38:10.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to demand of media organizations that they obey primary ethics, a first law of media robotics:
Dialogue: 0,0:38:10.86,0:38:12.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,do no harm.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:12.85,0:38:19.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first rule is: "do not surveil the reader."
Dialogue: 0,0:38:19.78,0:38:24.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can't live in a world where every book reports every reader.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:24.44,0:38:31.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we are, we're living in libraries operated by the KGB.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:31.06,0:38:35.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, amazon.com
Dialogue: 0,0:38:35.17,0:38:40.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or the KGB, or both, you'll never know.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:40.16,0:38:47.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The book, that wonderful printed article, that first commodity of mass capitalism,
Dialogue: 0,0:38:47.17,0:38:48.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the book is dying.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:48.73,0:38:51.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a shame, but it's dying.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:51.58,0:38:58.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the replacement is a box which either surveils the reader or it doesn't.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:58.64,0:39:01.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You will remember that amazon.com decided
Dialogue: 0,0:39:01.85,0:39:08.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that a book by George Orwell could not be distributed in the United States for copyright reasons.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:08.56,0:39:14.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They went and errased it out of all the little amazon book reading devices
Dialogue: 0,0:39:14.02,0:39:18.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where customers had "purchased" copies of Animal Farm.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:18.40,0:39:25.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oh, you may have bought it but that doesn't mean that you're allowed to read it.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:25.32,0:39:28.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's censorship.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:28.04,0:39:30.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's book burning.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:30.76,0:39:36.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's what we all lived through in the 20th century.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:36.72,0:39:40.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We burned people, places, and art.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:40.100,0:39:42.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We fought.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:42.39,0:39:49.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We killed tens of millions of people to bring an end to a world in which the state would burn books.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:49.96,0:39:53.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then we watched as it was done again and again.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:53.10,0:39:58.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now we are preparing to allow it to be done without matches.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:58.37,0:40:02.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everywhere, any time.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:02.27,0:40:08.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We must have media ethics, and we have the power to enforce those ethics
Dialogue: 0,0:40:08.84,0:40:11.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we're still the people who pay the freight.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:11.76,0:40:18.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We should not deal with people who sell surveiled books.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:18.47,0:40:24.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We should not deal with people who sell surveiled music.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:24.77,0:40:33.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We should not deal with movie companies that sell surveiled movies.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:33.52,0:40:39.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are going to have to say that, even as we work on the technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:40:39.44,0:40:48.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because otherwise capitalism will move as fast as possible to make our efforts at freedom irrelevant
Dialogue: 0,0:40:48.43,0:40:54.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there are children growing up who will never know what freedom means.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:54.84,0:40:57.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we have to make a point about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:57.65,0:41:00.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It will cost us a little bit.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:00.66,0:41:02.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not much, but a little bit.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:02.92,0:41:11.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We will have to forgoe and make a few sacrifices in our lives to enforce ethics on media.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:11.25,0:41:13.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that's our role.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:13.64,0:41:17.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Along with making free technology, that's our role.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:17.01,0:41:23.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are the last generation capable of understanding directly what the changes are
Dialogue: 0,0:41:23.47,0:41:28.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we have lived on both sides of them and we know.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:28.32,0:41:31.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we have a responsibility.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:31.46,0:41:35.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You understand that.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:35.63,0:41:38.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's always a surprise to me, though it is deeply true,
Dialogue: 0,0:41:38.51,0:41:44.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that of all the cities in the world I travel to, Berlin in the freeist.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:44.41,0:41:48.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You cannot wear a hat in the Hong Kong airport any more,
Dialogue: 0,0:41:48.03,0:41:52.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I found out last month trying to wear my hat in the Hong Kong airport.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:52.38,0:41:58.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're not allowed, it disrupts the facial recognition.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:58.44,0:42:03.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There will be a new airport here. Will it be so heavily surveiled
Dialogue: 0,0:42:03.06,0:42:08.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you won't be allowed to wear a hat because it disrupts the facial recognition?
Dialogue: 0,0:42:08.96,0:42:12.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have a responsibility. We know.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:12.76,0:42:16.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's how Berlin became the freeist city that I go to.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:16.48,0:42:19.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because we know. Because we have a responsibility.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:19.73,0:42:26.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because we remember, because we've been on both sides of the wall.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:26.76,0:42:30.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That must not be lost now.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:30.08,0:42:35.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we forget, no other forgetting will ever happen.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:35.05,0:42:37.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everything will be remembered.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:37.12,0:42:42.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everything you read, all through life, everything you listened to,
Dialogue: 0,0:42:42.02,0:42:46.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everything you watched, everything you searched for.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:46.20,0:42:53.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Surely we can pass along to the next generation a world freeier than that.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:53.56,0:42:56.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Surely we must.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:56.09,0:42:58.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if we don't?
Dialogue: 0,0:42:58.60,0:43:08.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What will they say when they realize that we lived at the end of a thousand years
Dialogue: 0,0:43:08.10,0:43:12.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of struggling for freedom of thought, at the end.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:12.39,0:43:19.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we had almost everything we gave it away.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:19.13,0:43:23.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For convenience. For social networking.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:23.65,0:43:28.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because Mr. Zuckerberg asked us to.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:28.20,0:43:33.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because we couldn't find a better way to talk to our friends.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:33.15,0:43:40.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because we loved the beautiful pretty things that felt so warm in the hand.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:40.56,0:43:46.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because we didn't really care about the future of freedom of thought.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:46.52,0:43:50.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because we considered that to be someone else's business.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:50.24,0:43:52.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because we thought it was over.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:52.17,0:43:55.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because we believed we were free.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:55.77,0:43:59.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because we didn't think there was any struggling left to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:59.25,0:44:01.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's why we gave it all away.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:01.18,0:44:03.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is that what we're going to tell them?
Dialogue: 0,0:44:03.94,0:44:07.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is that what we're going to tell them?
Dialogue: 0,0:44:07.40,0:44:13.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Free thought requires free media.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:13.30,0:44:19.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Free media requires free technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:19.50,0:44:29.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We require ethical treatment when we go to read, to write, to listen, and to watch.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:29.71,0:44:38.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those are the hallmarks of our politics. We need to keep those politics until we die.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:38.44,0:44:43.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because, if we don't, something else will die,
Dialogue: 0,0:44:43.37,0:44:50.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something so precious that many many many of our fathers and mothers gave their lives for it.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:50.47,0:44:56.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Something so precious that we understood it to define what it meant to be human.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:56.28,0:45:00.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It will die if we don't keep those politics for the rest of our lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:00.71,0:45:09.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if we do, then all the things we struggled for, we'll get.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:09.05,0:45:15.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because everywhere on earth, everybody will be able to read freely.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:15.43,0:45:21.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because all the Einsteins in the street will be allowed to learn.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:21.63,0:45:27.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because all the Stravinskys will become composers.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:27.97,0:45:31.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because all the Saulks will become research physicians.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:31.74,0:45:37.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because humanity will be connected and every brain will be allowed to learn
Dialogue: 0,0:45:37.31,0:45:43.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and no brain will be crushed for thinking wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:43.16,0:45:46.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're at the moment where we get to pick.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:46.62,0:45:52.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whether we carry through that great revolution we've been making
Dialogue: 0,0:45:52.08,0:45:57.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bit by bloody bit for a thousand years,
Dialogue: 0,0:45:57.39,0:46:02.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or whether we give it away for convenience,
Dialogue: 0,0:46:02.50,0:46:07.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for simplicity of talking to our friends, for speed in search,
Dialogue: 0,0:46:07.42,0:46:12.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and other really important stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:12.90,0:46:19.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I said in 2004, when I was here, and I say now, we can win.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:19.85,0:46:28.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can be the generation of people who completed the work of building freedom of thought.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:28.18,0:46:35.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I didn't say then, and I must say now, that we are also potentially the generation that can lose.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:35.08,0:46:42.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can slip back into an inquisition worse than any inquisition that ever existed.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:42.35,0:46:49.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It may not use as much torture, it may not be as bloody, but it will be more effective.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:49.73,0:46:53.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we mustn't mustn't let that happen.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:53.17,0:46:57.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Too many people fought for us. Too many people died for us.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:57.70,0:47:02.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Too many people hoped and dreamed for what we can still make possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:02.43,0:47:05.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We must not fail.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:05.74,0:47:06.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:06.58,0:47:59.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Applause]
Dialogue: 0,0:47:59.56,0:48:03.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's learn how to take questions here.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:03.20,0:48:08.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not going to be simple but let's set a good example.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:08.23,0:48:20.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[pause]
Dialogue: 0,0:48:20.83,0:48:21.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 1] Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:21.79,0:48:26.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 1] You put forward a very gruesome picture of the possible future.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:26.14,0:48:29.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 1] Could you name some organizations or groups
Dialogue: 0,0:48:29.15,0:48:35.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 1] in the United States that put forward actions in your way,
Dialogue: 0,0:48:35.59,0:48:40.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 1] in your positive way of transforming society?
Dialogue: 0,0:48:40.76,0:48:44.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not only in the United States, but around the world we have organizations
Dialogue: 0,0:48:44.50,0:48:48.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are concerned with electronic civil liberties.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:48.03,0:48:51.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The EFF, the Electronic Frontier Foundation in the United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:51.35,0:48:53.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,La Quadrature du Net in France
Dialogue: 0,0:48:53.76,0:48:57.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bits of Freedom in the Netherlands and so on.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:57.27,0:49:01.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Electronic civil liberties agitation is extraordinarily important.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:01.59,0:49:05.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pressure on governments to obey rules that came down from
Dialogue: 0,0:49:05.23,0:49:09.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the 18th century regarding protection of human dignity
Dialogue: 0,0:49:09.56,0:49:14.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the prevention of state surveillance are crucially important.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:14.73,0:49:20.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unfortunately, electronic civil liberties work against governments are not enough.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:20.39,0:49:26.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The free software movement, the FSF, the Free Software Foundation in the United States,
Dialogue: 0,0:49:26.05,0:49:29.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the Free Software Foundation Europe, headquartered in Germany,
Dialogue: 0,0:49:29.22,0:49:35.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are working in an important way to maintain that system of
Dialogue: 0,0:49:35.61,0:49:41.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the anarchistic creation of software which has brought us so much technology we can control.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:41.52,0:49:43.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's crucially important.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:43.85,0:49:48.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Creative Commons movement, which is strongly entrenched,
Dialogue: 0,0:49:48.10,0:49:52.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not only in the United States and Germany, but in more than 40 countries around the world
Dialogue: 0,0:49:52.99,0:49:59.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is also extraordinarily important because Creative Commons gives to creative workers
Dialogue: 0,0:49:59.73,0:50:05.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,alternatives to the kind of massive over control in the copyright system
Dialogue: 0,0:50:05.98,0:50:10.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which makes surveillance media profitable.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:10.92,0:50:15.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Wikipedia is an extraordinarily important human institution.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:15.34,0:50:21.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we need to continue to support the Wikimedia Foundation as deeply as we can.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:21.13,0:50:26.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of the 100 most visited websites in the United States,
Dialogue: 0,0:50:26.48,0:50:29.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a study conducted by the Wall Street Journal,
Dialogue: 0,0:50:29.36,0:50:32.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the 100 most visited websites in the United States,
Dialogue: 0,0:50:32.92,0:50:36.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only one does not surveil its users.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:36.83,0:50:40.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can guess which one it is, it's Wikipedia.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:40.60,0:50:47.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have enormously important developments now going on throughout the world of higher education
Dialogue: 0,0:50:47.68,0:50:54.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as universities begin to realize that the costs of higher education must come down.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:54.23,0:50:57.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that brains will grow in the web.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:57.62,0:51:04.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Universitat Oberta de Catalunya the walk is the most extrodinary
Dialogue: 0,0:51:04.32,0:51:07.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,online only university in the world right now.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:07.85,0:51:13.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It will soon be competing with more extraordinary universities still.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:13.50,0:51:19.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MITx, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's new program
Dialogue: 0,0:51:19.11,0:51:24.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for web education will provide the highest quality technical education on earth
Dialogue: 0,0:51:24.11,0:51:30.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for free to everybody everywhere all the time, building on existing MIT OpenCourseWare.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:30.34,0:51:35.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stanford is about to spin off a proprietary web learning structure
Dialogue: 0,0:51:35.90,0:51:39.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which will be the Google of higher education if Stanford gets it lucky.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:39.93,0:51:44.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to support free higher education on the web.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:44.49,0:51:49.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every European national ministry of Education should be working on it.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:49.17,0:51:56.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are many places to look for free software, free hardware, free bandwidth, and free media.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:56.66,0:52:02.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's no better place to look for free media right now on earth than this room.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:02.42,0:52:06.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everybody knows what they can do, they're doing it.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:06.30,0:52:11.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We just have to make everybody else understand that if we stop, or if we fail,
Dialogue: 0,0:52:11.81,0:52:16.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,freedom of thought will be the causality and we will regret it forever.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:17.64,0:52:21.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Organizer] We've had three more questions in the meantime.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:21.75,0:52:23.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Organizer] The gentleman with the microphone over here will begin.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:23.70,0:52:26.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Organizer] And then one, two, I'm sure there are more of you in the back
Dialogue: 0,0:52:26.100,0:52:28.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Organizer] so raise your hands high.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:28.90,0:52:32.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Organizer] We'll take maybe your first please.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:32.15,0:52:35.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 2] Thank you very much, I just wanted to ask a short question.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:35.68,0:52:42.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 2] Can Facebook, can iPhone, and free media coexist on a long range?
Dialogue: 0,0:52:42.16,0:52:44.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Probably not.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:44.06,0:52:46.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we don't have to worry too much.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:46.60,0:52:52.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,iPhone is just a product and Facebook is just a commercial version of a service.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:52.59,0:52:56.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I said recently to a newspaper in New York that I thought Facebook
Dialogue: 0,0:52:56.14,0:53:00.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would continue to exist for somewhere between 12 and 120 months.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:00.09,0:53:02.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I still think that is correct.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:02.15,0:53:05.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Federated social networking will become available.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:05.92,0:53:10.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Federated social networking in a form which allows you to leave Facebook
Dialogue: 0,0:53:10.79,0:53:14.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without leaving your friends, will become available.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:14.62,0:53:19.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Better forms of communication without a man in the middle will become available.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:19.80,0:53:22.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The question will be will people use them?
Dialogue: 0,0:53:22.49,0:53:26.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,FreedomBox is an attempt to produce a stack of software
Dialogue: 0,0:53:26.88,0:53:31.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that will fit in a new generation of low power, low cost hardware servers
Dialogue: 0,0:53:31.43,0:53:34.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the size of mobile phone chargers.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:34.54,0:53:37.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if we do that work right, we will be able to give
Dialogue: 0,0:53:37.36,0:53:40.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,billions of web servers to the net.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:40.28,0:53:44.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which will server the purpose of providing competting services
Dialogue: 0,0:53:44.53,0:53:49.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that don't invade privacy and are compatible with existing services.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:49.75,0:53:54.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But mobile phones get changed very frequently so iPhone goes away
Dialogue: 0,0:53:54.21,0:53:55.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's no big deal.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:55.79,0:53:58.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and web services are much less unique
Dialogue: 0,0:53:58.23,0:54:00.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than they appear right now.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:00.46,0:54:03.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Facebook's a brand, it's not a thing that we need to worry about
Dialogue: 0,0:54:03.80,0:54:05.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in any great particular.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:05.38,0:54:08.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We just have to do it in as quickly as possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:08.19,0:54:10.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Co-existence?
Dialogue: 0,0:54:10.40,0:54:12.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well all I have to say about that is that is
Dialogue: 0,0:54:12.46,0:54:15.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're not going to co-exist with freedom
Dialogue: 0,0:54:15.62,0:54:18.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I'm not sure why I should co-exist with them.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:18.01,0:54:25.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Applause]
Dialogue: 0,0:54:25.54,0:54:27.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 3]Hi, I'm Trey Gulalm(sp) from Bangladesh.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:27.60,0:54:32.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 3]Thank you for that wonderfully lucid, sintilating,
Dialogue: 0,0:54:32.11,0:54:35.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 3] and hugely informative presentation.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:35.36,0:54:39.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 3]I was involved in introducing email to Bangladesh
Dialogue: 0,0:54:39.12,0:54:43.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 3] in the early 90's and, at that time connectivity was very expensive
Dialogue: 0,0:54:43.72,0:54:46.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 3]we were spending $0.30 US cents per kilobyte
Dialogue: 0,0:54:46.83,0:54:51.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 3]so a megabyte of data would be $100, $300.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:51.38,0:54:55.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 3]It's changes from them but it is still very tightly constrained
Dialogue: 0,0:54:55.12,0:54:59.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 3]by the regulatory bodies. So we on the ground find it
Dialogue: 0,0:54:59.16,0:55:01.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 3]very difficult because the powers that be,
Dialogue: 0,0:55:01.16,0:55:05.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 3]the gate keepers have a vested interest in maintaining that.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:05.15,0:55:09.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 3]But in that gatekeeper nexus there is also a nexus
Dialogue: 0,0:55:09.52,0:55:13.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 3]between governments in my country and governments in yours,
Dialogue: 0,0:55:13.62,0:55:18.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 3]and right now the largest biometric data in the world
Dialogue: 0,0:55:18.92,0:55:21.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 3]is the census of Bangladesh
Dialogue: 0,0:55:21.59,0:55:25.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 3]and the company that's providing it is a company
Dialogue: 0,0:55:25.12,0:55:27.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 3]that's directly linked to the CIA.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:27.72,0:55:30.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 3]So what do we as pracatitioners do
Dialogue: 0,0:55:30.23,0:55:33.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 3]to overcome very very powerful entities?
Dialogue: 0,0:55:33.22,0:55:38.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is why I began by speaking about the United States Government's recent behaviors.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:38.96,0:55:43.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My colleagues at the Software Freedom Law Center in India
Dialogue: 0,0:55:43.72,0:55:48.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have been spending a lot of time this past month trying to get a motion
Dialogue: 0,0:55:48.80,0:55:51.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through the upper house of the Indian Parliment
Dialogue: 0,0:55:51.61,0:55:56.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to nullify Department of IT regulations on the censorship of the Indian net.
Dialogue: 0,0:55:56.63,0:56:00.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of course the good news is that the largest biometric database in the world
Dialogue: 0,0:56:00.32,0:56:04.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will soon be the retinal scans that the Indian government
Dialogue: 0,0:56:04.08,0:56:07.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are going to require if you want to have a propane gas cylinder,
Dialogue: 0,0:56:07.54,0:56:10.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or anything else like energy for your home.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:10.88,0:56:16.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the difficulty that we've been having in talking to Indian government officials this month
Dialogue: 0,0:56:16.99,0:56:22.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that they say "Well if the Americans can do it, why can't we?"
Dialogue: 0,0:56:22.01,0:56:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which is, unfortunately true.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:25.00,0:56:29.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The United States government has this winter lowered the bar around the world
Dialogue: 0,0:56:29.39,0:56:35.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on internet freedom in the sense of datamining your society to the Chinese level.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:35.36,0:56:37.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They've fundamentally agreed.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:37.43,0:56:40.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're going to datamine the hell out of their populations
Dialogue: 0,0:56:40.51,0:56:45.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're going to encourage ever other state on earth to do the same.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:45.04,0:56:49.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I'm entirely with you about the definition of the problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:49.01,0:56:54.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are not now any longer living in a place, in a stage in our history
Dialogue: 0,0:56:54.77,0:56:58.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we can think in terms of a country at a time.
Dialogue: 0,0:56:58.23,0:57:01.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Globalization has reached the point at which these questions
Dialogue: 0,0:57:01.36,0:57:05.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of surveillance of society are now global questions
Dialogue: 0,0:57:05.29,0:57:09.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we have to work on them under the assumption that no government
Dialogue: 0,0:57:09.99,0:57:14.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will decide to be more virtuous than the super powers.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:14.66,0:57:17.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know how we're going to deal with the Chinese Communist Party.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:17.96,0:57:19.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I do not know.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:19.98,0:57:22.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know how we're going to deal with the American government.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:22.23,0:57:26.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're going to insist on our rights.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:26.15,0:57:30.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're going to do what it makes sense to do in the United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:30.50,0:57:32.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're going to litigate about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:32.14,0:57:33.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're going to push.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:33.28,0:57:34.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're going to shove.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:34.56,0:57:38.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're going to be everywhere, including in the street about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:38.79,0:57:43.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I suspect that's what's going to happen here too.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:43.04,0:57:46.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unless we move the biggest of the societies on earth,
Dialogue: 0,0:57:46.15,0:57:49.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we will have no hope of convincing smaller governments
Dialogue: 0,0:57:49.84,0:57:53.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they have to let go of their controls.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:53.37,0:57:55.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So far as bandwidth is concerned, of course,
Dialogue: 0,0:57:55.27,0:57:58.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're going to have to use unregulated bandwidth.
Dialogue: 0,0:57:58.34,0:58:01.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is, we're going to have to build around 802.11 and wifi
Dialogue: 0,0:58:01.45,0:58:06.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and any other thing that the rules don't prevent us from using.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:06.84,0:58:10.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And how is that going to reach the poorest of the poor?
Dialogue: 0,0:58:10.62,0:58:13.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When the mobile phone system can be shaped to reach
Dialogue: 0,0:58:13.99,0:58:16.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the poorest of the poor? I don't know.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:16.91,0:58:20.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I've got a little project with street children in Bangalore trying to figure it out.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:20.84,0:58:22.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:22.35,0:58:24.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to work everywhere.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:24.06,0:58:30.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we don't, we're going to screw it up for humanity and we can't afford the risk.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:30.15,0:58:32.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Organizer]Thank you. The gentleman over here please.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:32.31,0:58:35.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 4]Yes, Professor Moglen,I also want to thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:35.37,0:58:40.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 4]I can tell you that I from transformingfreedom.org in Vienna
Dialogue: 0,0:58:40.06,0:58:45.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 4]and some years ago I saw you talking on a web video
Dialogue: 0,0:58:45.31,0:58:48.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 4]at FOSDEM, and there I saw you pointing out
Dialogue: 0,0:58:48.82,0:58:54.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 4]the role of Zimmerman, Fredrick, and we tried to help him as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:58:54.02,0:58:58.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 4]But listening to you today, I see that this is just too slow,
Dialogue: 0,0:58:58.71,0:59:04.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 4]too little, and I'm a bit amazed at two things.
Dialogue: 0,0:59:04.19,0:59:08.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 4]The first is the academic system, let's say the European one
Dialogue: 0,0:59:08.72,0:59:12.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 4]was founded by Plato and was closed down by force
Dialogue: 0,0:59:12.50,0:59:15.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 4]about a thousand years after.
Dialogue: 0,0:59:15.59,0:59:20.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 4]The second start of the European University was
Dialogue: 0,0:59:20.16,0:59:23.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 4]around the last few century and let's see if we get there,
Dialogue: 0,0:59:23.39,0:59:28.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 4]to have it running as long as a thousand years.
Dialogue: 0,0:59:28.48,0:59:32.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 4]So my question is why is it not deeply in the cell structure
Dialogue: 0,0:59:32.36,0:59:36.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 4]of academia to help the cause that you have talked about today
Dialogue: 0,0:59:36.86,0:59:41.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 4]and why don't we have philanthropists helping
Dialogue: 0,0:59:41.88,0:59:46.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 4]our little projects, running for three or five
Dialogue: 0,0:59:46.08,0:59:49.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 4]thousand euros here and there, much more let's say
Dialogue: 0,0:59:49.28,0:59:53.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 4] efficiently, like maybe you would agree that Mr. Soros
Dialogue: 0,0:59:53.16,0:59:56.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Questioner 4]tries to do?
Dialogue: 0,0:59:56.13,1:00:01.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some years ago, at Columbia, we tried to interest Faculty
Dialogue: 0,1:00:01.70,1:00:07.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the state of preservation of the libraries and I saw
Dialogue: 0,1:00:07.36,1:00:13.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more distinguished scholars at my own university than at any other time
Dialogue: 0,1:00:13.48,1:00:17.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in my 25 years there, engaged politically.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:17.49,1:00:22.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their primary concern was the aging of the paper
Dialogue: 0,1:00:22.39,1:00:26.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on which were printed the 19th century German Docterate
Dialogue: 0,1:00:26.15,1:00:32.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that conserved more philological research than any other literature on earth
Dialogue: 0,1:00:32.10,1:00:33.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,right?
Dialogue: 0,1:00:33.19,1:00:36.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it was 19th century books that they needed to preserve.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:36.51,1:00:40.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The problem with academis life is that it is inherently conservative
Dialogue: 0,1:00:40.95,1:00:44.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it preserves the wisdom of the old.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:44.01,1:00:45.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that is a good thing to do
Dialogue: 0,1:00:45.75,1:00:48.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the wisdom of the old is old,
Dialogue: 0,1:00:48.24,1:00:52.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it doesn't necessarily embrace the issues of the moment perfectly.
Dialogue: 0,1:00:52.90,1:00:56.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mentioned the walk because I think it is so important
Dialogue: 0,1:00:56.46,1:01:02.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to support the university as it maneuvers itself towards the net
Dialogue: 0,1:01:02.19,1:01:06.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and away from the forms of learning that have characterized
Dialogue: 0,1:01:06.28,1:01:10.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the matriculatry university of the past.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:10.06,1:01:15.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For the last thousand years mostly we moved scholars to books,
Dialogue: 0,1:01:15.54,1:01:19.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the university grew up around that principle.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:19.14,1:01:22.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It grew up around the principle that books are hard to move
Dialogue: 0,1:01:22.07,1:01:23.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and people are easy.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:23.46,1:01:25.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you bring everybody to it.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:25.50,1:01:28.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now we live in a world in which it is much simplier
Dialogue: 0,1:01:28.55,1:01:30.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to move knowledge to people.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:30.92,1:01:36.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the continuance of ignorance is the desire of businesses that sell knowledge.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:36.70,1:01:39.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we really need is to being ourselves to help
Dialogue: 0,1:01:39.88,1:01:42.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to turn the university system into something else.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:42.94,1:01:45.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The something which allows everybody to learn
Dialogue: 0,1:01:45.82,1:01:49.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and which demands unsurveiled learning.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:49.75,1:01:52.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The commissioner for Information Society will be here;
Dialogue: 0,1:01:52.35,1:01:56.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she should speak to that.
Dialogue: 0,1:01:56.55,1:02:00.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That should be the great question of the European Commission.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:00.59,1:02:03.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They know, they printed a report 18 months ago,
Dialogue: 0,1:02:03.52,1:02:06.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that said for the cost of 100km of road you
Dialogue: 0,1:02:06.26,1:02:10.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can scan 1/6 of all the books in European libraries.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:10.27,1:02:14.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That means for the cost of 600km of road we could get 'em all.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:14.82,1:02:17.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We built a lot of roads in a lot of places,
Dialogue: 0,1:02:17.42,1:02:19.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including Greece, in the last 10 year,
Dialogue: 0,1:02:19.33,1:02:22.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we could've scanned all the books in Europe at the same time,
Dialogue: 0,1:02:22.07,1:02:28.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and made them available to all humanity on an un-surveiled basis.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:28.41,1:02:31.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If Ms. Cruise wants to build a monument to herself,
Dialogue: 0,1:02:31.96,1:02:35.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it isn't going to be as a feif a day politician.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:35.82,1:02:38.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She's going to do it this way, and you're going to ask her.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:38.60,1:02:41.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to be on a plane on my way back across the Atlantic,
Dialogue: 0,1:02:41.11,1:02:43.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or I promise you I'd ask her myself.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:43.59,1:02:45.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ask her for me.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:45.64,1:02:50.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Say "It's not our fault, Eben want's to know. If you want to hurt somebody, hurt him. You should be changing
Dialogue: 0,1:02:50.74,1:02:55.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the European University. You should be breaking it up into un-surveiled reading. You should be putting
Dialogue: 0,1:02:55.99,1:03:04.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Google books and Amazon out of business. That's some North American, Anglo-Saxon, elbow capitalism thing.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:04.03,1:03:07.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why aren't we making knowledge free in Europe
Dialogue: 0,1:03:07.18,1:03:10.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and assuring that it's un-surveiled?"
Dialogue: 0,1:03:10.27,1:03:15.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That would be the biggest step possible and it is within their power.
Dialogue: 0,1:03:15.65,1:03:27.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Organizer] Thank you so much. [Applause] Brilliant. thank you.