[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.42,0:00:10.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For centuries,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.21,0:00:12.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people have consumed bugs,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.15,0:00:13.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everything from beetles
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.50,0:00:14.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to caterpillars,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.45,0:00:15.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,locusts,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.38,0:00:16.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,grasshoppers,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.21,0:00:17.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,termites,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.50,0:00:18.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and dragonflies.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.33,0:00:20.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The practice even has a name:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.14,0:00:21.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,entomophagy.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.42,0:00:23.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Early hunter-gatherers probably learned
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.30,0:00:24.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from animals that foraged
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.60,0:00:26.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for protein-rich insects
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.32,0:00:27.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and followed suit.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.35,0:00:29.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As we evolved
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.09,0:00:31.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and bugs became part of our dietary tradition,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.53,0:00:32.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they fulfilled the role
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.56,0:00:34.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of both staple food
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.02,0:00:35.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and delicacy.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.39,0:00:36.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In ancient Greece,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.52,0:00:39.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cicadas were considered luxury snacks.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.27,0:00:41.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And even the Romans found beetle larvae
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.31,0:00:43.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be scrumptious.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.04,0:00:45.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why have we lost our taste for bugs?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.15,0:00:47.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The reason for our rejection is historical,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.100,0:00:49.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the story probably begins
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.56,0:00:52.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around 10,000 BC in the Fertile Crescent,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.80,0:00:54.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a place in the Middle East
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.27,0:00:56.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was a major birthplace of agriculture.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.78,0:00:59.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Back then, our once-nomadic ancestors
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.33,0:01:01.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,began to settle in the Crescent.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.36,0:01:03.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as they learned to farm crops
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.05,0:01:04.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and domesticate animals there,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.67,0:01:06.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,attitudes changed,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.11,0:01:07.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rippling outwards towards Europe
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.78,0:01:09.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the rest of the western world.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.55,0:01:10.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As farming took off,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.86,0:01:13.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people might have spurned bugs as mere pests
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.96,0:01:15.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that destroyed their crops.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.53,0:01:16.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Populations grew,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.56,0:01:18.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the West became urbanized,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.39,0:01:21.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,weakening connections with our foraging past.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.19,0:01:23.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People simply forgot their bug-rich history.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.78,0:01:26.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, for people not accustomed to entomophagy,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.69,0:01:28.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bugs are just an irritant.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.28,0:01:29.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They sting and bite
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.91,0:01:31.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and infest our food.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.24,0:01:33.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We feel an "ick factor" associated with them
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.72,0:01:34.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and are disgusted
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.55,0:01:37.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the prospect of cooking insects.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.14,0:01:40.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Almost 2,000 insect species are turned into food,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.46,0:01:42.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,forming a big part of everyday diets
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.57,0:01:45.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for two billion people around the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.36,0:01:48.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Countries in the tropics are the keenest consumers
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.72,0:01:50.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because culturally it's acceptable.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.38,0:01:52.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Species in those regions are also large,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.24,0:01:52.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,diverse,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.92,0:01:55.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and tend to congregate in groups or swarms
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.49,0:01:57.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that make them easy to harvest.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.89,0:01:59.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Take Cambodia in southeast Asia
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.88,0:02:02.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where huge tarantulas are gathered,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.34,0:02:02.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fried,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.93,0:02:04.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sold in the marketplace.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.46,0:02:05.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In southern Africa,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.50,0:02:08.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the juicy mopane worm is a dietary staple,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.67,0:02:10.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,simmered in a spicy sauce
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.08,0:02:12.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or eaten dried and salted.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.58,0:02:14.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in Mexico, chopped jumiles
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.40,0:02:17.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are toasted with garlic, lemon, and salt.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.25,0:02:19.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bugs can be eaten whole to make up a meal
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.65,0:02:22.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or ground into flour, powder, and paste
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.21,0:02:23.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to add to food.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.31,0:02:24.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's not all about taste.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.94,0:02:26.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're also healthy.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.44,0:02:28.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, scientists say entomophagy
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.91,0:02:30.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could be a cost-effective solution
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.68,0:02:33.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for developing countries that are food insecure.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.53,0:02:36.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Insects can contain up to 80% protein,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.49,0:02:38.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the body's vital building blocks,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.34,0:02:40.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and are also high in energy-rich fat,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.88,0:02:41.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fiber,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.46,0:02:44.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and micronutrients like vitamins and minerals.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.29,0:02:46.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Did you know that most edible insects
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.05,0:02:47.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,contain the same amount
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.25,0:02:50.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or even more mineral iron than beef,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.25,0:02:52.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,making them a huge, untapped resource
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.25,0:02:54.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you consider that iron deficiency
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.69,0:02:56.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is currently the most common nutritional problem
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.98,0:02:58.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the world?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.42,0:03:00.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The mealworm is another nutritious example.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.49,0:03:04.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The yellow beetle larvae are native to America
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.17,0:03:06.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and easy to farm.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.09,0:03:08.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have a high vitamin content,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.01,0:03:09.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,loads of healthy minerals,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.14,0:03:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and can contain up to 50% protein,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.00,0:03:15.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,almost as much as in an equivalent amount of beef.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.25,0:03:17.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To cook, simply saute in butter and salt
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.85,0:03:19.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or roast and drizzle with chocolate
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.57,0:03:21.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for a crunchy snack.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.09,0:03:22.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What you have to overcome in "ick factor,"
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.81,0:03:24.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you gain in nutrition
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.43,0:03:25.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and taste.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.51,0:03:27.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Indeed, bugs can be delicious.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.27,0:03:29.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mealworms taste like roasted nuts.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.30,0:03:31.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Locusts are similar to shrimp.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.22,0:03:32.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Crickets, some people say,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.85,0:03:34.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have an aroma of popcorn.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.89,0:03:36.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Farming insects for food
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.49,0:03:38.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also has less environmental impact
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.61,0:03:40.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than livestock farms do
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.39,0:03:43.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because insects emit far less greenhouse gas
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.38,0:03:46.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and use up less space, water, and food.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.31,0:03:48.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Socioeconomically, bug production
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.54,0:03:50.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could uplift people in developing countries
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.66,0:03:53.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since insect farms can be small scale,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.12,0:03:54.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,highly productive,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.20,0:03:57.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and yet relatively inexpensive to keep.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.07,0:03:58.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Insects can also be turned
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.47,0:04:00.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into more sustainable food for livestock
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.55,0:04:02.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and can be reared on organic waste,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.76,0:04:04.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like vegetable peelings,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.13,0:04:07.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that might otherwise just end up rotting in landfills.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.02,0:04:08.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Feeling hungry yet?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.66,0:04:10.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Faced with a plate of fried crickets,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.78,0:04:12.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most people today would still recoil,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.80,0:04:14.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,imagining all those legs and feelers
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.91,0:04:16.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,getting stuck between their teeth.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.80,0:04:18.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But think of a lobster.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.05,0:04:20.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's pretty much just a giant insect
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.22,0:04:22.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with legs and feelers galore
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.41,0:04:23.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was once regarded
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.44,0:04:25.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as an inferior, repulsive food.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.61,0:04:27.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, lobster is a delicacy.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.62,0:04:30.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can the same paradigm shift happen for bugs?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.42,0:04:31.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, give it a try!
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.66,0:04:33.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pop that insect into your mouth,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.04,0:04:35.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and savor the crunch.