[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.74,0:00:16.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we are in the middle of \Nan epic battle for power in cyberspace.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.60,0:00:18.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the one side,\Nit's traditional power,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.93,0:00:20.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,think of organized institutional powers
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.97,0:00:23.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like governments and large\Nmulti-international corporations.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.93,0:00:26.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the other side,\Nthink of distributed power,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.05,0:00:28.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both the good part \Nand the bad part:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.09,0:00:30.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,grassroots movements,\Ndissidents' groups,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.23,0:00:32.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hackers, \Ncriminals...
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.35,0:00:35.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Initially, the Internet gave \Npower to the distributed.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.69,0:00:37.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It gave them \Ncoordination and efficiency
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.75,0:00:39.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and made them seem unbeatable.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.59,0:00:43.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, traditional powers are back\Nand they're winning big.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.95,0:00:48.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I wanna do here is tell the story\Nof those two powers fighting.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.20,0:00:52.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who wins and\Nhow our society survives their battle.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.69,0:00:55.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So back in the early days \Nof the Internet,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.41,0:00:58.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was a lot of talk \Nabout its natural laws.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.32,0:01:01.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Censorship was impossible,\Nanonymity was easy,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.23,0:01:03.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,police were clueless \Nabout cybercrime...
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.82,0:01:06.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Internet was\Nfundamentally international
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.35,0:01:08.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it would be a new world order.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.45,0:01:10.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Traditional power blocks are bended,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.44,0:01:13.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,masses empowered,\Nfreedom spread throughout the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.73,0:01:15.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this will all be inevitable.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.25,0:01:17.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was a utopian vision,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.96,0:01:20.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but some of it \Ndid actually come to pass:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.82,0:01:24.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in marketing,\Nentertainment, mass-media,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.05,0:01:28.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,political organizing, crowd funding\Nand crowd sourcing...
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.40,0:01:30.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The changes were dramatic.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.55,0:01:34.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eBay really did normalize\Nthe world's attics.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.01,0:01:36.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.85,0:01:41.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Facebook and twitter really\Ndid help topple governments.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.36,0:01:44.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that was just one side of\Nthe Internet's disruptive character.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.09,0:01:48.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's also made traditional power \Nmore powerful.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.05,0:01:50.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the corporate world,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.14,0:01:52.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are two trends\Nthat are currently feeling this:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.37,0:01:55.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, the rise of cloud computing
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.54,0:01:58.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,means we no longer have \Ncontrol of our data:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.83,0:02:03.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our email, photos, calendar,\Naddress book, messages, documents,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.12,0:02:05.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're now on servers\Nbelonging to Google, Apple,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.63,0:02:07.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Microsoft, Facebook and others.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.09,0:02:12.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And second, we are increasingly\Naccessing our data
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.10,0:02:15.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using devices that are tightly\Ncontrolled by vendors.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.04,0:02:18.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think of your iPhone, your iPad,\Nyour Android phone,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.20,0:02:20.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your Kindle, your Chromebook...
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.08,0:02:24.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And even the new computer OSs,\NMicrosoft and Apple,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.23,0:02:27.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are heading in this direction,\Nwith less user control.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.04,0:02:31.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And both of these trends\Nincrease corporate power
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.07,0:02:35.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by giving them more control \Nof our data and therefore of us.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.37,0:02:39.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Government power is also\Nincreasing on the Internet.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.31,0:02:42.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's more government\Nsurveillance than ever before.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.32,0:02:45.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We know now the NSA\Nis eavesdropping on the entire planet.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.14,0:02:46.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.01,0:02:47.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's more censorship \Nthan ever before.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.86,0:02:49.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's more propaganda.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.36,0:02:51.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,More governments are controlling\Nwhat the users
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.74,0:02:53.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can and cannot do on the Internet.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.75,0:02:58.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Totalitarian governments are embracing\Nthe Internet as a means for control.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.51,0:03:02.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And many countries are pushing cyberwar\Nas a reason of a control.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.62,0:03:06.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On both the corporate \Nand the government side,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.42,0:03:09.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,traditional power \Non the Internet is huge.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.07,0:03:12.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in many cases, \Nthe interests are aligning.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.58,0:03:15.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Surveillance is\Nthe business model of the Internet,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.99,0:03:20.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and business surveillance \Ngives governments access to data
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.02,0:03:21.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it couldn't get otherwise.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.24,0:03:22.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you could think of it
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.94,0:03:24.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a public-private \Nsurveillance partnership.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.28,0:03:27.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what happened?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.47,0:03:31.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How in those early Internet years\Ndid we get the future so wrong?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.77,0:03:37.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The truth is that technology\Nmagnifies power in general,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.30,0:03:39.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the rates of adoption are different.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.78,0:03:44.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The distributed can make\Nuse of new technologies faster.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.21,0:03:47.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're small but nimble,\Nthey're not hindered by bureaucracy,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.62,0:03:50.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and some of these are not\Nby laws or ethics,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.36,0:03:52.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they can adapt faster.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.85,0:03:55.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when those groups \Ndiscovered the Internet,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.02,0:03:57.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,suddenly they had power.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.19,0:03:59.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was a change in kind.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.36,0:04:01.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We saw that in e-commerce.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.24,0:04:02.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can you remember, \Nas soon as the Internet
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.79,0:04:04.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,started being used for commerce,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.39,0:04:07.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a new bread of cyber criminal \Nemerged, like out of the ground,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.65,0:04:10.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,immediately able \Nto take advantage.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.53,0:04:14.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the police who are like\Ntrained on Agatha Christie novels
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.18,0:04:16.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.86,0:04:19.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,took about a decade to catch up.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.06,0:04:21.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.82,0:04:23.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We also saw it on social media:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.47,0:04:25.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,right marginalized groups \Nstarted to
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.17,0:04:27.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,immediately use \Nthe Internet's organizing power.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.06,0:04:31.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it took corporations, what, a decade\Nto figure out how to co-opt it.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.40,0:04:34.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when big institutions\Nfinally figured it out,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.53,0:04:35.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they had more raw power
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.79,0:04:38.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to magnify and they got \Neven more powerful.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.28,0:04:40.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's the difference.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.16,0:04:43.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The distributed are more nimble and\Nquicker to make use their new power.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.99,0:04:48.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The institutional are slower but\Nable to use power more effectively.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.79,0:04:51.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So all the Syrian dissidents\Nused Facebook to organize.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.74,0:04:55.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Syrian government used Facebook\Nto identify and arrest dissidents.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.39,0:04:57.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So who wins?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.76,0:04:59.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is the quick or the strong?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.78,0:05:02.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which type of power dominates\Nin the coming decades?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.33,0:05:06.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right now, it looks like\Ntraditional power.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.04,0:05:09.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's much easier for the NSA\Nto spy on everyone
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.59,0:05:11.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than it is for anyone\Nto maintain privacy.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.90,0:05:14.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,China has an easier time \Nblocking content
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.88,0:05:17.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than its citizen have\Ngetting around those blocks.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.58,0:05:20.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And even though it's still easy to\Ncircumvent digital copy protection,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.92,0:05:22.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most users can't do it.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.94,0:05:27.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is because leveraging Internet\Npower requires technical expertise.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.61,0:05:32.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those with sufficient ability can\Nalways stay ahead of institutional power.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.92,0:05:35.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whether it's setting up\Nyour own email server or
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.72,0:05:38.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using encryption or\Nbreaking copy protection,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.33,0:05:40.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the technologies are there.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.65,0:05:43.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is why cyber crime \Nis still pervasive
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.21,0:05:45.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even as police power gets better,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.77,0:05:48.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is why whistle-blowers\Ncan still do so much damage,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.33,0:05:51.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is why organization like \NAnonymous are still viable forces,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.78,0:05:54.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is why social movements\Nstill thrive on the Internet.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.70,0:05:57.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of us though\Nare stuck in the middle.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.66,0:06:01.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't have the technical\Nability to evade
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.53,0:06:04.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the large governments and\Ncorporations on one side,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.27,0:06:06.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the criminal hacker\Ngroups on the other.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.48,0:06:08.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can't join any dissident movements.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.54,0:06:11.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have no choice but to accept
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.36,0:06:14.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the default configuration options,\Nthe arbitrator terms of service,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.46,0:06:16.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the NSA installed back doors
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.24,0:06:19.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the occasional complete loss \Nof our data for some inexplicable reason.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.76,0:06:21.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.86,0:06:25.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we get isolated as\Ngovernment corporate powers align,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.36,0:06:27.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we get trampled \Nwhen the powers fight.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.50,0:06:30.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where there's Facebook,\NGoogle, Apple and Amazon
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.61,0:06:32.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fighting it out in the marketplace,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.14,0:06:35.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the US, EU, China and Russia\Nfighting out in the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.88,0:06:39.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or US vs. the terrorists or\Nthe media industry vs. the pirates,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.49,0:06:41.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or China vs. its dissidents.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.66,0:06:45.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this will only get worse\Nas technology improves.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.31,0:06:49.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the battle between\Ninstitutional and distributed power,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.05,0:06:51.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more technology means more damage.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.20,0:06:53.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we've already seen it:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.49,0:06:56.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cyber criminals can rob \Nmore people, more quickly
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.69,0:06:58.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than real world criminals;
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.31,0:07:01.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,digital pirates can make\Nmore copies of more movies,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.73,0:07:05.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more quickly than \Ntheir analog ancestors.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.72,0:07:07.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we'll see it in the future.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.04,0:07:09.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,3D printers means control debates
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.84,0:07:12.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are soon going to involve \Nguns and not movies.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.73,0:07:14.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Google glass means \Nsurveillance debates
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.86,0:07:17.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will soon involve\Neveryone all the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.56,0:07:21.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is really the same thing as\Nthe weapons of mass destruction fear:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.88,0:07:24.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,terrorists with nuclear biological bombs
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.73,0:07:27.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can do a lot more damage than \Nterrorists with conventional explosives.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.16,0:07:33.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And like that fear, increasing \Ntechnology brings it to a head
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.79,0:07:38.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Very broadly, there is \Na natural crime rate in society,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.56,0:07:42.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,based on who we are\Nas a species and a culture.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.01,0:07:45.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's also a crime rate that\Nsociety is willing to tolerate.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.43,0:07:48.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When criminals are inefficient,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.13,0:07:51.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're willing to live with some\Npercentage of them in our midst.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.96,0:07:56.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As technology makes each \Nindividual criminal more effective,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.47,0:07:59.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the percentage \Nwe can tolerate decreases.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.42,0:08:04.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a result, institutional power\Nnaturally get stronger,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.95,0:08:08.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to protect against the bad part\Nof distributed power.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.54,0:08:11.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This means even more\Noppressive security measures
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.21,0:08:12.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even if they're ineffective,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.65,0:08:15.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and even if they stifle\Nthe good part of distributed power.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.92,0:08:18.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, so what happens?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.42,0:08:20.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happens \Nas technology increases?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.42,0:08:23.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is a police state the only way\Nto control distributed power
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.86,0:08:25.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and keep our society safe?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.19,0:08:28.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or do fringe elements\Ninevitably destroy society
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.84,0:08:31.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as technology increases their power?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.11,0:08:35.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is there actually no room for\Nfreedom, liberty and social change
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.05,0:08:36.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the technological future?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.36,0:08:39.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Empowering the distributed
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.24,0:08:41.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is one of the most important \Nbenefits of the Internet.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.84,0:08:44.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's an amazing force for \Npositive social change in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.70,0:08:46.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we need to preserve it.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.95,0:08:49.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this battle between \Nthe quick and the strong,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.41,0:08:51.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what we need is a stalemate.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.44,0:08:54.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I have three recommendations\Non how to get there.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.61,0:08:58.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the short term, what we need\Nis transparency and oversight.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.55,0:09:03.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The more we know\Nwhat institutional power is doing,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.12,0:09:04.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the more we can trust it.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.67,0:09:07.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well we actually know this is true,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.23,0:09:08.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we know it's true about government.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.07,0:09:10.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we've kind of forgotten it
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.14,0:09:12.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in our fear of terrorism \Nor other modern threats.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.40,0:09:13.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's also true for corporate power.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.20,0:09:16.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unfortunately, market dynamics
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.94,0:09:19.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will not force corporations\Nto be transparent.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.19,0:09:21.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We actually need laws to do that.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.05,0:09:26.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And transparency also helps us\Ntrust distributed power.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.76,0:09:30.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of the time distributed power\Nis good for the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.99,0:09:34.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And transparency is how we\Ndifferentiate positive social groups
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.81,0:09:36.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from criminal organizations.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.94,0:09:40.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oversight is the second thing.\NIt's also critical.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.79,0:09:43.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And again, it's a long understood\Nmechanism for checking power.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.92,0:09:45.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's a combination of things.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.34,0:09:47.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's courts that act as\Nthird party advocates,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.98,0:09:51.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's legislators that understand\Ntechnologies, it's a vibrant press,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.95,0:09:54.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's watchdog groups\Nthat analyze and report
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.56,0:09:56.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on what power is doing.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.22,0:10:00.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those two things,\Ntransparency and accountability,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.46,0:10:03.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,give us the confidence \Nto trust institutional power
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.25,0:10:05.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and ensure they'll act\Nin our interest.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.47,0:10:08.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And without it, I think\Ndemocracy just fails.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.76,0:10:11.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the longer term,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.09,0:10:13.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need to work\Nto reduce power differences.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.68,0:10:17.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The more we can balance power\Namong various groups,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.72,0:10:19.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the more stable society will be.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.56,0:10:22.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the key to all\Nthis is access to data.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.55,0:10:25.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the Internet, data is power.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.90,0:10:29.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To the extent the powerless have\Naccess to it they gain in power,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.14,0:10:31.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to extent the already\Npower have access to it
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.78,0:10:33.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they further consolidate their power.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.51,0:10:38.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As we look to reducing power imbalances,\Nwe have to look at data.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.46,0:10:40.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is data privacy for individuals,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.56,0:10:43.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mandatory disclosure rules \Nfor corporations,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.27,0:10:44.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and open government laws.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.77,0:10:48.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is how we survive the future.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.92,0:10:51.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today's Internet is really\Na fortuitous accident.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.55,0:10:55.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a combination of an initial lack \Nof commercial interests,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.83,0:10:57.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of government benign neglect,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.88,0:11:01.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of some military requirements\Nfor survivability and resilience,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.48,0:11:03.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a bunch of computer engineers \Nbuilding open systems
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.80,0:11:05.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that work simply and easily.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.03,0:11:07.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're at the beginning \Nof some critical debate
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.77,0:11:09.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the future of the Internet,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.75,0:11:13.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Law enforcement, surveillance,\Ncorporate data collection, cyberwar,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.63,0:11:17.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,information consumerism\Nand on and on and on.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.20,0:11:21.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is not going to be an easy period\Nas we try to work this out.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.74,0:11:24.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Historically, no shift in\Npower has ever been easy.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.86,0:11:28.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Corporations are turning the Internet\Ninto enormous revenue generator
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.10,0:11:29.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're not going to back down.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.85,0:11:31.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Neither will governments
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.28,0:11:33.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who have harnessed\Nthe Internet for a good control.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.07,0:11:36.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these are all very complicated\Npolitical and technological issues.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.46,0:11:40.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we all have a duty\Nto tackle this problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.81,0:11:43.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know what the result is gonna be
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.19,0:11:47.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I hope that when,\Ngenerations from now,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.76,0:11:51.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,society looks back on us\Nin these early decades of the Internet,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.29,0:11:53.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're not going to be disappointed.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.19,0:11:56.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is only gonna happen\Nif each one of us engages,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.41,0:11:59.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,makes this a priority\Nand participates in the debate.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.76,0:12:02.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to decide \Non the proper balance
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.25,0:12:04.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between institutional \Nand distributed power,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.35,0:12:07.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how to build tools that \Nwill amplify what is good in each,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.24,0:12:09.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or suppressing what is bad.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:09.02,0:12:10.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.50,0:12:14.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)